Author: Sun Yingjie
In the long river of history, there is a person who makes the Jurchen nation worship and pride, he is the hero of the Jurchens, the founding emperor Jin Taizu completed Yan Akuta. He had a foundational significance for the rise of the Jurchens, the demise of the Khitans, and the unification of the north. He is highly capable among ethnic minority emperors, and is even known as the "perfect emperor" among ethnic minorities.
As everyone knows, this emperor who destroyed the Liao Dynasty initially submitted to the rule of the Khitans.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, starting from the ancestors</h1>
Ah Kuan was born in the East Sea Jurchen and The True Fusion Tribe of the Jurchen and the Jurchen Jurchen Tribe, his ancestor Han Pu, is the son-in-law of the Jurchen Jurchen Completed Yan Department of the East China Sea, and Han Pu's great-grandson Sui Ke led the family to migrate to the side of the An chu Hu Shui in order to escape the persecution of the indigenous people, and fused with the local wild female Zhen.
They taught the natives to burn charcoal to make iron, grow grain, build houses to influence the surrounding ministries, and establish initial tribal alliances. Sui Ke changed the living customs of the natives, and his son Shi Lu formulated dogma to restrain the tribesmen, causing dissatisfaction among the tribesmen, and Shi Lu migrated to the Qingling Baishan Mountains to co-opt the surrounding tribes through the benefits obtained from foreign conquest and plunder.
That is to say, starting from Shi Lu, accepting the title of Khitan Liao, officially becoming the eagle dog of the Liao state, Shi Lu's son Ugunai was even more fierce and cunning, for the Liao state to recruit other Jurchen tribes, strengthen their own power, and was also appointed by the Liao state as the emissary of the Jurchen tribe.
However, Ugunai, who had slipped his head, never joined the Liao.
This Ugunai is the grandfather of the completed Yan Akuta, jin Jingzu completed the Yan Ugunai. In fact, the heroes of the Liao Dynasty had already submitted to the Liao State from the beginning of their ancestors, so why did they rebel against the control of the Liao State?
Ah Kuanta has been different since childhood, his strength can withstand several people, his demeanor is dignified and stable, and when he becomes an adult, he is also benevolent in managing the Jurchen tribe, and he is very valued by his father, but he has never had the heart to rebel against the Liao. However, Liao's control over the jurchens was not as good as a dynasty, and by the time of Yelü Yanxi, it was even more extravagant and extravagant, so as to enjoy great achievements. Because of his unwiseness, the rulers of the Liao State were miasmas within themselves, and the traitors were in charge, and the chaos was chaotic. Xianzhou City was the trade distribution center at that time, and the Liao people plundered the Jurchens here.
At the same time, it also forced the Jurchens to make unequal transactions, and the most intolerable thing for the Jurchens was the so-called "silver angel" of the Liaoguo. The silver-medal angels were privileged officials sent by the Liao state to the Jurchen region, and they were arrogant and lascivious, playing with Jurchen women at will, and even the women of the Jurchen nobles' families were not spared. Not only the Jurchens, but also the Khitan themselves are also full of complaints from all over the country, and the hearts of the people are turned back.
In the Liao Kingdom, Ah Bone played chess with a Liao magnate, and the Liao magnate went wrong and had to forcibly repent of the chess. Ah Kuan ta resolutely refused to let go, the magnate repeatedly pestered, Ah Kuan hit could not stand it, immediately pulled out a saber to kill the magnate. After Yan Lou was just around, he suddenly pressed the sheath of the knife that Ah Bone was wearing. Ah Kuanda couldn't pull out his sabre, so he casually hit the chest of the Liao magnate with the handle of the sword. When Emperor Daozong of Liao learned of this, he was furious, and the ministers took the opportunity to add oil and vinegar to persuade Emperor Daozong of Liao to kill Ah Kuan. Emperor Daozong of Liao only said, "We have shown our faith to cherish the distant places, and we must not kill them." Although Ah Kuan da escaped the disaster, he also planted a seed of rebellion in his heart.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, Xianzhou City, which makes Ah Bone fight and hate and fear</h1>
In the second year of Liaotianqing, Yelü Yanxi traveled all the way from Linquan Province in Shangjing to hold the "Spring Bowl" ceremony (捺钵, Khitan language, meaning walking tent, camp, is the Khitan monarch's palace when traveling, that is, temporary residence. Come to the "Mixed River Palace" located on the left bank of the lower reaches of the Nen River, also known as the "Head Fish Feast" set up by the Shaoyang Chuanxing, to receive worship and tribute from the leaders of the nearby tribes.
Since Shaoyang Chuanxing was the only emperor's "Spring Bowl" palace on the left bank of the Songnen River, the Jurchen tribal leader Guanyan Akuta, who was hundreds of miles away, also came to pay homage to the Emperor of the Liao State. Who knew that when Yerushalayim was drunk, he forced the tribal leaders to dance for him in turn.
He was very angry to see the emperor teasing the leaders of the various tribes, the leader of the Jurchen tribe, Guanyan Akuta. When it was his turn to dance, Ah Kuan would not be able to push away and refused to obey, which annoyed the Liao Emperor Yelü Yanxi. So he ordered that The complete Yan Bone be thrown out of the big tent and beheaded, and the ministers next to him and the leaders of the various tribes knelt down together to intercede for ah bone, and Yelü Yanxi spared Ah Bone from beating him to death.
This exoneration of the death penalty did not know that two years later it would lead to the surrender of the Great Liaojiangshan. The "Head Fish Feast" is an accelerator for Ah Bone's heart to fight against the Liao. After returning, Ah Kuanda strengthened his determination to oppose the Liao, began to prepare, and sent his subordinates to inquire into the falsehood of the Liao, and learned that the military discipline of the Liao Dynasty was in ruins and political corruption.
However, after the first fish feast, the Khitan people also became wary of Ah Kuan and Jurchen, and began to mobilize troops to prevent Jurchen. Ah Kuanta said to his subordinates: "The Liao people know that we will raise troops to attack him, so now we must concentrate a large army to defend us, we must preemptively attack people, not be subject to people."
After returning to the tribe from the palace, Ah Kuanta secretly discussed the anti-Liao affairs with several brothers such as Wu Begmai, Sticky Han and Hu She, and after discussion, the brothers reached an anti-Liao agreement. From September onwards, yan a bone was no longer commanded, and thus began to build castles to build weapons, recruit new soldiers, annex various tribes in the vicinity that disobeyed themselves, and expand their power. Zhao San and Ah Huchan, the leaders of the Huiba Jurchen Clan and the Shunguo Jurchen Clan, refused to return to Ah Kuan, and Ah Kuan took their families captive.
Zhao San and Ah Huchan appealed to Xianzhou, which was obviously a provocation by Ah Kuan to fight against the Liao, but the faint yelü Yanxi made people postpone the handling of this matter. Xianzhou Xiangwenji summoned Ah Kuan several times, but he did not go away from the illness. Suddenly, one day, five hundred cavalry under the command of Ah Kuanta suddenly came to the city of Xianzhou, which made the officials and people very panicked, wondering what this mighty Jurchen had brought a wave of people and horses to do? It turned out that Ah Kuan had come to Liaoxian Prefecture to negotiate right and wrong with Zhao San and others to find detailed officials to judge right and wrong, and as a result, Ah Kuan took care of Qu, but he ran away with his men. And the letter defended that Xianzhou Xiangwen (official name) did not have good intentions and wanted to kill him.
Xianzhou City, the place where Jurchen was managed in those years, was a place that Made Ah Bone fight and hate and fear.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, careful preparation before the war</h1>
In October of the third year of Tianqing (1113), Ah Kuanta succeeded his brother Wu Yashu as the head of the alliance, and was called Du Bo Ji Lie. Such titles were all approved and notified by the Liao State, but Ah Kuan did not report it, so he appointed himself, and the Liao envoy Ah Shi Bao came to ask Ah Kuan Why he did not complain about the funeral, and he was still very unconvinced, and asked: "If there is a mourning, it cannot be hung, but it is a crime?"
Liao was helpless against this tough attitude towards him, but it also dragged on for more than a year before he began to send an envoy to order him to ascend the throne as the envoy of the true festival of the virgin daughter. "Jiedushi Envoy" was an official position granted to Ah Kuan by the Liao Dynasty, and Du Bo Ji Lie was the title given to the leader by the Jurchens themselves. Ah Kuanta had won many battles in order to consolidate the Alliance of the Completed Yan Department, so there were also officials of the Liao Dynasty who were called important figures in the military strength of the Completed Yan Department. By the time Akuta succeeded to the throne, the alliance of the Jurchen tribes had been consolidated. There was enough strength to rise up against liao oppression. In his heart, a storm of destruction between the white mountains and black waters had quietly come.
In June of the fourth year of Tianqing (1114), Ah Kuanta sent Xi Gunai and others to the Liao Dynasty to ask Ah Shu, the minister of Xingxian Shuishi Lie, who had fled to the Liao Dynasty, in order to probe the internal unreality of the Liao Dynasty. Xi Gu nai returned the liao Tianzuo Emperor's arrogant and ruined rule. Ah Kuan built a castle, repaired equipment, and prepared to conquer the Liao Dynasty in the south. Emperor Tianzuo of Liao ordered the commander Xiao Tart to lead the Khitan and 800 Bohai soldiers into Ningjiang Prefecture to guard. Ah Kuanta mobilized the armies of various tribes and decided to attack the Liao.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, win every battle</h1>
In September of the fourth year of Liaotianqing (1114 AD), Yan Akuta gathered 2,500 soldiers and horses from various Jurchen tribes to swear to liao (present-day The mouth of the Lalin River near the Buyeo Stone Stele Weizitun in Jilin Province). Ah Kuanta led the soldiers to sacrifice to heaven and earth, and took the oath, saying: "You work with one heart and one mind, and those who have meritorious service can be civilians, and civilians can be officials." Those who previously had official positions may be promoted according to the size of their merits. If you break your oath and die, your family will not be pardoned. ”
The next day, he marched toward Jiangzhou, Liaoning (present-day Xiaochengzi, southeast of Buyeo, Jilin), reached the Liao border, and met the Bohai Army. Ah Bone shot and killed the Liao general Yelü Xie ten, and the Liao army collapsed, and the dead were 78 out of 10. In October, the Jurchen soldiers took advantage of the victory to capture the city of Ningjiang Prefecture and won the initial war against the Liao.
Ah Kuanta also sent people to surrender the Tieli tribe under the liao dynasty, the Bohai people and the Jurchens of Liao nationality (compiled into the Liao nationality of The Jurchens), and Ah Kuanta captured a large number of horses and property, and returned to the division in victory.
In November, the Liao Dynasty capital Xiao Sixian and the deputy governor Xiao Wuna led a large army of various roads to attack Jurchen, concentrating on The Yazi River. Ah Kuan led 3,700 troops to the enemy. The Liao soldiers were preparing to cross the river, and the Jurchen army retreated head-on, taking advantage of the situation to cross the river and land on the shore. The two armies met at the River Shop. The wind would blow and the dust would cover the sky, and the Jurchen army would take advantage of the situation to attack, defeat the Liao soldiers, and capture a large number of carriages, horses, armor, and weapons. Ah Kuanta incorporated the captured Liao soldiers into the Jurchen Army. The Jurchen Army grew to 10,000 men. The Battle of Izukawadian was a decisive battle, and the Jurchen army won a successful victory and was overwhelming.
The Khitan exclaimed, "If the Jurchens are full of ten thousand, they are invincible!" (Jin Shi Taizu Benji)
The development of Jurchen slavery and the expansion of foreign captivity have increasingly pushed the old system of clan tribes to the end of history. The conditions are ripe for the establishment of an organ of class oppression, the state. In the fourth year of Tianqing (1114), after Ah Kuan's army was victorious and killed the Liao general Yelü Xie for ten years, the Minister of State, Sa Gai, sent his eldest sons Yan Zonghan and Huan Duzi To finish Yan Xiyin and others (Huan Du had died of illness at the time of Wu Ya Shu) to propose to Ah Kuan to establish a state as emperor. In the same year, after the Jurchen army successively captured Pennsylvania and Xianzhou, Ah Kuan's brother Wu Begmai and Sa Gai and Ci Bu Lost supported Ah Kuan to establish the country.
On the First Day of the first month of the summer calendar in 1115, Ah Kuan Ta was the emperor's throne, and established a slave-owned state, the name of the country was Dajin, ah kuan ta was Jin Taizu, and the name of the year was established to receive the country.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, to create the history of Jurchen civilization</h1>
After several years of fighting, Ah Kuan da successfully beat the Tianzuo Emperor and fled in all directions. The Liao Dynasty eventually came to an end. Although Ah Kuan's days as emperor were all conquests, he also perfected the Jurchen Meng'an Mouke system in the process, stipulating that three hundred is one Mou Ke, and that Mou Ke is one Meng'an, which further strengthens the centralization of power.
At the same time, Ah Kuan Ta also carried out certain reforms in response to social ills, and in terms of law, Ah Kuan Ta abolished the distinction between the rich and the poor. This freed civilians from the possibility of becoming slaves and fundamentally guaranteed the state's supply of soldiers. In addition, in order to improve the quality of the population, Akuta also formulated a eugenics and fertility policy, completely abolished primitive tribal marriages, and strictly prohibited Jurchens from marrying with the same surname! The quality of the Jurchen population has been greatly improved! This is also the earliest national policy on population fertility in China.
Especially in terms of culture, Ah KuanTa created the Jurchen script modeled on Chinese characters, and he also attached great importance to Han intellectuals and collected a large number of Han books to learn! Add a brilliant new constellation to the blank starry sky of Jurchen literature. The history of the Jurchen clan thus began a new period, and also made Yan Ah Bone a legendary hero in history.
【Author's Profile】Sun Yingjie, who likes to soothe the soul with words, is a member of the Chifeng Association, a member of the Inner Mongolia Poetry Association, and an editorial board member of Jianhou Media. His works have been published in newspapers and periodicals, as well as in poetry anthology.
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