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Wen | Yi Manzi talked
Editor|Yimanzi talks
Mongolia has fought for seventy years from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan establishing the Yuan Dynasty. In these seventy years, there was not only the loyalty of the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City who fought to the death for 36 years, but also such a family, first betrayed the Song Dynasty to the Mongols, and then his son betrayed the Mongols, and the two generations of the family were two courtiers and thieves.
This is the father and son of Li Quan and Li Wei at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, what caused a family of two generations to become the second minister thief recorded in the history books.
Why do many historians see Li Wei's rebellion as a trigger for the eventual collapse of the Yuan Dynasty?
Husband and wife in a troubled world
The story still starts from a small village in Shandong, Li Quan was born in 1190 AD in 63 years after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Shandong had become the territory of the Jin Dynasty, if this trend continues, Li Quan is estimated to die in the chaotic era of the Song, Mongolian and Jin melee like many peasants in that troubled era.
However, in 1213, the hooves of the Mongol iron horse shattered Li Quan's originally peaceful life, his mother and brother were hacked and killed by the chaotic army, and Li Quan himself was spared by going up the mountain to cut firewood. After returning home, Li Quan looked at the corpses of his mother and brother, anger overwhelmed his mind, and he grabbed the wood-chopping knife on the side and rushed out of the house.
Soon he contacted his second brother Li Fu, who was working outside, and told him about the tragic situation at home, and the two rose directly in Beihai, Victoria, claiming to respond to Yang An'er's Red Jacket Army uprising in Jiaozhou the year before, and soon gathered thousands of rebels.
Li Quan has loved martial arts since he was a child, and the Li family gun in one hand makes him divine. Under the leadership of the two brothers Li Quan and Li Fu, the rebel army soon expanded to several thousand people, and converged with Yang An'er's rebel army in Shandong, and for a time the Red Jacket Army led by Yang An'er and Li Quan swept the entire Shandong Peninsula. That is, in Yang An'er's army, Li Quan met the true love of his life - Yang Miaozhen.
Yang Miaozhen is Yang An'er's younger sister, who has been practicing martial arts with Yang An'er since she was a child, and after Yang An'er rebelled, Yang Miaozhen quickly established a high prestige among the rebels with his superb martial arts.
After meeting Li Quan, Yang Miaozhen also liked Li Quan, who single-handedly pulled out a team of thousands of people.
The two are originally children of the rivers and lakes, and they don't like all kinds of red tape, so they directly married in the army when they saw each other.
And the Red Jacket Army, under the leadership of Yang An'er, Li Quan, Yang Miaozhen and others, connected several cities in Shandong, and also captured several generals of the Jin Dynasty, and for a time the prestige of the Shandong Red Jacket Army spread throughout the world, and the Southern Song Dynasty, which was in a quiet corner, also noticed this rebel army, and did everything possible to recruit the Red Jacket Army.
However, at this time, the Mongols suddenly withdrew their troops, so that the Jin Dynasty army, which was originally tired of dealing with the Mongol cavalry, quickly turned its spearhead on the Red Jacket Army in Shandong. The Jin Dynasty army pressed the border and defeated many troops of the Red Jacket Army, among which Yang An'er, the leader of the Red Jacket Army, wanted to retreat by boat, but was secretly calculated by the boatman and fell into the water and died.
At this point, the huge Red Jacket Army revolted, leaving only Li Quan and the remnants of Yang An'er led by Yang Miaozhen.
After consulting with Yang An'er, Li Quan decided to go south to annex the Southern Song Dynasty.
In 1219, the Jin Dynasty sent heavy troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty was defeated, and the Southern Song Dynasty at this time hurriedly sent Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen to lead the rebel army to cut off the Jin army's rear road.
Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen led thousands of people to Huaiyuan, Anhui, and when the general of the Jin army led his troops to cross the river, Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen were the first soldiers, led the army to attack in time, and took advantage of the opportunity when the Jin army had not crossed the river, broke the Jin army, and killed thousands of gold troops in a battle.
After this battle, Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen became famous in Jiangnan. The Southern Song Dynasty also gave Li Quanfeng the history of Dazhou, and the governor of Yizhou was a military officer.
After that, Li Quan, relying on his merits in persuading him to return to the Shandong provinces, was appointed an observer and led a heavy army to defend Chu Prefecture.
It stands to reason that Li Quan was already the humerus minister of the Southern Song Dynasty at this time, and he was the hope force of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Expedition, but soon after, Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen rebelled against the Song Dynasty, why is this?
Repeatedly ostracized, rebelled against the Song Dynasty
In fact, after the Song Dynasty moved south, it discriminated against many people who remained in the north, they believed that when the Song Dynasty moved south, all the people should be the same as Uncle Liu Huang evacuated Jingzhou, hundreds of thousands of people crying and making noise to go with them, this is called Zhongyi.
Therefore, the Southern Song Dynasty, from the emperor's high-ranking officials to the common people, looked down on those rebels who returned from the north, and at that time, according to the bad habits of the supervisors inherited from the Northern Song Dynasty, sent the supervisors to Li Quan, who guarded Chuzhou, and after the supervisors arrived in Chuzhou, they were not only picky or thorny, and at that time, Chuzhou not only had rebels from the north but also soldiers from the southern states.
Originally, the relationship between the two was not harmonious, and this supervisor even did everything possible to protect the soldiers in the south, which caused dissatisfaction among Li Quan and many soldiers.
Li Quanben then led his troops to Shandong, but was besieged by the Mongol army, and at this time the Southern Song Dynasty directly slaughtered Li Quan's old army left in Chuzhou on the grounds that Li Quan defected, and Li Quan's wife Yang Miaozhen desperately escorted Li Quan's son Li Wei to Shandong.
Li Quan was furious when he heard the news, so he secretly colluded with the Mongols, claiming to be willing to be the internal response of the Mongols within the Southern Song Dynasty.
Subsequently, Li Quan pretended to fight a bloody battle with the Mongols, broke through with difficulty, and fled back to the Southern Song Dynasty.
Li Quan, who returned to the Southern Song Dynasty, pretended to belong to the Song Dynasty, but behind the scenes, he not only stepped up the recruitment of soldiers, but also built ships in the secret to use as his secret weapon to go south to Hangzhou.
Moreover, at the behest of the Mongols, Li Quan sent soldiers disguised as robbers to burn the ships carrying grain and grass in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Kufu where weapons were stored.
But soon the matter was exposed, and Li Quan also directly sent troops to take the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty by boat, but was ambushed halfway by the Southern Song army, and Li was killed by several arrows in his body.
Only Yang Miaozhen and his son Li Wei remained, but no one expected that his son was already an anti-bone boy and single-handedly changed the Yuan Dynasty's view of the Han people.
Conquered Shandong, died in rebellion
After Li Quanzhan 's death, his son Li Wei, assisted by his mother Yang Miaozhen, led the remnants to Shandong to take over his father's post as governor of Shandong, but at that time Shandong had not only the forces of the Jin Dynasty but also the forces of the Song Dynasty, and many armies were in chaos.
However, with Yang Miaozhen's assistance, Li Wei gradually controlled all of Shandong, but Yang Miaozhen died soon after.
Li Wei, who had lost Yang Miaozhen's supervision and supervision, became more and more arrogant, thinking that he occupied the entire Shandong, with 100,000 troops, and could chase the world.
In 1260, the Mongol Great Khan Meng Ge died under the fishing city, and Li Wei was overjoyed when he heard the news, he believed that there would be great chaos within Mongolia, so he stepped up preparations for the rebellion, hoarded a large amount of grain and grass, and at the same time secretly communicated with the Southern Song Dynasty.
Sure enough, as Li Wei expected, there was a civil war within Mongolia because of the struggle for the imperial throne, and Li Wei thought that the time was ripe, directly raised troops to rebel against Mongolia, and also sacrificed many cities to the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty named him the king of Qi County.
However, what he did not expect was Kublai Khan's determination to suppress the rebellion, and after Kublai Khan learned of Li Wei's rebellion, he was furious and directly sent heavy troops to annihilate Li Wei.
Li Wei, who was unexpectedly surprised by this situation, did not have the slightest ability to fight back in the face of the Mongol iron horse, and the Southern Song Dynasty, which was originally an ally of each other, was also deaf and dumb at this time for Li Wei's request for help, and his proud army of 100,000 met the Mongol army, and it was almost crushed.
Soon, the Mongol army arrived under the city of Jinan, where Li Wei was located, and seeing that there was no hope of breaking through, he wanted to commit suicide, but was rescued by the Mongols.
In the end, Li Wei was tortured to death.
Father and son, one betrayed Song into Mongolia, and the other betrayed Song into Mongolia, which is really a ridiculous and sad reincarnation.
At the same time, Li Wei's rebellion was also an important factor in Kublai Khan's termination of the Sinicization of Mongolia.
The end of the Sinicization of Mongolia
The original Kublai Khan always had an accepting attitude towards the Han people, such as Wang Wentong, who had followed Kublai Khan earlier and planned for him, all of whom were executed for having correspondence with Li Wei. Many of Kublai Khan's policies to benefit and protect the Han were halted.
Li Wei's rebellion made Kublai Khan realize the great crisis lurking in Mongolia, and he believed that the Han people had always been hostile to the Mongols of foreign ethnic groups and always had the intention of rebellion, so the Han people could not be entrusted with heavy responsibilities.
It happened that in the Mongol regime at that time, in addition to the Han people, there were also a large number of Hui people, and the status of the Hui people before Li Wei's rebellion was lower than that of the Han people. Because the Confucian culture of the Han Dynasty was indeed a good recipe for ruling the world at that time, Kublai Khan also attached great importance to the Han people, appointing Han generals and Confucians.
However, after this incident, the Hui people, represented by Ahma, began to advise Kublai Khan, requesting that the Han people be deprived of their military power and not be allowed to become high officials, and repeatedly mentioned the rebellion of Li Wei.
Kublai Khan soon adopted their opinion, and almost all Han Chinese who held military power in the Yuan Dynasty at that time were removed from their posts, promoted or demoted, to unimportant posts. At the same time, after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan listed the Han people as the lowest people, unable to be high-ranking officials, unable to hold military power, and subject to exploitation by other groups of people.
As the Yuan Dynasty's policy towards the Han became more and more harsh, many Han people rose up in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty. All this stemmed from Li Wei's unsuccessful rebellion.
epilogue
Li Wei's rebellion not only interrupted Kublai Khan's process of Sinicization of Mongolia, but from the macro perspective of the entire history, Kublai Khan's sinicization ended halfway, to a certain extent, caused the continuous uprisings in various places and the final demise of the Yuan Dynasty in the following hundred years.