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There has been controversy over whether the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties counted as one dynasty and the duration of the Han Dynasty. Some argue that both the Western and Eastern Han dynasties were ruled by the Liu family and should therefore be considered a dynasty. The other school believes that Liu Xiu, the emperor of Han Guangwu, won the throne by virtue of his own ability, and that there was a new dynasty of Wang Mang in between, so the Western Han and Eastern Han should be regarded as two separate dynasties. While there is truth to both views, upon closer examination, the second seems difficult to justify. Xiaoyu believes that this view lacks the following three grounds:
First, both Liu Bang and Liu Xiu set the name of the country as "Han". Both Liu Bang and Liu Xiu, when establishing the dynasty, adopted the character "Han" as the national name, and there was no distinction between the Western Han and the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, later generations called it the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties, mainly to facilitate historical records. It is worth pointing out that similar situations are not uncommon in Chinese history. For example, the Tang Dynasty was also divided twice in history, but no one divided it into a pre-Tang and a post-Tang.
Second, Liu Xiu himself admitted that the two Han families were one. After Liu Xiu restored the rule of the Han Dynasty, he went to Mount Tai to seal Zen, and he made it clear that he was ordering Zhongxing, not creating a new dynasty. If he considered himself the founding king, he would not call himself Emperor Guangwu of Han, but should be called Emperor Gaozu of Han. Thus, the wording in Liu Xiu's sealing text suggests that he considered himself the successor of the Han Dynasty, not its founder.
Third, the people miss the Han Dynasty in their hearts. Many people believe that the Western Han and Eastern Han dynasties were not dynasties because they believed that Liu Xiu had seized the world entirely on his own merit and was an entrepreneurial prince, not a successor. However, these people did not consider that Liu Xiu's Han clan status won him great support. Just like Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period, he also attracted many supporters by virtue of his status as a clan of the Han family, and eventually established the Shu Han. Therefore, the status of the Han clan was extremely attractive at that time. To sum up, the Western Han and Eastern Han should be regarded as one dynasty, and they are called the Western Han and Eastern Han respectively, only because the capital cities of the two Han dynasties were located in Chang'an in the west and Luoyang in the east.
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