The destruction of the Jewish community in Europe
The emotions of literary writers are often inseparable from the motherland, and the emotions of German Jewish writers are often associated with the motherland, Germany, and in the eyes of German Jewish writers, German identity and Jewish identity are integrated.
Although Heine was Jewish, he considered Germany his homeland, and his works often showed a strong sense of patriotism.
During the Weimar Republic, German Jews were in an extremely relaxed period of history, and Jewish writers integrated their own development into the torrent of German literary development.
The famous novelist Jakob Wassermann wrote in his 1921 autobiography: "I am German and I am Jewish, and there is an equally strong and thorough connection between the two, and this relationship is inseparable."
In German Jewish literature, Jewish identity and German identity coexist inseparably, symbolizing the coexistence of German Jewish literature before the Nazi regime came to power.
German Jewish literature was once part of German literature and shaped the glorious temple of German literature, but after the Nazi regime came to power, they were forcibly purged, stripped from the German literary world, and gradually removed from the German public's view.
After the establishment of the Third Reich, the Nazi regime purged Jews from the public sphere in accordance with Nazi racial regulations, and many of the best Jewish writings were excluded from the public sphere.
The Nazi regime cleansed Jewish literature in a variety of ways: the Nazis instigated the "book burning" campaign, and many works of German Jews were burned; censorship of literature in the field of public books and the gradual removal of literary works by Jewish authors; At the same time, racial regulations forced Jewish writers to leave Germany.
Once Jewish writers left Germany, the main creative scene also turned abroad, and Jewish literature in Germany ceased to exist.
Although German literature regarded the works of these Jewish writers in exile as part of German literature in exile, this did not compensate for the consequences of the Nazi regime's forced divestment of German and Jewish literature.
On the one hand, the anti-fascist works of Jewish writers in exile for racial reasons form part of German anti-fascist literature and enrich the treasury of German literature.
Thomas Mann still wrote in German in his exile country, and together with some exiled Jews kept German literature alive, and German culture remained alive and well about 6,000 miles from its birthplace.
Jewish literature written in German or anti-fascist is the last vestige of Jewish literature in the German cultural world.
On the other hand, German Jews in exile often chose to settle abroad after the war and refused to return to Germany to start writing again, and young Jewish writers who grew up in exile also preferred to settle abroad.
This meant that many Jewish writers no longer belonged to Germany, and the German literary community lost a number of excellent literary figures.
Jewish writers who once took pride in their German identity, actively integrated into the German literary scene, and promoted the development and progress of German literature were stripped of their German identity and ostracized by the German literary world, forced to leave other countries and never enjoy German cultural life again.
With the withdrawal of Jewish literature and the exile of Jewish writers, it was difficult for Jewish literature in Germany to return to its former level.
Before the Nazi regime came to power, Jews played an important role in Germany's music, theater and other artistic fields.
Active in the fields of cinema, theatre, poetry, painting, architecture, radio and music, the 1925 census showed that Jews (born for religious reasons) made up 0.9% of the German population; However, they account for 3% in the theater and music industry, 4% in the film industry, and 7% in the general category of visual artists and writers.
Measured by proportions alone, Jewish artists, with their extraordinary energy and creativity, are in
The quality and originality left a deep mark on German art and promoted the development of Jewish art and German art.
These Jewish artists had achieved brilliant achievements in Germany and promoted the development of German modernist art.
Arnold Schoenberg was committed to innovative music, creating a twelve-tone system, enriching traditional German music and promoting the development of modern German music; Kurt Weill, on the other hand, features jazz and a new objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit), creating new musical trends and possibilities for musicians regardless of nationality.
Famous German Jewish artists have many names: Erich Mendelsohn and Walter Gropius have made great achievements in the field of architecture.
The outstanding conductor Bruno Walter, known as the "Mozart expert", continued to develop the German conducting tradition and "actively sought out new music".
The painter Max Lieberman was one of the most popular artists of his time and a veteran of the German Academy of Arts.
