There was a tragic incident in the history of the Party, that is, yuan Wencai Wang Zuo, known as Jinggang Shuangxiong, was wrongfully killed.
In September 1927, after the autumn harvest uprising led by Mao Zedong was severely defeated, he led the remnants of the rebel army to the Jinggangshan area of Jiangxi, and incorporated two peasant self-defense armies, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo's troops were merged into the Second Regiment of the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, with Yuan Wencai as the regimental commander, Wang Zuo as the deputy regimental commander, and He Changgong as the party representative. Since then, the two local armed forces on the former Jinggang Mountain have become part of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and the Green Forest Army has embarked on the revolutionary road. As soon as the troops were reorganized, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo led their troops to participate in the battle of Xincheng, the first annihilation battle of the Jinggangshan army and people against the Kuomintang regular army, and won a great victory.
In April 1928, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De met in victory in Ninggang City. The 2nd Regiment led by Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo was organized into the 32nd Regiment, which served as regimental commander and deputy regimental commander respectively. The 32nd Regiment made outstanding contributions in the process of building and defending the Jinggangshan base area and won a high degree of trust from the party. Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were also elected as members of the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army at the same time and entered the army
The highest leadership of the team. At the two congresses of the Xianggan Border Party held in May and October, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were both elected as members of the special committee twice. Their residence on Jinggangshan was also stipulated as a permanent and reliable communications office for the Party Central Committee to contact. Mao Zedong wrote to the central government in Yongxincheng to inform: "Our permanent communication office: Yuan Wencai of Ninggang, Wang Zuo of Jinzhu mountain in the ningning boundary of the big and small five wells. ”
The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow in June and July 1928. Due to the limitations of historical development, the Six Congresses of the Party have insufficient understanding of the characteristics of the Chinese revolution, the central issues of the Chinese revolution, the enemies of the Chinese revolution, and the focus of the Party's work. The Sixth Congress adopted the Resolution on the Question of the Organization of Soviet Power. In this resolution, the question of the arming of bandits is stipulated as follows: "The alliance of groups similar to the armed bandits (i.e., the alliance with which they form a united front) may be exploited before the armed uprising, after which it is advisable to disarm them and to suppress them severely"; ”
In the winter of 1928, the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee sent the six major resolutions to Jinggangshan. The fate of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, who had been bandit leaders, was precarious.
Mao Zedong maintained a sober mind on how the central resolutions should be implemented and implemented, and advocated seeking truth from facts. In early 1929, Mao Zedong presided over the Bailu Conference. During the Bailu Conference, Mao Zedong summoned Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Tan Zhenlin, Wang Huai, Long Chaoqing, and others to convey the six major resolutions. Wang Huai of the Yongxin County CPC Committee and Long Chaoqing of the Ninggang County CPC Committee, who had always been at odds with Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, resolutely advocated the killing of Yuan Wencai on the grounds of the spirit of the resolution.
Mao Zedong did not advocate the killing of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. He said in a serious tone: Yuan Wencai was originally a member of the Communist Party, and although he made some mistakes, he could not be killed; although Wang Zuo was not originally a party member, he used to oppose the landlord Hao Gentry, but now he has been transformed and joined the party, and his nature has changed. They welcomed us, supported us, helped us make a home in Jinggangshan, and gave the troops a good rest, and they were all credited.
After Mao Zedong's repeated work, the meeting finally decided not to kill Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. The resolution decided to separate the two of them, Yuan Wencai was changed to chief of staff of the Red Fourth Army, and set out for Gannan with the army, and Wang Zuo was promoted to the commander of the Thirty-second Regiment and insisted on Jinggangshan.
Yuan Wencai, who had been transferred to Gannan, returned to Jinggangshan and served as a standing committee member of the Cpc Ninggang County CPC Committee and the commander of the county Red Guard Brigade. Therefore, Yuan Wencai led the Ninggang Red Guard Brigade and Wang Zuo's independent First Regiment to cooperate with each other and threw themselves into the struggle to recover the border, remaining loyal to the Party and the Red Army.
After Mao Zedong, who protected Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, left Jinggangshan, the situation at Jinggangshan became confusing again. Although the Bailu Conference presided over by Mao Zedong explicitly made the decision not to kill Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, stemming from the contradiction between the Native And Hakka nationalities, the comrades of the Xianggan-Gansu Border Special Committee and some comrades of the Yongxin and Ninggang County PARTY Committees began to implement the resolutions of the Six Congresses, insisting that Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were "bandit leaders" and must be eliminated.
Hakka, that is, hakka, Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai's ancestors all fled their hometowns and migrated from the north to this place in order to escape the war in the north. Because the local "natives" occupy a flat area suitable for farming, the Hakka can only live in the mountainous areas that the natives do not want to live in, and they are also oppressed and exploited by the local gentry landlords. In this regard, Mao Zedong made it very clear in his article "The Struggle at Jinggangshan Mountain": "The Hakka occupation of the mountainous land, oppressed by the indigenous people occupying the flat land, has no political rights. In the National Revolution of the previous year and last year, the guests welcomed it, thinking that there was a day in the beginning. Unexpectedly, the revolution failed, and the Hakka were oppressed by the natives. In our region, Ninggang, Suichuan, Suixian and Chaling all have the problem of native nationality, and the problem of Ninggang is the most serious. From the previous year to last year, ninggang's Turkish revolutionaries combined with hakka nationality, and under the leadership of the Communist Party, overthrew the regime of the local gentry and took control of the whole county. In June last year, the Government of Zhu Peide in Jiangxi Counter-revolution, in September, Hao Gentry led Zhu Peide's army to 'attack' Ninggang and re-provoke the struggle between the Turkish and Hakka people. ”
At that time, the situation of the revolutionary struggle in Jinggangshan was very complicated, and there were always intricate contradictions between the Turkish and Hakka nationalities. When some Communist Party members speak and do things, they often do not stand on the side of the poor peasants of the Turks, but the Turkish people stand on the side of the Turkish nationality, and the guests stand on the side of the guests. As these disputes accumulated, they eventually led to the former alliance of Long Chaoqing (secretary of the Ninggang County CPC Committee) and Yuan Wencai. The Ninggang County CPC Committee talked about three things in the "Investigation Report on the Wrongful Killing of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo", and from one side we can see how the confrontation between the two nationalities of Tugang and Hakka was intensified in the process of the revolution unfolding:
First, the opposition around personnel power. The first chairman of the Workers' and Peasants' and Soldiers' Government of Ninggang County was WenGenzong, who was born in the land, and after the end of Wengenzong's term, the Ganjin Emperor, who was born as a guest, succeeded him as chairman. However, a month later, the party committee, which was mostly indigenous, dismissed The Ganjin Emperor on the grounds that he had low culture and poor ability.
Second, the confrontation around "fighting local tycoons" is the same. With the deepening of the agrarian revolutionary struggle, the Ninggang County Peasants' Association decided to target the struggle against 8 local tycoons who were at large, including 6 natives and 2 guests. In this regard, the party members and the masses of the Turkish nationality feel that the Turkish nationality has suffered losses and are deeply dissatisfied.
Third, the burning of Xunfeng Academy. The children of natives and guests in Ninggang County were in different schools: the school Feng Academy was the largest school run by the natives, and Yuan Wencai burned it down because it was the base camp of the local tycoons and inferior gentry, which caused some turks to be dissatisfied. Long Chaoqing and Yuan Wencai had a big quarrel over this matter. In this struggle for ethnic interests, the guest nationals who hold military power have the upper hand, and the natives who hold the party power temporarily have the upper hand.
In late January 1930, the Xianggan-Gansu Border Special Committee, the Ganxi Special Committee, and the Military Commission of the Fifth Red Army held a joint meeting in Yutian, Suichuan County, and Peng Qingquan, a central inspector who was on the Xianggan-Gansu border, presided over the meeting. The meeting made a decision to resolve Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo by force.
In early 1930, Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai captured Luo Keshao, the leader of the Chaling Jingwei Regiment, alive, and also captured more than 20 gun workers and some gun-making machines. Without consulting the special committee, they took matters into their own hands, persuaded Luo Keshao to surrender, and planned to use them to set up an arsenal, but the special committee decided that Yuan and Wang were colluding with the enemy, and this incident became the fuse for the killing of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo.
It is not an easy task to get rid of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. The Thirty-second Regiment of the Red Fourth Army controlled by Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo had more than 1,000 soldiers, more than 700 guns, and an arsenal. Therefore, the special committee planned to lure Yuan and Wang to yongxin county, and then use Peng Dehuai's Red Fifth Army, which was cruising on the border between Anfu and Yongxin, to do it again. They knew that Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo listened to Mao Zedong the most, so they stole Mao Zedong's name and gave Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai a letter of repair, and Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai led their troops to merge at Yongxin County on February 22, and then cooperated with the Red Fifth Army to jointly attack Ji'an. They also sent people to the headquarters of Peng Dehuai's Fifth Red Army and told Peng Dehuai that "Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo want to defect," "At the joint meeting of Yongxin County, they forced the special committee to decide to give the local armed forces in the border areas under their reorganization and command," and so on.
Peng Dehuai believed that this was true, so he sent Zhang Chunqing to lead more than 300 people of the fourth column of the Fifth Red Army to accompany Zhu Changkai to Yongxin County to solve Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. At the same time, the special committee also transferred the Red Guards of Ninggang, Chaling, Suichuan, and other five counties to Yongxin County, and surrounded the residences of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. Yuan Wencai was shot and killed in bed. Wang Zuo heard the movement and jumped out of the window, but unfortunately fell into the Dongguan Pond and drowned. The two heroes of Jinggangshan were wrongfully killed in this way, the sky was speechless, and the green mountains were hanging down.
When the news of the murder of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo came out, Mao Zedong, who had turned to Gannan, was overwhelmed with regret when he heard about it, and sighed: "These two people killed the wrong person." In 1936, Mao Zedong said of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo when talking to Edgar Snow about security guards: "Although these two men had been bandits in the past, they led the army to join the revolution and prepare to fight against the reactionaries. During my time at Jinggangshan, they were loyal Communists and carried out the Party's orders."
In 1950, the Jiangxi Provincial People's Government of New China posthumously recognized Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo as revolutionary martyrs. After many years of historical injustice, we finally have a proper conclusion. On May 22, 1965, Mao Zedong revisited his hometown of Jinggangshan. At the Jinggangshan Hotel, Mao Zedong met with Yuan Wencai's wife Xie Meixiang and Wang Zuo's wife, Lan Xilian. As soon as they met, Mao Zedong tightly held the hands of the two old men, affectionately called them "Sister-in-law Yuan" and "Sister-in-law Wang", and said to them affectionately: "Your relatives have made meritorious contributions during the Jinggangshan struggle, and they have made contributions to the Chinese revolution." ”
After Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were eliminated as counter-revolutionaries, they brought about very serious consequences, that is, the Party and the Red Army lost the hearts of the people in Jinggangshan for a long time, and Jinggangshan fell into the hands of the enemy for 19 years, until September 1949, when it was recovered by the troops of the 18th Army of the 4th Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, formerly known as the Zhumao Red Army. (Liu Jixing)
