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| Series of Short Biographies of the Southern and Northern Dynasties/ Occasional Updates/ Tan Bow (written) |
The last book said: The three killings of the emperor harvester Liu Yu: The King of Shu indulged
During Liu Yu's northern expedition to Southern Yan, Murong Chao, because he had previously stayed in Later Qin, sent emissaries to ask the Later Qin emperor Yao Xing for help, and Yao Xing thought about it and sent a general to lead troops to help, and sent emissaries to Liu Yu's camp, threatening Liu Yu, saying: "Murong Shi is good with his neighbors, and now that the Jin attack is urgent, Qin has sent 100,000 iron horses to Luoyang; the Jin army will not return, and when the long drive is advancing." (Zizhi Tongjian vol. 115). Unexpectedly, he was punched in the face by Liu Yu on the spot, and asked the emissary to go back and tell Yao Xing that after he destroyed Yan, he would go north to capture Luoyang and Guanzhong. If Yao Xing is willing to come and die now, please come quickly!
Yao Xing
<h1>One</h1>
Of course, in the end, Yao Xing withdrew his reinforcements to Southern Yan because Helian Bobo was making trouble in the rear; and Liu Yu did not send troops to destroy Qin after 3 years as he said, and it was already six years after the fall of Southern Yan after the real northern expedition began. Most people, including Wang Fuzhi, believe that Liu Yu's Northern Expedition after Qin was to increase political chips for usurpation; while a small number of people represented by Lü Simian believe that Liu Yu's Northern Expedition was still aimed at recovering his homeland, but the restrictions of later conditions did not succeed. Regardless of the purpose of Liu Yu's Northern Expedition, one thing is certain, that is, Later Qin was not a small state like Southern Yan and Shu Shu, in fact, after the collapse of Later Yan, Later Qin was once the only big country in the north that could compete with Northern Wei. The Later Qin emperor Yao Xing was not a generalist like Murong Chao and Murong Chao, who was good friends with the Buddhist giant Kumarosh and was proficient in Buddhism, and Later Qin was quite good at wenzhi martial arts under his rule.
Kumarosh
Former Qin's remnants of Yao Xing fought fiercely in Guanzhong with The Later Qin Wuzhao Emperor Yao Cang for eight years, winning and losing each other, and after Yao Cang's death, Yao Xing annihilated Yao Xing in half a year; after his initial ascension to the throne, various forces within the Qin regime disobeyed, Yao Xing secretly did not mourn, co-opted his uncle Yao Shuode, and put an internal crisis in three or two places; Sima Daozi's father and son were in disarray, Yao Xing's troops left Tongguan, captured Luoyang, and annexed Hou Qin north of the Huai River and HanShui; the northwestern states fought for the throne, And Yao Xing destroyed Western Qin, descended to Houliang, and Successively claimed vassals in Southern Liang, Northern Liang, and Western Liang. Yao Xing invited Kumarosh from Guzang to Chang'an to preach Buddhism, and for a time the State of Qin flourished.
Previously, Later Qin's biggest enemy in the north, Later Yan, had been seriously injured by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it can be said that at this time, Later Qin was called the first power in the north, and it seemed that it could follow in the footsteps of Former Qin to unify the north. However, the Battle of Chaibi shattered all this, and in the fourth year of the First Century (402), Yao Xingfa and Northern Wei fought, and the two sides met at Chaibi (present-day Xiangfennan, Shanxi), which eventually became Yao Xing's "Sanhepo", and the elite Qin and Qiang soldiers were wiped out, and they were no longer able to march east to fight against Northern Wei, and actually lost hope of capturing the Central Plains. The defeat of the war caused divisions within Later Qin, and in the ninth year of the Hongshi Dynasty (407), the Xiongnu Xia State established by Helian Bobo, which Yao Xing had taken in, in Shuofang, northern Qin, continued to harass Later Qin; in the eleventh year of the Hongshi Dynasty (409), Qifu Qian returned to restore Western Qin, and for a time the territory of Later Qin shrank greatly. At the same time, Southern Liang and Northern Liang also rebelled against Later Qin, Yao Xing fought in many ways and was exhausted, but still could not suppress the situation, under such circumstances, the qin state was slowly losing strength, and Yao Xing also lost his early years of hard work in endless troubles, relying on preaching with Kumarosh to numb himself.
It is impossible for such a Post-Qin dynasty to open up territory and expand the territory, but because Yao Xing, who has political means, is still able to protect himself. After Liu Yu's Northern Expedition, Qin must have a certainty of victory, and wait for a suitable time, Yao Xing finally died in the spring of the eighteenth year of the Hongshi Dynasty (416), and Liu Yu stepped on Yao Xing's corpse at the imperial court to announce that the war against Later Qin was about to begin.
<h1>Two</h1>
Before Yao Xing's death, internal contradictions in Later Qin had already broken out, and Yao Bi, the younger brother of the crown prince Yao Hong, took advantage of the old emperor's serious illness and wanted to lead troops to the palace to seize power, Yao Xing took the illness to quell the rebellion, exhausted his last breath, and the next day Yao Xing fell ill and died. After Yao Xing's death, The Duke of Nanyang, Yao Yan, and others plotted rebellion, and Yao Hong killed them all, winning another victory in which they were killed. The temporary internal calm was exchanged for the arrival of an external storm, and in May Liu Yu held a military parade in Jiankang and swore an oath to the Northern Expedition.
Yao Hong
On December 20, 416, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Northern Expedition led by Tan Daoji, Wang Zhenxi, and Shen Linzi arrived in Luoyang, and drained the water around Luoyang, and two days later, the lonely defenders of Luoyang decided to surrender, and the lost capital was returned to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It should also be that the Later Qin qi has been exhausted, the winter Yellow River in the north is not suitable for the southern army to march, moreover, the land in the Kwantung is lost, and Later Qin is still related to the middle, if you want to enter the pass, you have to face the two major barriers of Tongguan and Hanguguan, which is not enough with the current strength of the Northern Expedition forward, and according to Liu Yu's plan, the Northern Expedition forward should be stationed in Luoyang at this time to wait for the spring of next year, and the lieutenant Liu Yu personally led a large army to reinforce. However, the plan could not catch up with the change, Yao Hong had two younger brothers, Yao Yi of Zhenshou Hanguguan and Yao Hui of Zhenshou of the northern frontier of Later Qin, the domestic situation was now unstable, both younger brothers had the heart of disobedience, in the winter of the first year of Yonghe (416), Yao Yi launched a rebellion at Hanguguan in an attempt to kill Chang'an and replace Yao Hong; in the spring of the second year of Yonghe (417), Yao Hui raised an army in the north, and since there were no troops available in Guanzhong, Yao Hong, who was helpless, had to urgently recruit the defenders of HanguGuan and Tongguan to return to Guanzhong to quell the chaos.
Faced with such a favorable situation, several bold young men decided to take the risk and enter the guanzhong in advance without waiting for the arrival of the army. Originally, they planned to have Wang Zhenxian lead a force straight west and pounce on Tongguan; Tan Daoji and Shen Linzi led the rest of their troops to cross the river north and attack Pusaka (Yongji, Shanxi), intending to cross the Yellow River from Pusaka to the west, bypass Tongguan, and jump directly into the hinterland of Guanzhong. However, Tan Daoji and Shen Linzi had just crossed the Yellow River when they encountered stubborn resistance from the Pusaka defenders. Seeing that there was no hope of attacking Pusaka, they had to return to the same road and once again meet with Wang Zhen and march towards Tongguan together. Originally, such a rash and light advance should be very beneficial to Later Qin, and even Liu Yu was greatly dissatisfied with the actions of Tan Daoji and others after he knew it, because Later Qin was likely to take advantage of the fact that the army had not yet arrived to eliminate the Eastern Jin forwards.
However, just as a dynasty rises invincibility, the last year of a dynasty will usher in an undefeated war. The Qin army tried everything to destroy this army, attack their grain routes, cut off their water sources, and cut off their connection with the main force, but all their plans failed. When Liu Yu was on the north bank of the Yellow River, the world-famous "But Moon Array" to break through northern Wei, Wang Zhenxian and others had already breached Tongguan and waited for Liu Yu to arrive, and Later Qin's qi was really exhausted, and in July, a partial division of thousands of people led by Shen Tianzi met Yao Hong at Lantian Pass, and Yao Hong brought tens of thousands of troops and vowed to defend this last line of defense, so what, Shen Tianzi conquered Lantian Pass in one fell swoop, and Yao Hong fled back to Chang'an.
In August, when Liu Yu led the main force to Tongguan, Yao Hong was already trapped in the isolated city, Liu Yu took the advice of Wang Meng's grandson Wang Zhenxi, and sent him to lead the leading troops to raid Chang'an, in fact, where else was there any reinforcements needed? Liu Yu's large army had not yet reached Chang'an, and Wang Zhenyi, who had only more than 10,000 people, had already annihilated the last main force of Later Qin who wanted to destroy him, and successfully entered Chang'an City. Now it depends on Yao Hong's choice.
Yao Hong had no choice but to surrender to Liu Yu. His son Yao Fonian was only eleven years old, and he had been deeply favored by his grandfather by studying Buddhism with his grandfather Yao Xing since he was a child, and at this point, Buddha Nian saw through it and said to Yao Hong: "The Jin people will do what they want, and they will not be complete in the end, and they are willing to judge themselves." (Jin Shu Yao Hong zai)
Yao Hong was dazed and did not answer, so Yao Fonian climbed the palace wall and threw himself to death. Yao Hong did not have the courage to commit suicide, he rode in a sheep cart, flesh on the wall, carrying a coffin, just like a hundred years ago when Sima Yi, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, surrendered to Liu Cong, except that the last victory was by the Hu people, this time replaced by Liu Yu.
Yao Hong, like Murong Chao, was sent to the downtown area of Jiankang and beheaded, but Murong Chao was forgiven for being killed rather than surrendered, while Yao Hong, who voluntarily surrendered, did not survive, of course, Liu Yu also did not spare Later Qin's clan.
<h1>Three</h1>
The recovery of Chang'an is the peak of Liu Yu's life, in the past hundred years since the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved to the left, how many heroes Haojie wanted to achieve this brilliant goal, but in the end it became a regret for a lifetime, 63 years ago, the world-shaking big man could only sigh in Bashang, Liu Yu did it. Qixing was also suddenly dying, and who could have imagined that this was the biggest setback in Liu Yu's life. The so-called defeat does not lie in the fact that the land in Guanzhong has been gained and lost, but that the people's hearts and minds that have lost the last bit of "the remnants of the people and do not stick to the king" in Guanzhong are abandoned in Guanzhong.
More importantly, whether it was Wang Zhenxian and Shen Tianzi, who died of cannibalism, or Zhu Lingshi, Zhu Chaoshi, Fu Hongzhi, and Ku En, who died at the hands of Helian Bo, and Mao Xiuzhi, who was full of legends. In short, Liu Yu got the Southern Song Empire he wanted, but in a sense it can also be said that Liu Song lost all the Northern Expedition commanders. Liu Yilong, the third emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty, was the first person he wanted to kill every time he was seriously ill, and the root was also planted at this time.
References: Zizhi Tongjian, Book of Jin, Book of Song, On Liu Yu (Zhu Shaohou), History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin (Wang Zhongjie), History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Two Jin Dynasties (Lü Simian), History of Later Qin (Oqiong Dolma), Wolf Hall (Lü Qinghou)
END
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