Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472 - January 9, 1529), whose real name is Wang Yun, is known as Bo'an, Yangming, and Leshan Jushi A native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, born in Beicheng, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province (now Yangming Street, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province), an outstanding thinker, writer, military strategist and educator in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Shouren is the son of Wang Hua, the secretary of Nanjing, the 12th year of the Hongzhi of Ming Xiaozong (1499) Jinshi, served in the three dynasties of Xiaozong, Wuzong and Shizong, and served as the director of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs in Guizhou Longchang Yicheng, Luling Zhixian, the right Yushi, the governor of Nangan, the governor of Liangguang, etc., and successively pacified the rebellion of Nanjiang, Liangguang and Chenhao, and was awarded the title of Xinjian Bo for his merits, and became one of the three civil servants of the Ming Dynasty who were knighted for military merits (the other two were Jingyuan Bo Wang Ji and Weiningbo Wang Yue). In his later years, the official worshiped the Nanjing Military Department Shangshu and the Imperial History of Zuodu. He died in November of the seventh year of Jiajing (January 1529) at the age of fifty-seven.
Wang Shouren was born in a scholarly family and an official family, and his distant ancestor was Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His father, Wang Hua, was the champion in 1481, and later became the official of Nanjing. According to the "Wang Shouren Annals", on the eve of his birth, his grandmother dreamed that someone sent a son from the clouds, and when he woke up from the dream, Wang Shouren was just born, and his grandfather named him Wang Yun, and the villagers also called his birth place Ruiyun Building. At the age of 5, he still couldn't speak. One day, a high monk passed by, stroked his head and said, "What a child, but it's a pity that the Tao is broken", which means that his name "Yun" has revealed the secret of his birth. His grandfather suddenly came to his senses and changed his name to Shouren, after which he began to speak. The story is a bit mythical, but it can be seen that he did not show extraordinary intelligence and talent as a child.
Childhood life
When Wang Shouren was 10 years old, his father won high school, so he went to Beijing with his father. When passing by Jinshan Temple, my father had a party with friends, and at the banquet, someone proposed to compose a poem to Jinshan Temple. Everyone is still meditating, and Wang Shouren has completed it one step ahead: "Jinshan is as big as a fist, breaking the underwater sky of Weiyang." Drunk leaning on the Myoko platform on the moon, Yuxiao blows through the cave dragon sleep. The four were all amazed, and everyone asked him to make a poem about the mountain house of the moon, and Wang Shouren recited casually: "The mountain is close to the moon and the moon is far away, so the mountain is larger than the moon." If a person has eyes as big as the sky, he will see that the mountains and the moon are wider. The fact that he wrote poetry shows that Wang Shouren has extraordinary imagination.
When Wang Shouren was eleven or twelve years old and studying in Beijing, he asked the teacher: "What is the first thing; The teacher said, "Only by studying can you get the first place in the imperial examination." He said, "I'm afraid the first thing is not to study to become a sage, but to study and learn to be a sage." Despite this, he was unruly from his youth, and all accounts say that he was "heroic and uninhibited" from a young age. For example, after losing his mother at the age of 13, his stepmother treated him badly, and he even bribed the witch to play tricks on his stepmother, so that she would treat him well from then on. He did not study very hard, and often led his companions to do military games. When he was young, he traveled to the border passes, practiced horseback archery, read various cheats on the art of war, and often used fruit cores to arrange formations when he met guests.
Capture King Ning
The rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, who pacified Nanchang, was the greatest military achievement of Wang Shouren's life. When Wang Shouren went to Fujian to suppress bandits, the troops led by him had just arrived in Fengcheng, and Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, suddenly raised troops to rebel. Therefore, Wang Shouren actively prepared for war, allocated military rations, repaired equipment, and then issued a document to beg the thief, announcing the guilt of King Ning, and asking all localities to raise troops to serve the king.
At that time, Wang Shouren was most worried about Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, moving east and occupying the old capital Nanjing. If Nanjing is lost, King Ning will have the capital to be the emperor, and at the same time occupy the geographical advantage, it will not be easy to eliminate. Wang Shouren bluffed and used false information to disturb King Ning's sight in the city, forcing him to make a wrong judgment, thinking that the armies from all walks of life had formed a siege posture. At the same time, he used a counter-strategy and ordered people to infiltrate Nanchang with wax pills, so that King Ning suspected the strategy of his subordinates to attack Nanjing. King Ning was really fooled, hesitated and watched for half a month, and did not dare to send troops to attack Nanjing. He took advantage of this opportunity to prepare to defend Nanjing, making it impossible for King Ning to attack Nanjing.
In 1519, King Ning led an army of 60,000 to capture Jiujiang and Nankang, and crossed the Yangtze River to attack Anqing. By this time, Wang Shouren had already mobilized 80,000 troops (mainly militia and peasants from all over the country), and claimed to be 300,000 to the outside world. Wang Shouren summoned his subordinates and asked how to retreat from the enemy. Some people pointed out that Anqing should be rescued first, and Wang Shouren said: "Now that Jiujiang and Nankang have been occupied by enemy troops, if we cross the Nanchang River to rescue Anqing, we will suffer from the enemy on our backs." Now Nanchang is empty, and our army is in full swing and can be broken in one fell swoop. When the enemy heard that Nanchang had been lost, he would return to his division to save him, and we would surely win the victory when we met him at Poyang Lake. ”
Fortunately, a lot of propaganda work was done before this, and he lied that there were a large number of troops attacking the city, and Nanchang was not attacked by itself, and after stopping for two days, Wang Shouren sent generals to meet the army of King Ning who returned to Nanchang in five ways. The four roads divided the troops to meet the advance, and set up an ambush all the way. After the battle, King Ning's army was quickly attacked by the enemy, was divided into several parts, and then fell into an ambush, suffered a heavy defeat, and fled to defend the Bazibrain region. King Ning found that the situation was not good, and hurriedly transferred the elite troops of Jiujiang and Nankang to attack, and Wang Shouren sent several large armies to meet and take Nankang.
The battle was fierce. The official army retreated for a time, and Wu Wending, the general of Wang Shouren's army, immediately beheaded the retreating people, ordered the troops to fight to the death, and finally defeated the enemy. The enemy retreated to the Qiaoshe area, formed a phalanx of large ships, and King Ning took out gold, silver and jewelry to reward the soldiers, and the chargers were rewarded with a thousand gold, and the wounded were rewarded with a hundred gold, requiring them to fight to the death.
But the phalanx of King Ning's army was broken by Wang Shouren, and he decided to follow the example of the Battle of Chibi and set fire to the ship. The next day, King Ning's ministers gathered together and held an "early dynasty" meeting on the ship, Wang Shouren's army arrived, loaded grass with a small boat, set fire to the wind, and burned King Ning's deputy boat, and the palace people below the princess Lou's family and civil and military officials jumped into the water one after another. King Ning's flagship ran aground and could not move, so he hurriedly changed to a small boat and fled for his life, but was chased and captured by Wang Shouren's subordinate Wang Mian, and King Ning's other civil and military ministers also became prisoners. Soon, Nankang and Jiujiang were also captured by the official army, and the rebellion of King Ning was completely quelled, and it took only 35 days before and after. Wang Shouren was thus awarded the title of "Ming Military God".
Later, Ming Wuzong went out under the pseudonym of "Zhu Shou, the Governor of Military Affairs, the Mighty General, and the Chief Military Officer", and Jiang Bin intended to instigate Wuzong to fight a battle with King Ning and capture him personally. Wang Shouren showed affection and reason to the eunuch Zhang Yong, indicating that more people would die if he did so. The final result of the coordination was: let Ming Wuzong go to Nanjing, and then release King Ning, so that the emperor's captives would be happy.
In 1527, Wang Shouren was the governor of Liangguang military affairs, and defeated the local armed forces of ethnic minorities such as Yao and Gu. Because of his merit, he was awarded the title of Guanglu Doctor, Zhuguo, Xinjian Bo, hereditary, and a thousand stone for Suilu, but neither the iron coupon nor Suilu were issued.
Achievement
In the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), Wang Shouren and his grace were used to pacify the civil rebellion that had plagued Jiangxi for decades.
In the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519), Wang Shouren imitated the Battle of Chibi in Poyang Lake and quelled the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, in Hongdu.
In the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), he pacified the rebellion of Si'en in the southwest, the rebellion of Tuyao in Tianzhou and the bandits of Broken Tengxia.
Lectures
In the 16th year of Jeongdeok (1521), Sejong of the Ming Dynasty ascended the throne and succeeded Sejong from the vassal king, and after a brief appreciation of Wang Shouren, he adopted an indifferent attitude towards this very capable courtier. On the occasion of Sejong's accession to the throne, Wang Shouren was invited to return by his father, and Sejong said that Wang Shouren had a great merit in capturing thieves and quelling the chaos, and he was about to be rewarded for his merits, and he was not allowed to resign. In July and August of the same year, he was first promoted to the secretary of the Nanjing Military Department, and he was not allowed to resign, and later allowed him to go back to visit his father along the way. Soon, Wang Shouren was crowned as a new uncle, hereditary.
In the first year of Jiajing (1522), his father Wang Hua died, and Wang Shouren returned to his hometown to guard the system.
In the third year of Jiajing (1524), he was invited to give a lecture at Jishan Academy; In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), Yangming Academy was founded in Shaoxing, and its disciples also began to give lectures and spread "Wang Xue". In the same year, the original wife Zhu died, Wang Shouren continued to marry Zhang, and had a son the following year. [4]
According to the "Wang Yang Next Year's Genealogy" compiled by Qian Dehong and others, it is recorded: "Longshan Gong (Wang Hua) often thinks about the beautiful landscapes of Shanyin, and restores the light of Yao Xiyue City. ”
Regarding the time when Wang Yangming's family moved to Shaoxing, there are different opinions in the academic circles, such as "Wang Hua's migration theory in the middle of the examination", "Zhengde's five-year migration theory", "Bofudi completed the migration theory", etc., and there are many theories about Wang Hua and Wang Yangming's family affairs and migration in later generations.
Wang Mouwen, a member of the Wang clan of Guangxiangqiao in Shaoxing, compiled the "Genealogy of the Wang Family of Yaojiang" in the 39th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1774), and there are three volumes of the remaining genealogy.
In the spectrum, "Rebuilding the Wang's Family Temple Inscription" records: "The quality of the nunnery from Daxi to Yuyao's secret map mountain, eight to the sea and day public mound Zai Zhishi, love Hui Ji landscape Bu build Shanyin, Wen Cheng Gong Pinghao Gong Jue Xi Gong Gui, built the first in Chaojingfang, then set up a family temple in its east. ”
"The Biography of Mr. Longshan, the Book of the Ministry of Gifts" records: "Reverse Jin steals the handle, the scholar doctor fights to go to his door, Mr. Jin does not go alone, Jin title, out of the Nanjing Ministry of Officials, the old things of the Ministry of Rites, and the order to the Shi, that is, to return, Buju Mountain Yin Guang Xiangqiao." ”
According to this record, the time when Wang Hua moved to Shaoxing and Wang Yangming's Bofu is clear, and Wang Hua moved to Shaoxing after returning to Li in September of the second year of Ming Zhengde (1507), that is, after Wang Yangming was 36 years old. And Wang Yangming's Bofu was after the pacification of King Ning and the sealing of Xinjian Bo.
In September of the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), on the eve of going to Guangxi to quell the rebellion, he paid attention to learning four teachings at Tianquan Bridge: there is no good and no disgusting body, and there are good and malicious movements. Knowing good and knowing evil is conscience, and doing evil for good is a thing.
Governor of Liangguang
In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), the ethnic leaders of Sien and Tianzhou, Lu Su and Wang Shou, rebelled. Governor Yao Yi could not be pacified, so he issued an edict to let Shouren take his original official position and the imperial history of the left capital, and the governor Liangguang was also the governor. Huang Juan took this opportunity to write a letter to argue for Shouren's merits, asking him to give him iron coupons and Sui Lu, and to describe the heroes who put down the rebellion of King Ning, and Sejong agreed. In December, when the Shouren army arrived at Si'en, Lu Su and Wang Shou had already heard that Shouren had quelled the thieves and rebellion, and they were very frightened and surrendered to Wang Shouren.
In February of the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), Wang Shouren led the Huguang army to Nanning, and Lu Su and Wang Shougang surrendered and were willing to make meritorious service and redeem themselves. Wang Shouren then sent his ministers to discuss, and ordered Wang Qin, the deputy envoy of Huguang, Weng Su, the deputy envoy of Guangxi, Wu Tianting, and Zhang Jing, the general of staff, to command Xie Peijian Huguang to attack and suppress the rebels in Tengxia. After that, the governor still divided the Yongshun troops into the cattle intestines and other villages, and the Baojing soldiers entered the six temples and other villages, and made an appointment to arrive at the place on the second day of the fourth month.
At that time, the rebels heard of the arrival of the Ming army's Huhu Guangtu soldiers, and they all fled into danger; I also heard that Lu Su and Wang Shouren had surrendered, and Wang Shouren was stationed in Nanning, so he thought that Wang Shouren had dispersed all the troops to deploy the formation, so his precautions were relaxed. At this point, the Huguang soldiers all arrived at the gallop with the Ming army, attacking from all sides. The rebels were defeated, so they retreated to the Baoxian Mountain and settled the village. The officers and troops climbed the Muyuan cliff to attack, and then successively broke through the oil press, Shibi, Dapi and other places, and directly attacked the Broken Teng Gorge. Subsequently, Wang Shouren secretly transferred troops to suppress Sendai and other thieves, divided the Yongshun soldiers and Baojing soldiers into their own attack, and agreed to arrive at the lair on May 13. The rebels retreated to Yong'an Lishan, but were still defeated by the army besieged by Wang Shouren, and the army was beheaded by the deputy general Shen Xiyi. At this point, the rebels in Broken Tengxia were almost completely wiped out.
thought
Wang Shouren opposes the Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as immutable precepts, opposes blind obedience to feudal ethics and morality, and emphasizes individual initiative.
Great people are thinkers
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