The author | the most beautiful author team in history - Jia Mei'er
Word count: 1972, Reading time: about 3 minutes
The power of the Shang Dynasty reached its peak in the era of the male lord Wu Ding. But what we can hardly imagine is that in the decades before Wuding, the Shang Dynasty had entered a period of turmoil, the nobles brutally oppressed the people, the royal family was in turmoil, and it was even more invaded and threatened by the Dongyi tribe in the east.
US President Trump once shouted: Let America be great again! He didn't do it, and his promises became lies. However, thousands of years ago, a Shang king succeeded in reviving the Shang Dynasty, making the Shang Dynasty great again, and the Shang Dynasty's state was thus as long as 554 years.
▲Pan Geng
He is Pan Geng, and what we want to tell today is the famous story of Pan Geng's migration.
By the time Pan Geng succeeded to the throne, the capital of the Shang Dynasty had been moved from Bo (Shangqiu, where the Shang Dynasty made its fortunes) to Erligang, Zhengzhou, Henan, also known as the Erligang culture (also believed to be in Qufu, Shandong, but archaeology denies this record). Don't look at Zhengzhou seems to be a new city, in fact, it is also the number one ancient capital of several dynasties, which was very important in ancient times.
Zhengzhou has developed transportation here, the land is flat, and the north of the Yellow River is suitable for irrigation, so Erligang was used for a long time as the capital of the Shang Dynasty. However, with the multiplication of the Shang people, the population near the capital was increasing, the land could not feed so many people, and the Yellow River repeatedly flooded and flooded, which also caused great losses to agricultural production. The scale of the flood, look at the flood in Zhengzhou not long ago.
The wealth produced was not distributed enough, and the nobles began to brutally exploit the countrymen (commoners) as the foundation of the state, and also participated in the royal family struggle in order to fight for power and profit, causing the famous "Rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty", the great merchant Wang Qi was a bloody rain, the surrounding Fang countries took the opportunity to rebel, and foreign enemies also took the opportunity to invade and take advantage of the fire.
Pan Geng is not a monarch who gets by and dreams of death. He deeply saw the great crisis of the Shang Dynasty under ease. He decided to jump out and go to the place where the nobles were weak! Go to a place where land is abundant and natural disasters are few!
Therefore, Pan Geng looked at Yin north of the Yellow River. In general, the farther north, there will be less flooding.
However, Zhengzhou Shangcheng was operated by the Shang clan for so many years, the palace city was built magnificently, and archaeology found that the bronze culture in the Erligang site was very developed.
The nobles did not want to move the capital, and they were in love with their extravagant lives and the power to kill the common people. They even incited civilians and opposed the relocation of the capital.
Pan Geng knew that if the capital was forcibly moved, it was likely to trigger a civil war. Although the Shang Dynasty plate is large, after a long period of civil strife, it has long become an empty shell, and pan Geng's hands can not grasp much power, if the civil war is really not necessarily able to fight. What's more, the surrounding ill-intentioned Fang Guo and the barbarians in the east may take advantage of the fire and loot.
Questions ahead? What to do? Meals should be stuttered, and things should be done step by step. Pan Geng did not move to Yin as soon as he came up, he decided to save the country and move the capital to the west of Luoyang Yanshi.
What is Xibo? Luoyang was the capital of the Xia Dynasty, and the erlitou ruins were excavated there. Although Shang Tang was bound to be in his old nest, Shangqiu (亳), he also built a capital in Luoyang, called Xi Bo. Xi Bo was not too desolate there, and moving to Xi Bo could be said to be the first king of Shifa, who was politically correct and could block the mouths of the nobles. Later generations of reforms often carried the banner of the first king of the Fa, and this wisdom was learned from Pan Geng.
The nobles had no choice, so they abandoned their land near the Erligang Mall in Zhengzhou and moved with Pangeng to Xibo. But as mentioned earlier, the Western Bo side is the capital of the Shang Dynasty, just like nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, there is also a group of nobles who have grown for hundreds of years, after Pan Geng migrated over, the interests of this group of people were violated, and the Zhengzhou nobles brought by Pan Geng fought, beating their heads and blood, and Pan Geng used clever pulling and punching wrists, tossing and turning inside, striving for more support for their upstarts.
Seeing that the contradiction between the nobles of the old capital and the nobles of the Western Bo could not be reconciled, Pan Geng came out as a peacemaker and said: Let's see, this is still not possible. We should all move a little farther, so it is better to simply move to Yin, north of the Yellow River. It's desolate, but as long as we work hard, it will soon develop!
In the past ten years in Xibo, Pan Geng has also quietly sent people to fight the front station, where it has initially begun to operate, and there is a city that can be moved in. In order to achieve the purpose of moving the capital to Yin, Pan Geng can really be described as calm, continuous layout, interlocking, brewing for more than ten years.
▲Zhang Yinghao's ink painting "Pan Geng Moving The Capital"
As for the diehards, Pan Geng sternly threatened: Treacherous and evil, disobedient people, I will kill them all, and will not let this breed spread and grow in Xinyi! Due to the more than ten years in Xibo, Pan Geng has united a group of upstarts who support him, and the opposition is powerless to resist. Many people chose to stay in Xibo or Zhengzhou Erligang Mall, but they also withdrew from the core of power.
After moving the capital, Pan Geng once again declared his authority: No matter how close or distant he is to the Shang King, he will be executed for his crimes, and he will be rewarded for his meritorious service, and I have the right to "control a short and long life", and I am the king you cannot question!
▲ Pan Geng established the Henan Anyang Huanbei Shangcheng restoration map, the famous Yin Ruins is next to the Huanbei Shangcheng, in fact, the same place
Yin was a brand new place, with large tracts of wasteland to be reclaimed, and both nobles and commoners could be allocated enough land to alleviate the contradictions between man and land and class. From here, the palatial city was developed again, and in the process of pioneering, the Shang Dynasty regained its vitality. And Pan Geng also took this opportunity to get rid of the entangled relationship of the old capital and establish his own absolute majesty.
Let the big business be great again, Pan Geng really did it. And a dynasty enjoys a real state for more than 500 years (although the Zhou Dynasty has 800 years, the monarch actually enjoys power for more than 200 years in the Western Zhou Dynasty), and on the eve of its demise, the monarch still has extremely strong authority, we have to say that it is a miracle!
▲ The King of Shang was still a powerful monarch
After Pan Geng moved to Yin, the politics of the Shang Dynasty entered a long period of stability, with the capital set up in Yindi for more than 200 years. It can be said that the outstanding military achievements of Wu Ding and The good wife and wife in opening up the territory and expanding the territory are based on the relocation of Pan Geng and Yin.
In later generations, monarchs who want to revitalize will often choose to move the capital to get rid of the complicated interest relations of the old capital and rebuild the new bureau, the most famous of which is the Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen's move to the capital Luoyang. This is all derived from the wisdom handed down by Pan Geng.
This article is the most beautiful original manuscript in history. Editor-in-chief Gun Jun, author Jia Mei'er. Some of the image sources are online, if you have copyright questions, please contact us.