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When we think of Africa, the words that usually come to mind include disease, poverty and lag. However, on this impoverished African continent, one country once rose: South Africa. South Africa is located at the southernmost tip of Africa, bordered by Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini to the north and Lesotho in the middle, making South Africa one of the largest countries in the world. Surrounded by the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Cape of Good Hope route at the southwestern tip, the geographical basis for South Africa's prosperity.
However, South Africa's rise did not depend solely on geographical location. South Africa's rise began at the end of the 19th century, when vast resources of diamonds and gold were discovered. The discovery attracted people from all over the world in search of wealth and changed South Africa's demographics. South Africa, which was originally dominated by agriculture, began to use mining as the leading industry and gradually diversified its economy.
During the interwar period, South Africa was spared the effects of war due to its relative security due to its geographical periphery. This has allowed South Africa to concentrate on developing its own economy. The Government established the Industrial Development Corporation, which promoted the rapid development of South African industry through national investment. After the war, a large number of British technicians came to South Africa, which further boosted the growth of the South African economy, eventually making it the only developed country in Africa.
However, South Africa's future is not as bright as one might expect. First, South Africa's geographical location dooms it to geopolitical challenges. South Africa is a vast expanse of ocean that cannot control the strait like Singapore does, so it cannot effectively control ships passing through its territorial waters. This became one of the disadvantages of South Africa's geographical location.
In addition, South Africa's former President Mandela also had a significant impact on the country's development. Although Mandela received international acclaim for abolishing apartheid and fighting for equal rights for blacks, his policy decisions had a serious impact on South Africa's economic and social stability. He gave up building nuclear weapons, causing South Africa to lose competitiveness in the military and security arena. His announcement to admit illegal immigrants attracted a large influx of criminals into South Africa and undermined social security. In addition, he learned about free trade policy, but the massive influx of Chinese and American goods into South Africa destroyed the country's domestic manufacturing industry and led to a recession.
In the end, Mandela's policy decisions, while proceeding from freedom and equality, deviated from the normal course in the face of national interests. His decisions directly led to South Africa's economy falling into a trough and social unrest. While his move has been hailed as bravery, South Africa's decline is also inextricably linked.
The story of South Africa teaches us that policy decisions need to take into account national interests and not just pursue the realization of individual ideas. Although Mandela gained worldwide respect for his efforts to abolish apartheid, his policies also contributed directly to the decline of the country. This lesson should lead us to weigh more carefully the impact of various policies on national development to ensure the country's long-term prosperity and stability.
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