The basic teaching of painting is mainly based on modeling training. That is, to start with sketching and color to improve students' observation ability and strengthen students' modeling ability. In basic teaching, China has always followed the Teaching Method of Cheschakov introduced from the former Soviet Union and the teaching method of Oil Painting of Maximov. At the same time, Xu Beihong also brought the European painting system to China, which played an important role in the teaching and development of Chinese painting art. The above teaching methods are not lacking in their scientific and systematic nature. At the same time, it also cultivates a large number of outstanding painting talents. However, modern basic teaching methods starting from China's indigenous painting system are rare. Let's talk about the basic teaching of painting from Sheikh's "Six Laws". At the same time, it also explains how to use the "six methods" to guide basic teaching.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > the connotation of Sheikh's "six laws"</h1>
Sheikh, a famous painter and theorist of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, compiled a painting theory, "Paintings". This is one of the earliest and most complete surviving commentaries on paintings in China. The most important value of this work is the proposal of the "Six Laws". The "Six Laws" are a complementary and inseparable organic whole. In short, "vivid rhyme, bone method with pen, object pictogram, color with class, business position, transfer and imitation." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > the application of "six methods" in basic teaching</h1>
(1) The atmosphere is vivid
Vivid qi rhyme is the highest principle in the "Six Laws". It mainly refers to vividly reflecting the spiritual temperament and emotional rhyme of the characters. It is the key to the artistic appeal of the work. For a long time, students have taken mechanical tracing of objects as the goal of basic training, seeking image accuracy by measuring, but neglecting the cultivation of sensitivity. As Zhang Yanyuan of the Tang Dynasty said, "Seeking his painting with qi rhyme seems to be in the middle." "Qi rhyme refers to the expression of the spirit, personality, and inner world of the object. And "vivid" is only the external expression of "qi rhyme". The use of understanding, cognition, and experience exploration of "vivid rhyme" is used to cultivate students' overall observation ability and sensitivity. This enables students to discover and excavate a specific temperament, characteristics, and demeanor from the object. All these observations and experiences converge into one impression that is deeply reflected in the mind. And use this as a judgment on the final effect of the painting. It also sets the direction for the taste and style of the work, and does everything possible to achieve this goal by any means and every means. With such basic training, students can not only grasp the basic elements of modeling, but also make the works vivid and moving.
(2) Bone method with pen
"Bone method pen" mainly refers to the use of pen to pay attention to the inhibition and frustration, there is strength. It is also proposed because of the uniqueness of the lines in Chinese painting. Its connotation refers to: skeleton, bone potential, bone quality, bone strength. Although Western painting emphasizes the scientific nature, it also uses brush stroke lines to depict objects. Therefore, the "bone method pen" also has considerable guiding significance for basic teaching. In teaching, students can be instructed to use the speed, urgency, weight, intensity, etc. of the line to express the appearance characteristics, texture, quantity, space, volume and so on. It can also be extended to the brushstrokes in painting, and the painter can not only use the brushstrokes to shape the image, but also express his emotions. For example, Van Gogh's brushstrokes twist and rotate to express his intense emotions. Cézanne's calm, rational and organic combination of brushstrokes is an important part of forming the structure of the picture. These typical examples are enough to illustrate the artistic value of the brushstrokes themselves. Guide students to understand the visual impact and artistic appeal brought by the pen to the work from the changes in brush strokes.
(3) The pictogram of the object should be formed
"Object pictogram" refers to the process of accurate, true and perceptive depiction of objects based on objective things. In Chinese painting, the "Ying Object Pictogram" emphasizes the physical characteristics and structural characteristics of the object, and emphasizes the feeling and charm. The Western modeling system depicts the shape, structure, proportion, perspective, and spatial relationship of the object according to scientific laws. Although Western modeling training is authentic and scientific, improper use often leads to the vice of imitating and copying objects. "Object pictograms" precisely inspire us to guide students in teaching to re-recognize and re-understand the form, and to get rid of the imprisonment of the real form. In this way, the shape is exaggerated arbitrarily, the expressiveness of the shape is improved, and the subjective initiative of the students is also improved.
(4) Coloring with categories
"Color with class" refers to accurate coloring according to the differences in objects and images, and can skillfully match colors to achieve color expression. Our previous color training is based on the conditional color system as a criterion, fixed place, time, object, painter, light source color, inherent color, environmental color between the transformation and change to shape the object. Such training often causes students' thinking to be confused, and produces various problems in the picture, such as: flowers, broken, chaos, etc. Using the method of "color with class", a single inherent color system is used to arrange color blocks, which can not only coordinate good colors but also improve the ability of color collocation. Enable students to recognize color, control and grasp color. Thus improving color literacy.
(5) Business location
"Operating position" refers to the painter's creation and construction of the position of the object and the action of configuring the object. That is, conceiving, composing. In layman's terms, it is to put the right food in the right place. Many students have a bad habit of drawing without thinking, and through the explanation of "business position", students gradually realize the importance of composition in painting. Guide students to study composition patterns, and explain some specific composition rules, such as the composition laws in Chinese paintings: main guest, Gu Pan, opening and closing, gathering and dispersing, virtual reality, hidden dew, complexity, density, vertical and horizontal, jagged, dynamic and static, etc. Help students explore new ways of composition and improve students' ability to construct pictures. Make its works holistic and complete, more infectious.
(6) Transfer molding
"Passing on and copying" refers to a skill of copying the excellent works of predecessors. Copying is a process of learning and research. But not our ultimate pursuit. Students are often dismissive and absent-minded about the works of the copied masters. This view and practice is mainly due to the lack of clarity among students about the purpose of copying. In addition, the knowledge and understanding of classic works is not deep enough. Therefore, first of all, we must make sure that students do not imitate the external form and effect of the work, but understand the parts of the work that convey gods, forms, ideas, and affection. Then from the line composition of the picture, the composition of black and white gray, and the composition of color blocks, we can explore the internal structure of painting. Only in this way can we absorb the excellent nutrients of our predecessors. #文化 #
The "six laws" are interrelated wholes, and we must not attach importance to one law and ignore the other, and should go hand in hand and set strict requirements. Carry out teaching activities step by step and in an orderly manner, so that students can fully understand and master the training methods and artistic essence of painting. Author: Cheng Jian