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2.3 billion years ago, the Earth underwent a massive transformation that completely rewrote the history of the planet, putting dinosaurs on the throne and the orcs being forced to abdicate. This long transformation, known as the "Carnian flood event," lasted for a full 2 million years.
The secrets of the underlying strata are key to our understanding of this history. Rocks, fossils and other materials carry the ancient memory of the earth, and through their age and composition, we can restore the appearance of that era.
At the end of the 19th century, scientists in Germany revealed a triple secret in the strata between 2.5 billion and 200 million years ago, each of which witnessed the earth's dramatic changes at different times, a period of history collectively known as the Triassic.
At the end of the Permian, a sharp rise in temperature led to the "mass extinction", a devastating event in which land was desertified and the food chain collapsed. The fundamental reason for this temperature rise is that the continents are closely connected, and the plate activity is violent, causing large-scale volcanic eruptions.
However, during the early Triassic, even after the mass extinction, the Earth's warming trend continued. During this period, life began to evolve in a more drought-tolerant direction, and in order to adapt to the arid environment, the beast elite developed the ability to maintain constant temperature regulation, which allowed them to maintain optimal conditions in various climatic conditions.
However, in the middle of the Triassic, temperatures rose to unprecedented heights. The presence of peculiar red shale layers in the strata of this period marked an extreme shift in life on land from drought tolerant to heat-tolerant humidity.
During this period, the continents were closely connected, and the water vapor in the sea breeze could not pass through the mountains and rivers, resulting in the inland area becoming arid grasslands, and only a few drought-tolerant plants could survive in this environment. This makes the dragons, with their excellent ability to retain water, become the overlords of arid regions.
However, a volcanic eruption changed everything. The Langlia eruption, which occurred 23.4 billion years ago on the west coast of Canada, lasted for 500 years. The eruption released large amounts of carbon dioxide, which caused seawater acidification and restricted the growth of algae. At the same time, high temperatures limit the landing of water vapor in the atmosphere, and the water in the ocean continues to evaporate, causing the land to dry up.
This chaotic period eventually erupted into two million years of continuous heavy rain. The higher humidity environment makes gymnosperms such as cycads and pines flourish, turning the grassland into a dense forest, and drought-tolerant animals and plants have to become smaller to adapt to the environment.
This was also the moment of the rise of dinosaurs. They evolved the characteristics of tall-necked, long-tailed, upright walking, and gastroliths adapted to eating plants, which allowed them to gain a foothold before the rise of forests.
According to geological data, the number of dinosaur fossils accounted for only 5% before heavy rains, but quickly increased to 90% after that, a dominance that lasted for 1.7 billion years until the impact of the asteroid.
Summary: In the long history of the earth, the Carnian flood event was a decisive moment, which handed over the dominance of the earth to the dinosaurs, and the forces of nature, especially the Langlia eruption, caused heavy rains that lasted for two million years, changed the ecological pattern, and allowed dinosaurs to emerge and become the hegemons of the earth. This history tells us that environmental changes on Earth sometimes bring opportunities for different organisms and shape new ecological patterns.
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