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In March 1951, Wang Jinshan first arrived in Korea, full of confidence, promising to destroy an enemy division and capture 5,000 American prisoners. These remarks silenced the deputy commanders of the volunteer army present because they knew that although Wang Jinshan had performed well in the anti-Japanese battlefield and the Kuomintang army, the situation was completely different in the face of the US army.
Han Xianchu, Hong Xuezhi, and Deng Hua were veterans of four battles, and although they had never been able to completely annihilate a division, they knew that the American army was strong, and that naval and air support, tanks, and artillery equipment were far superior to the Kuomintang army. They silently watched the young deputy commander, not wanting to hurt his self-esteem or fool him into thinking that they were trying to suppress him.
Deng Hua cautiously reminded Wang Jinshan that based on the experience of the first four battles, the US army was by no means a Kuomintang army, and the victories of the first four battles did not mean that the fifth campaign would be easy. However, no matter how tactfully Deng Hua put it, Wang Jinshan is full of confidence and will not change his plans.
General Peng did not undermine Wang Jinshan's confidence, on the contrary, he saw that the soldiers were full of morale, firmly believed that the military heart was available, and the determination was commendable. Therefore, the fifth campaign began somewhat hastily and without adequate preparation.
In the end, the Third Corps made hard efforts on the battlefield, but the assault force was hastily changed due to the plan and the artillery was poorly prepared, resulting in the defeat of the 180th Division. This defeat became the most serious in the entire War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the 180th Division was part of Wang Jinshan's leadership.
Wang Jinshan, who fell into this tragedy, angered Chairman Mao, and Chen Geng also felt sorry for him. Chen Geng believed that underestimating the enemy was the main reason for this situation, and Wang Jinshan's youthful vigor made him underestimate the strength of the US military. If Chen Geng was commanding the Third Corps, perhaps the result would have been different.
In short, this battle has learned a profound lesson, and it has also made everyone understand the cost of underestimating the enemy. On the battlefield, excessive self-confidence can lead to disastrous consequences, and this is a valuable lesson.
Wang Jinshan's self-confidence and the morale of the volunteers were indeed encouraging, but in war, confidence must be based on a full understanding of the enemy's strength. The strength of the U.S. military cannot be underestimated, with superb air and naval support, solid equipment, and experienced commanders.
Han Xianchu, Hong Xuezhi, and Deng Hua all know this, but they also understand that at this critical moment, there can be no infighting and must remain united. However, as Deng Hua said, too much optimism can lead to adverse changes in the war situation.
Mr. Peng's attitude also reflects his confidence in the volunteers, but this does not mean that the laws of war can be ignored. He understood the fighting spirit of his soldiers, but also recognized that war requires preparation and strategy. This strategic impatience eventually led to the defeat of the 180th Division, a painful lesson.
Wang's youthfulness also reminds us that military leaders need to constantly learn and adapt, and not be complacent about past victories. War is complex and changeable, and victory can only be ensured by adequate preparation and respect for the enemy.
In short, the lessons of the Fifth Campaign were brutal, but it also inspired the PVA to be more cautious and methodical in dealing with the challenges ahead. In this war, every military leader must be humble, learn, and adapt to ensure ultimate victory. This is a warning to Wang Jinshan and a painful sublimation of the war wisdom of the entire volunteer army.
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