Speaking of national sinners in history, Shi Jingyao in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period definitely ranked in the top five, because of one of his shameless measures, the originally rich and prosperous Central Plains of China was bullied by foreign tribes in the north for hundreds of years. Some people may not know what he did, in fact, there is nothing, that is, the youyun sixteen states were ceded to the Khitan Liao state; the area of the sixteen states of Youyun is not large, but the geographical location is extremely important, because this is the starting point of the Great Wall.
The history of the Great Wall has a long history, in the Spring and Autumn Warring States, or earlier periods, the various princes on the northern border in order to resist the invasion of the steppe barbarians, have begun to build fortifications; after Qin Shi Huang unified the world, it took a lot of people's efforts to connect the fortifications built by various countries, and the Great Wall of Ten Thousand Miles began to take shape; since then, many dynasties have successively perfected the construction of the Great Wall, until the Ming Dynasty is the end, so the Great Wall is a miracle in human history.
The Great Wall is a barrier in the Central Plains of China, and the forces north of the Great Wall want to go south to plunder, first of all, to break through the Great Wall, but throughout history, the Great Wall has been broken through very few times, which shows the importance of the Great Wall. In the last years of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitans in the northeast rose up, and although they also wanted to take advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains to share a piece of the pie, and even occupy the Central Plains and drink the Yellow River, they were blocked by the dense fortifications of Youyun Sixteen Prefectures.
Moreover, anyone with a slightly clearer mind will not give up the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, after all, infighting is internal strife, and if it attracts foreign prisoners, it is a national sinner, and no one dares to bear this responsibility. But just when the Khitan Emperor Yelü Deguang was at a loss, Shi Jingyao sent people to come, and he still sent a big traitor, a traitor who was worse than Shi Jingyao, Sang Weihan; listening to the name, many people thought he was a Khitan person, but in fact he was a Han chinese who was a true child, and his father was still a general.
However, because of this Sang Weihan's ugly appearance and short body and long face, his development has not been satisfactory, but he did not expect that Shi Jingyao regarded him as a confidant. I don't know whether this Sang Weihan was really grateful to Shi Jingyao, or the lord of the pit of strength, when Shi Jingyao was in danger, he sent an envoy to the Khitan and reached an agreement with the Khitan: Cede youyun Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitan and pay tribute to a large amount of property every year, calling himself a son of the country. Later, with the help of the Khitan Liao state, Shi Jingyao established the Later Jin dynasty, not only ceding youyun sixteen prefectures to the Liao state, but also calling himself "Emperor Er".
In other words, who is this Shi Jingyao, and why did he do this? What is unthinkable is that there are even people who justify Shi Jingyao's behavior, saying that Shi Jingyao was forced to call him "Son" by cutting off the land of the Khitan Liao State, on the grounds that Shi Jingyao was a fierce general who greatly admired Li Mu and Zhou Yafu, and Li Mu and Zhou Yafu must have known to many people that one was the only good general in the Warring States period who last supported the crisis in the Zhao State, known as "Li Mu died, Zhao Guo died"; and Zhou Yafu was a key figure in quelling the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.
Moreover, Shi Jingyao did this in his early years, he was extremely loyal to both Li Siyuan and Li Cunyao, and repeatedly risked his life to save Li Siyuan and Li Cunyao, and he had courage and strategy in battle, so he quickly rose; after Li Cunyao's death, Li Siyuan succeeded to the throne as emperor, for the sake of Later Tang Mingzong, Li Siyuan took special care of Shi Jingyao, a brave and loyal son-in-law, at that time Shi Jingyao's position was Heyang Jiedushi as the deputy envoy of the Six Armies, Shizhong, Taiyuan Yin, Beijing Left Guard, Hedong Jiedu Envoy, Datong, Zhenwu, Zhangguo, Wei Sai and other places of the army of the Han Ma infantry commander, given the title of "dedication to Kuang Yun Ningguo Meritorious Hero", and grasped the military and political power in Hedong, the area of origin of the Later Tang Dynasty.
It can be said that Shi Jingyao was the "Earth Emperor" in Hebei at this time, and it is not an exaggeration to say that he was powerful; after Li Siyuan's death, Li Congke succeeded to the throne, and this Li Congke did not trust Shi Jingyao as much as his adoptive father Li Siyuan, he thought that Shi Jingyao was hypocritical, loyal on the surface, but secretly ambitious, but for such a great hero, he did not directly attack, but only tested; as a result, Shi Jingyao did indeed show his horse's feet, and Li Congke also had already taken precautions, although Shi Jingyao's strength was strong. But it is still not Li Congke's opponent.
Soon, Shi Jingyao was besieged by Li Congke's heavy troops, and when he was in danger, Shi Jingyao sent his confidant Sang Weihan to the Khitan Liaoguo; for Shi Jingyao's behavior of "cutting the soil and recognizing his father", Shi Jingyao's confidant Liu Zhiyuan was quite opposed at that time, and he believed that "it is possible to call a subject a minister, to be too much for his father's affairs, to bribe him with gold, to be self-sufficient, not to allow his soil to be a field, for fear that the future will be a great trouble for China, and there will be no regret." Unfortunately, Shi Jingyao insisted on going his own way.
Although he later used the help of the Khitan to destroy the Later Tang and establish the Later Jin, few people obeyed him, such as the Datong Jiedu envoy Wu Luan, the Tianxiong Jiedu envoy Fan Tingguang, the Eastern Capital Inspector Zhang Congbin, the Chengde Jiedu envoy An Chongrong, and the heavy army Liu Zhiyuan, and so on; and the internal guard general Yang Guangyuan, who was proud of his heavy troops, interfered in the government and politics, and repeatedly resisted, forcing Shi Jingyao to often submit to it; in short, when the emperor came to Shi Jingyao's position, he was really depressed, so Shi Jingyao's emperor did not last long, and he died in anger.
Although this Shi Jingyao died a hundred times, the Khitan Liao state occupied youyun sixteen prefectures and the places of Pingzhou, Ningzhou, Yingzhou and Yizhou that were acquired before and after, and often plundered from the south, while the Central Plains had few horses, which were difficult to compete with the Khitan cavalry, so they suffered repeated losses; it was not until the later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong period that there was only a little chance to retake Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, but unfortunately before the plan was completed, Chai Rong suddenly died of illness, and the Northern Song Dynasty and the subsequent Southern Song Dynasty have not been able to retake Youyun Sixteen Prefectures and have been bullied.
Is this Shi Jingyao really forced? Obviously not, although I don't know if he had premeditated or whether he had ambitions as his power grew, no matter what kind of factors, from the fact that Shi Jingyao could take the initiative to propose to the Khitan Emperor Yelü Deguang the conditions for ceding Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, calling himself Emperor Er, and paying tribute to a large amount of property every year, this was something he had planned earlier, or that he had consulted with the Khitan side, so it is said that Shi Jingyao, a sinner of eternity, cannot be washed away.