Artificial Intelligence, abbreviated as AI, is an interdisciplinary discipline that integrates computer science, physiology, and philosophy. Artificial intelligence research topics cover a wide range of fields, from machine vision to expert systems. The common basic feature is that machines learn to "think". In order to distinguish whether a machine "thinks," it is necessary to give a definition of "intelligence." To what extent is "thinking" called intelligence? For example, solving complex problems, or being able to generalize and discover correlations? What else is "perception," what is "comprehension," and so on? Research into learning processes, language, and sensory perception has helped scientists build intelligent machines. Right now, one of the biggest challenges facing AI experts is how to construct a system that can mimic the behavior of the human brain, made up of tens of billions of neurons, to think about the universe's most complex questions. Perhaps the best measure of machine intelligence is the experiment of British computer scientist Alan Turing. He argues that if a computer can fool people into believing that it is a human and not a machine, then it should be called intelligent.
Some people divide artificial intelligence into two categories: one is symbolic intelligence and the other is computational intelligence. Symbolic intelligence is based on knowledge and solves problems through reasoning. This is also known as traditional artificial intelligence. Computational intelligence is based on data, through training to establish connections and solve problems. Artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy systems, evolutionary programming, artificial life, etc. are all included in computational intelligence.
Research on artificial intelligence began very early around the world, but the real realization of artificial intelligence must start from the birth of computers, when it is possible for humans to realize human intelligence with machines. The English word AI was first proposed at a conference in 1956, and since then, some scientific efforts have been developed. The progress of artificial intelligence is not as rapid as we expect, because the basic theory of artificial intelligence is not complete, and we cannot essentially explain why our brains can think, where this thinking comes from, why this thinking is generated, and so on. But after decades of development, artificial intelligence is affecting people's lives with its great power.
Artificial intelligence has always been at the forefront of computer development. The existence of advanced computer languages, computer interfaces and word processors owes more or less to the study of artificial intelligence. The theories and insights brought by AI research guide the future direction of computing technology development. Existing AI products may be insignificant relative to the upcoming AI applications, but they bode well for the future of AI. The demand for higher levels of AI has and will continue to impact our work, learning and life.
artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a discipline that studies and simulates human intelligence, intelligent behavior and its laws, and uses artificial methods to imitate the intelligent activities carried out by humans. The so-called "intelligence" can be regarded as the ability of human mental work, such as perception, understanding, abstraction, analysis, reasoning, judgment, decision-making, learning and adaptation to changing environments. Therefore, it can also be said that artificial intelligence is a discipline that studies how to achieve intelligence by artificial methods and creates machines or intelligent systems similar to human brain intelligence.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, and artificial intelligence is the frontier scientific and technological field of computer science and technology. Artificial intelligence is closely related to computer software. On the one hand, all kinds of artificial intelligence application systems must be implemented by computer software, on the other hand, many smart computer software also apply the theoretical methods and technologies of artificial intelligence. For example, expert system software, machine game software, etc. However, artificial intelligence is not equal to software, in addition to software, there are hardware and other automation and communication equipment.
Although artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, its research involves not only computer science, but also brain science, neurophysiology, psychology, linguistics, logic, cognitive (thinking) science, behavioral science and mathematics, as well as information theory, cybernetics, and systems theory. Therefore, artificial intelligence is actually a comprehensive interdisciplinary and marginal discipline.
Scientists from different disciplines study AI in different ways. There are two main ways: one is based on psychologists and biologists, who believe that the brain is the material basis of intelligent activities, so they must first clarify the structure of the human brain, that is, start from the neuronal model of the brain, study the process and mechanism of the brain processing information, so as to solve the task of artificial intelligence; Another way is to take computer experts and engineers and technicians as the main body, who aim to achieve similar effects to human intelligent behavior, research and manufacture artificial intelligence machines or systems based on computer software, and use computers to imitate the thinking activities of the human brain. With the deepening of theoretical research and the development of technology, great progress has been made in the above two approaches. However, because the development and application of computer technology is more widely popular, it is generally believed that artificial intelligence is a technology that studies how to use computers to imitate the thinking activities of the human brain, so as to solve problems that require human intelligence to solve in the past.
The concept of artificial intelligence was proposed in the 50s of the 20th century; In the 80s, artificial intelligence made great progress in knowledge engineering and pattern recognition; In the 90s, artificial intelligence has been widely used in many fields, such as the emergence of various "expert systems". It is to store the knowledge of experts in various fields in a computer system, so that it has the ability to reason, so as to solve problems that must be solved by experts in the past, such as diagnosis, planning, scheduling, forecasting, and decision-making. In the field of telecommunications, artificial intelligence is also increasingly used, such as enabling computers to "understand" what people say, automatically answer, and communicate with people in language. AI has developed several new services for the telecommunications sector.
In May 1997, IBM's Deep Blue computer defeated chess grandmaster Kasparov. You may not notice that in some places computers help people do other tasks that were originally only human, and computers play their role for humans with their speed and accuracy. Artificial intelligence has always been the frontier discipline of computer science, and computer programming languages and other computer software have existed because of the progress of artificial intelligence.
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