When I read "Water Margin", the various official titles such as sect head, capital head and ti jurisdiction bothered me for a long time, and later, according to the protagonist's experience, my brain automatically unified it into the category of "small official". I didn't know until many years later that the doorway inside was really deep...
The leopard head Lin Chong, the 800,000 forbidden army leader in Tokyo, is actually a touting among the rivers and lakes, which sounds very majestic. But the head of the instructor is not an official, has no real power, is equivalent to a martial arts coach, and there is also a head of the instructor on it.
Both coaches are considered to be the head coach, while the coach is just a coach and can exist more than one at the same time. Lin Chong is the head of the gun and club, and the others are also the head of archery, the head of equestrian training, and so on.
Since Lin Chong was an official in the capital, there were many dignitaries in contact, and it was easier to obtain promotion channels, but it was also easy to be crushed to death by a finger of a powerful man, such as Gao Liang. In this way, it takes an eight-faced temperament to be able to mix well, but it is a pity that Lin Chong is not such a person.
The walker Wu Song, after Jingyanggang killed the tiger, was appreciated by the county order and made a capital head. During the Song Dynasty, the low-ranking officers in the army were called Dutou, with jurisdiction over about 100 people. However, the leaders of the local catchers and servants are also called the capital.
What Wusong does is the local capital, what he does is to maintain public order, catch thieves and other things, which is equivalent to the mashup of the police chief and the captain of the county armed police, which is under the control of the county order. As the saying goes, the county official is better than the current management, and Wu Song is the head of the "current management", which can be regarded as majestic in the locality, and can basically walk sideways without offending the powerful and county orders.
The flower monk Lu Zhishen, before falling grass, was under the jurisdiction of the small seed Jing Xiao Xianggong. Ti was an official position unique to the Song Dynasty, set up due to the policies of the time, and neither the previous dynasty nor the later dynasties.
"Song Shi Gongguan Zhi": "Restore the lifting of soldiers and horses, and the lifting of military armor, all of which are guards and subordinates." Train the army and supervise the arrest of thieves to clear the territory. ”
Ti is in charge of a local army and horse, responsible for suppressing bandits, arresting thieves and maintaining law and order, and has a frightening power. According to the regulations, it must be personally held by the great official of the feudal province, and it is logical that it should be a small official who is also the official himself, and Lu Zhishen cannot be qualified to serve as such.
However, the small species is a little fair, and it is impossible to do everything by yourself, and as a civil official, it is impossible to often lead troops to suppress thieves. Therefore, a henchman with a high force value was selected from the staff to be responsible for the daily management of the troops, and this person was Lu Zhishen, who replaced the small seed Jing Xiaoxianggong to take charge of the soldiers and horses, so he was honored and brought to the command.
However, in fact, Lu Zhishen's power was given by the small seed Jing, not by the imperial court. Therefore, Lu Zhishen is strictly not an official of the Song Dynasty, but is equivalent to a master in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It's just that the master is the think tank of officials, but Lu Zhishen, a cronie, is used to lead the troops.
Sum up:
When Lin Chong, Wu Song, and Lu Zhishen were officials, if they were about decent scenery, it was Lin Chong. If it is about wanton dashing, it is Wu Song. If it is about who actually has the most power, then it is really Lu Zhishen who has great power!
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This involves the official system of the Song Dynasty. Lin Chong is the head of the sect, Wu Song is the head of the capital, and Luda is the head of the capital, which official is the most powerful? Strictly speaking, the head of the sect is a title, and the head of the capital and the jurisdiction are the official names.
Lin Jiaotou - not a military position
Lin Chong, the head of the leopard, wrote in the book: "Born with a leopard head and ring eyes, a swallow-jawed tiger whisker, an eight-foot long and short body, thirty-four and five years old", Lin Chong was the 800,000 gun and stick instructor in Tokyo City before going to Liangshan.
Coach, the Song Dynasty called a person who teaches martial arts, is equivalent to a coach. Coaching is a profession in modern times, and coaching was also a profession in the Song Dynasty. That is, the head of the sect is a professional title, not an official name.
Lin Chong's self-proclaimed title of "Tokyo's 800,000 Forbidden Army Instructors" often misunderstands us as a very high-ranking and powerful official position, but in fact, there was no such official position as a coach in the official system of the Song Dynasty.
The head of the sect, that is, the martial artist, whose main duty is to teach martial arts as a profession in order to earn a salary, support a family, etc. Therefore, it has nothing to do with the official system of the Song Dynasty, and it is not powerful.
There were various categories of sect heads in the Song Dynasty, including those who taught guns and clubs, horseback riding, archery, arrays, and so on. The head coach is divided into the head of the coach and the head of the coach, which is actually the difference between the coach and the assistant coach.
In "Water Margin", in addition to Lin Chong and Chai Jin, the 800,000 forbidden army sect leaders in Tokyo, there is also Xu Ning, the head of the Jingshi Golden Gun class, and the little whirlwind Chai Jin's family has an arrogant Hong sect leader who was defeated by Lin Chong.
The head of the sect did not have a high status in the Song Dynasty, even if it was the head of the forbidden army.
Lin Chong's claim to be the leader of Tokyo's 800,000 forbidden army sounds very remarkable, but in fact it is exaggerated, just as we claim to be what we are.
First of all, quantitative exaggeration. The "History of Song" records that the most forbidden army was in the Song Renzong period, when the forbidden army was 826,000 people, and after Wang Anshi changed the law to reduce redundant personnel and streamline the government, the number of troops decreased sharply.
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, the number of forbidden troops in the country was reduced to more than 560,000. After the failure of the reform of the law, during the reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song and Emperor Huizong of Song, the number of troops rose to nearly 800,000, but it was impossible for these forbidden troops to remain in the city of Tokyo.
In other words, there could not be 800,000 forbidden troops in Tokyo. Shi Nai-an used his exaggerated method to say that the 800,000 forbidden army was actually a kind of boasting and exaggeration, causing a very powerful feeling.
Second, the number of heads is in doubt. The "History of Song" records that in 1079 AD, 11 teaching camps in 22 counties across the country set up one teaching head for every 2,825 people, 270 forbidden army teaching leaders, and 30 teaching leaders.
Two years after Wang Anshi changed the law, there were still 300 sect leaders. Historically, the general number of forbidden troops in the Song Central Committee was about 100,000. Therefore, from the perspective of the number of heads of teachers and the number of professors, it is very pompous and inconsistent with historical facts.
Again, Lin Chong is not as powerful as we thought. Although Lin Chong is known as the head of a leopard and has the courage of ten thousand people, there is still a gap compared with Lu Junyi, a jade unicorn with high martial arts and unparalleled clubs in the world.
Therefore, Lin Chong's position is actually a gun and stick instructor who teaches martial arts by the Tokyo City Forbidden Army, and the number of professors is not as many as 800,000. His status can be imagined, not very high.
The reason why we have cognitive misunderstanding is firstly due to Lin Chong's vanity, secondly, not understanding the official system of the Song Dynasty, and out of the love of Lin Chong, the head of the leopard, he thinks that the 800,000 forbidden army sect head is a major official.
Wudutou - below seven grades
Dutou, this is the military position, Dutou was the commander of the armies in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and his status was higher. The late Tang dynasty was the governor of each capital and his status declined. In the Song Dynasty, the capital was under the command of each army, and its status was even lower.
To give an example: "Jiading Chicheng Zhi" records that the sixth command establishment of Taizhou Xiongjie has 500 people, 1 commander and deputy commander, 3 heads, 5 deputy heads, 10 generals, generals Yu Hou, undertaking bureaus, and 10 detained officials.
Some commanders also have 400 people, but according to the regulations, 1 should have 100 people, this data is relatively fixed, and there can be no discrepancy, whether it is infantry or horsemen. Therefore, Wusong had at least 100 men under him.
In this way, we have a general concept of the official position of the head of the capital~
In "Water Margin", after Wusong killed the tiger, he went to Yanggu County. Zhixian saw that Wu Songzhong was thick and steady, and he was arrogant and dry, so he said to him: "How about I join you today to be the head of this county?" ”
Wu Song immediately knelt down to give thanks: "If grace is lifted up, the villain will be blessed for life." Zhixian ordered the abssi to make a copy, and on the same day made Wusong the head of the infantry, so Wusong changed to "Wudutou" before going to Liangshan.
It is said above that "Dutou" is under the command of each army and is in charge of 100 people, but Dutou can even appoint a seventh-grade sesame officer at will, which shows that Dutou is not even a grade of seven officials, and the rank is quite low.
After the Southern Song Dynasty, the military functions of the capital were gradually reduced, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it evolved into village-level organizations, such as a certain village and one capital, a certain village and two capitals, and so on, to put it bluntly, it was responsible for the security management in the capital.
Shi Nai-an wrote "Water Margin" at the end of the Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, and it is estimated that in his consciousness, he wanted to write Wusong as a character who managed the internal security of the capital, which is equivalent to the current position of the head of a police station.
And if you take the Northern Song Dynasty as the background, the capital head of the Northern Song Dynasty is a military position with military functions, which is equivalent to the current company commander, and the company commander manages 100 people like the head of the capital. But Wusong also has the function of managing public security, so it has the epitome of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
So what exactly did the capitals in the county of the Song Dynasty do?
At the county level, those responsible for arresting criminals are called dutou, but all the servants in the county can be called dutou, and dutou is the title of the army, and the dutou is called dutou to show respect.
Therefore, Wusong is a servant in the county. But the difference is that Wusong is an "infantry head", infantry is the country's regular army, and the regular army is divided into infantry and cavalry.
What is Wu Song's specific military position, and what is the specific duties and authority, is indeed a bit confusing and an unsolved mystery. But what is clear is that the rank of the head is very low and there is no grade.
Jurisdiction - six to seven products
Tizhi, an ancient official name, so the name is meaningful, and Tizhi means to govern. During the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a "four-ti jurisdiction" official system, which was in charge of four places: the tea farm, the miscellaneous shopping store, the Wensi Yuan, and the Zuozang Library.
The Tea Farm is an institution in charge of tea and salt affairs. The miscellaneous shopping store is in charge of storing the surplus items of the internal and external official offices. Wensi Academy, few records of historical dynasties. Zuozang Library, the place where the tribute of the Song states hidden.
Songzhou County has set up a jurisdiction to control the army, train and teach and supervise the arrest of thieves, which is actually to ensure the security of the four jurisdictions. The third episode of "Water Margin": "The guest official wants to find the head of the king's sect, and if he only asks this mention, he will recognize it." ”
The "History of Song" recorded: "In Chongning, the resumption of raising soldiers and horses and carrying military armor were all guards and servants. Train the army and supervise the arrest of thieves to clear the territory. ”
"Water Margin" Lu Zhishen, before going to Liangshan, known as Lu Ti jurisdiction, belongs to the jurisdiction of Jingliaoti. In the Song Dynasty, Zhizhou was a five-rank official, and his jurisdiction was lower than that of Zhizhou, roughly in the sixth to seventh grade, but not lower than the seventh grade, which is equivalent to the current zhengjian level and regiment level.
Write at the end
To sum up, for Lin Jiaotou, Wudutou, and Lu Ti in "Water Margin", which official is the biggest? We have a clear understanding that the largest official rank is Lu Zhishen, followed by Wudutou, and the head of the sect is not an official system, but a profession.
In fact, after careful study, there are many exaggerations in "Water Margin" that are inconsistent with historical facts, but the work itself is a literary work, with its ideological and literary nature, and it is normal to be higher than reality.
But none of this prevents it from becoming a classical masterpiece.
"Water Margin" is a classic of Chinese culture, a model of traditional Chinese culture, and fully embodies the spirit of governing the country through the world, making people love it more and more the more they read it, it is known as one of the four famous works of ancient China, which is well deserved.
The value of "Water Margin" is beyond reproach, including a wide range, including the ancients' thinking, exploration and summary of the unity of heaven and man; There are true records of historians through the ages; There are poetry and song endowments that have been passed down through the ages; There are the experiences of the sages, the teachings of the younger generations, and so on.
In short, "Water Margin" contains the wisdom and insights of the ancient sages, carries the ancients' feelings about life and the world, and so on, and is indeed a strange book.
To read a book, you should read a classic book! The modern value and cultural charm of "Water Margin", its ideological connotation, can carry forward our traditional culture.
What do you think? Welcome to leave a message ~~
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