#中国式浪漫#
"Make six vessels with jade, and pay tribute to the four directions of heaven and earth. Rite the heavens with Cangbi, the land with Huang Qi, the east with Qinggui, the south with Chizhang, the west with Bai Su, and the north with Xuanhuang. ”
- "Zhou Li Chunguan Da Zongbo"
Rites are an important symbol of Chinese civilization, representing the perception and understanding of nature and social order by ancient Chinese philosophers.
The Zhou Dynasty summarized the ritual traditions of the previous dynasty, established a more systematic system of etiquette, and the concept of governance also changed from the rule of gods to the rule of virtue, and jade also became the carrier of etiquette and the highest ethics, widely appearing in various occasions such as sacrifices, pilgrimages, marriages, diplomacy, and even funerals.
Come to the National Expo to see China, and enter the special exhibition "Ancient Chinese Jade" to see the "six instruments" in the jade gift.
The so-called "six vessels" are several types of ritual jade used in ritual activities. Everyone is invited to admire in turn: Bi, Qi, Gui, Zhang, Amber, and Juan.
Bi
Han Gu Bi (left)
Bi is a flaky round jade object with a central aperture smaller than the width of the outer silhouette, and is one of the jade ritual objects in ancient times. The traditional view is that "Bi Yuan is like the sky", but from the archaeological point of view, Yubi is more likely to be a symbol of power, status and wealth. Grain pattern, also known as tadpole pattern, swirl pattern, lying silkworm pattern, etc., refers to the jade carved with dense rows of small nipple nails similar to grains, and carved swirl patterns next to the nipple nails. The grain pattern first appeared in jade in the late Spring and Autumn period, originally a simplified form of the bronze bead pattern, and later interpreted it as a grain pattern symbolizing the recovery of all things and the hope of a good harvest. "Zhou Li Dianrui" contains: "Zi Zhi Gubi. Zheng Xuan's note: "Valley, so raise people." "Son" was the title of the title at that time, indicating that the nobles held the grain pattern as a token on some important ceremonial occasions.
· Jun
Jun Western Zhou
Born from the bracelet of Liangzhu culture, influenced by the cosmic concept of "Round Heaven Place", it gradually evolved into the shape of the inner circle and the outside, and the square corners are generally carved with gods, people and animal face patterns, with single or multiple sections in different forms, which is a magic weapon used by shamans to communicate heaven and earth. The appearance characteristics of the Gong have changed in different cultural regions and different eras, and the Gong of the Western Zhou Dynasty is mainly plain face, and the divine and human animal face patterns have disappeared.
Kei
Gui Warring States was unearthed in 1951 in Guwei, Huixian, Henan
Kei is a long strip-shaped flaky jade vessel that is widely used in political activities such as pilgrimage and ceremony, and is used as a samurai jade to mark hierarchical status and to sacrifice vows. Gui first appeared in the Yongsan culture era, with a flat head shape, and a pointed head shape appeared a little later. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Gui was closely related to the ordination system, and was a rune letter for the recipient, and there were many plain faces without lines. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, alliances were often held between the Son of Heaven and princes, princes and princes, and princes and Qing Dafu for political purposes, and the oath of the covenant was made, and Gui became a token of the covenant. The alliance words are recorded on Yugui or Shigui, in duplicate, one copy is hidden in the alliance mansion, and one is buried in the ground or sunk into the river to win the trust of the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth.
· Zhang
Chang Neolithic Longshan culture
The zhang is a long, flaky ceremonial weapon that resembles a gorge-shaped weapon. Those with protruding teeth on both sides of the proximal interior are called teeth. "Zhou Li Dian Duan" contains: "Yazhang started the army to govern the army. "However, from the archaeological excavations, it may also be a sacrificial vessel for sacrificing mountains and rivers or a ceremonial vessel held during major ceremonies." Zhang was first found in the Longshan culture in the late Neolithic period, found more during the Xia and Shang periods, and declined after the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Amber
Tiger Warring States was unearthed in 1950 in Anyang Military Attaché Village, Henan
Pieces of carved tiger-shaped jade with holes can be called pei, and those without holes may be "amber", one of the "six weapons", or they may be a letter for sending troops. Some round-carved jade tigers may be ornaments, or they may be Xizhen or "jade grips" used as funerary objects. Among the "six vessels" used for rituals, Bi, Qi, Gui, Zhang, and Juan all have traces to follow, but the appearance of Amber is varied. There is an opinion that amber may not be tiger-shaped jade, and among the jade artifacts unearthed from the tomb of King Zhongshan there are 5 dragon-shaped jade pendants, which are called "tigers" in ink books.
Juan
Longshou Gu Wen Juan Warring States was unearthed in 1950 in Guwei, Huixian, Henan
Juan is a curved hanging jade ornament, which appeared very early in many Neolithic cultural sites, with narrow bars, semi-bi shapes, crescent shapes and other shapes. Juan became the main component of the jade group after the Western Zhou Dynasty. The double-headed dragon-shaped jade ornament, sprouted in the Western Zhou Dynasty and matured in the Warring States, may be related to the saying "rainbow for the dragon drink" in ancient books. The ancients believed that the dragon was walking rain, so they placed the dragon shape in the rainbow-shaped jade pendant, which meant to pray for smooth wind and rain.
【Exhibition Information】
Exhibition: Ancient Chinese Jade
Venue: National Museum, Hall 19, North
Duration: Permanent exhibition