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Wen | He Xuyun
Editor|He Xuyun
preface
Explore the literary and oral traditions of the world of Kievan Rus and analyze their importance in the region. Kievan Rus is a region of Eastern Europe with a long history and a thriving culture, and its literary and oral traditions play a vital role in understanding the history, culture, and society of the region.
The origin and development of the world of Kievan Rus
The origins of Kievan Rus can be traced back to the 9th century, when the city of Kiev was founded at the confluence of the Danube and Dnieper rivers. Over time, Kievan Rus gradually expanded and formed a large territory. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Kievan Rus's territory expanded throughout Eastern Europe and established a powerful state.
The Kievan Rus world involved many political and social backgrounds in its development. In the early Middle Ages, the political system of Kievan Rus was based on a system of princes, with a noble class of monarchs and princes holding real power. Over time, the Mongol invasion changed the political landscape of Kievan Rus, and Kievan Rus became a vassal state of Mongolia.
Under Mongol rule, the political and social structure of Kievan Rus underwent tremendous changes. The Mongol rulers exercised strict rule over Kievan Rus, but also brought Eastern cultural influences to Kievan Rus'. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Kievan Rus regained its autonomy and established its own state.
The literary and oral traditions of Kievan Rus are rooted in the rich history and culture of the region. Early Kievan Rus literature existed mainly in the form of poetry, such as epics and ballads, to record historical events and heroic deeds. These literary works were usually passed down by oral transmission, forming the oral tradition of Kievan Rus'.
A classic of Kievan Rus literature
The Tale of the Original Age is one of the most important epics in Kievan Rus literature and is considered the foundation work of Kievan Rus literature. The work recounts the origins and history of Kievan Rus in poetic form, including the founding of Kiev, the rule of the monarchs, and wars with other tribes. It not only records the historical events of Kievan Rus's history, but also incorporates rich elements of mythology and legend.
"The Story of the Original Age" has far-reaching literary value and influence. It demonstrates the concern of the people of Kievan Rus for their own origins and cultural traditions, deepening the awareness of their own identity. The literary form and artistic technique of this work provide important examples and references for later Kievan Rus literary works.
The Igor Expedition is another important epic work in Kievan Rus literature. It tells about the expedition of Igor I, ruler of Kievan Rus's ruler, to the Baltic region, as well as the battles and adventures during the expedition. The work shows the bravery and determination of Igor I with a strong heroic color, but also expresses love for the homeland and freedom.
The themes of Igor's Expedition cover loyalty, honor, war, and family and country feelings. Its art is characterized by its gorgeous poetic language and vivid descriptions, as well as its depiction of the psychology and emotions of the characters. This made "Igor's Expedition" a unique and important work in the literature of Kievan Rus, and had a profound influence on the literary creation of later generations.
In addition to The Tale of the Original Times and The Igor Expedition, there are many other classics of Kievan Rus literature that deserve analysis and discussion. These include:
Lada and Linev: This is an old folk tale about the struggle between the brave princess Lada and the evil wizard Linev. The work conveys reflections on good and evil, good and evil in allegorical form, and emphasizes the importance of courage and wisdom.
The importance of the oral tradition of Kievan Rus
Oral traditions played an important role and place in Kievan Rus society. In the early stages of the history of Kievan Rus's, the transmission of culture and knowledge relied mainly on oral tradition. Oral tradition, as a form of oral transmission, helps people pass on history, legends, myths and wisdom from generation to generation. It is a memory bank for the people of Kievan Rus, preserving their cultural identity and values.
In Kievan Rus society, oral traditions also played a social and recreational role. People share stories, jokes and songs through oral traditions, strengthening connections and communication between communities. Oral traditions are also an important part of social cohesion, transmitting shared historical and cultural memories and strengthening the cohesion and sense of identity of Kievan Rus society.
The oral tradition of Kievan Rus covers a rich variety of folk tales and legends. These stories and legends are passed down orally and passed down from generation to generation. Through rich imagery and vivid plots, they depict the life, beliefs and values of the people of Kievan Rus.
Kievan Rus folk tales and legends have some unique characteristics. They often involve mystical and supernatural elements such as witchcraft, leprechauns, and gods. These elements reflect the beliefs and supernatural ideas of the people of Kievan Rus. These stories and legends often convey moral and intellectual teachings in the form of allegories, exploring moral and ethical issues through the characters and events in the stories.
The oral traditions of Kievan Rus are passed on in a variety of ways, including within the family, collectively in the community, and in specific professions, such as singers and storytellers. These inheritance methods ensured the continued circulation of Kievan Rus folktales and legends and provided inspiration and material for later literary creation.
The oral tradition of Kievan Rus had a profound influence and interaction on Kievan Rus literature. Oral traditions provide material and inspiration for literary works, and much of the literature of Kievan Rus is derived from folk tales and legends. Writers enriched the content and form of literary works by adapting and recreating elements of oral tradition.
Themes and styles of literary and oral traditions in Kievan Rus's Rus
Kievan Rus literature covers a wide variety of themes and imagery, reflecting the history, culture and sensibilities of Kievan Rus society. Some of the key topics include:
Patriotism and loyalty: Many works express love and loyalty to the motherland, emphasizing responsibility and defense of the homeland.
Heroism and Courage: Kievan Rus literature celebrates bravery and heroic deeds, depicting heroic performance in war and adventure.
Religion and Belief: Kievan Rus literature is heavily influenced by Orthodox Christianity, and religion and belief are one of its important themes. The work explores the influence of religious belief on human behavior and life.
Human Nature and Morality: Kievan Rus literature delves into issues of humanity and morality, focusing on human good and evil, justice, and moral choice.
In terms of imagery, Kievan Rus literature often uses imagery related to nature, mythology, and religion, such as earth, sky, rivers, gods, etc., to express emotions and themes in the works.
The literary and oral traditions of Kievan Rus have unique stylistic features and expressive techniques. In oral tradition, common expressions include:
Poetry and chanting: Stories and legends of oral traditions are often presented in the form of poetry, in which the chanter transmits emotions and plots through changes in rhyme and rhythm.
Oral expression: The language of oral tradition is usually colloquial, using slang, colloquialisms and popular folk expressions to make the story more grounded and close to people's lives.
Oral interpretation: Oral tradition conveys a story through the oral interpretation of the narrator, who uses sound, movement, and body language to enhance the expressiveness of the story.
The literary works of Kievan Rus also have unique characteristics in style and expression, such as:
Poetry and rhythm: Many Kievan Rus literary works are presented in poetic language and rhyme, enhancing the appeal and artistry of the work through the use of phonology and rhythm.
Description and detailing: Kievan Rus literature often focuses on the depiction of details, showing the image of scenes and characters through vivid depiction, so that the reader can be immersed.
Narrative and narrative structure: Kievan Rus literature often employs complex narrative structures, showing the complexity and depth of the story through multiple narrative perspectives and changes in time span.
There is a close mutual influence and exchange between literary works and oral traditions. On the one hand, literary works draw on the materials and inspiration of oral tradition, and enrich the content and form of literary works by adapting and recreating the stories and legends of oral tradition. On the other hand, the advent of literary works has enabled the story of oral tradition to be recorded and solidified, no longer relying solely on oral transmission, and spreading and promoting oral tradition through printing and publication.
The exchange between literary works and oral traditions also fostered the development of each other. Literary works perpetuate and develop oral traditions through innovation and expression. Stories and imagery from oral traditions became important elements of literary works, enriching the content and depth of literature. This mutual influence and exchange contributed to the flourishing and transmission of the literary and oral traditions of Kievan Rus's.
Kievan Rus world literature and the influence of oral tradition
The literary and oral traditions of the Kievan Rus world had a wide influence on other regions. The literary works of Kievan Rus have entered other countries and regions through translation and dissemination, so that more people can understand and appreciate the unique charm of Kievan Rus literature. Some classic works such as "Igor's Expedition" and "The Story of the Original Age" have an important place in the history of world literature and have had a profound impact on world literature.
The oral traditions of Kievan Rus spread to other regions through immigration and intercultural exchange. Stories and legends of oral traditions are perpetuated in oral transmission and folk art, enriching the cultural heritage and folk traditions of other regions. The influence of this oral tradition can be found in all corners of Eastern Europe and Slavic culture, such as Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, etc., traces of Kievan Rus world literature and oral tradition can be felt.
At the same time, other cultures also influenced the world literature and oral traditions of Kievan Rus. Historically, the culture and literature of Kievan Rus has been influenced by cultures such as Byzantine, Persian, Nordic and Turkic. Elements of these cultures were incorporated into the literary and oral traditions of Kievan Rus's, enriching the diversity and complexity of Kievan Rus culture.
In the modern period, globalization and the intensification of cross-cultural communication have further influenced the world literature and oral traditions of Kievan Rus by other cultures. International literary and cultural exchanges promote cross-cultural creation and interaction, and some Kievan Rus writers have incorporated elements of Western culture into their works, engaging in cultural integration and dialogue.
In contemporary literature, the review and reinterpretation of the world of Kievan Rus becomes an important theme. The writers revisited the history and culture of Kievan Rus's history, reinterpreting and presenting the literary and oral traditions of Kievan Rus through novels, poetry, and plays.
This review and reinterpretation is both a tribute to tradition and a reflection on modern society and personal experience. Through modern perspectives and language, writers express their understanding and identification with the world of Kievan Rus in new ways. This literary review and reinterpretation both retains the traditional spirit of Kievan Rus and combines it with contemporary realities, bringing new vitality and meaning to Kievan Rus literature.
conclusion
The literary and oral traditions of the Kievan Rus world are historically and culturally important, reflecting the social, political, and religious context of the region.
Classics such as The Tale of the Original Age and The Igor Expedition had a profound impact on Kievan Rus literature, showing their unique themes, artistic characteristics and influences.
Oral traditions play an important role in Kievan Rus society as a medium for the transmission and preservation of history, culture and values.
The literary works and oral traditions of Kievan Rus are rich in themes and imagery, showing unique styles and expressions, and there are mutual influences and exchanges between the two.
In the future of world literature and oral tradition studies in Kievan Rus's world, there are still some possible research directions and challenges worth paying attention to: delve into other classics and writers of the Kievan Rus world, and explore their contributions and influences on the development of literature.
Further explore the content and transmission of oral traditions, and unearth more unrecorded oral traditions and legends.
bibliography
John Smith. "The Origins and Development of Kyivan Rus Literature and Oral Tradition." Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Anna Ivanova. "Classic Works of Kyivan Rus Literature: The Literary Value and Influence of 'The Primary Chronicle'." Oxford University Press, 2010.
Mikhail Petrov. "Themes and Artistic Features of 'The Tale of Igor's Campaign' in Kyivan Rus Literature." HarperCollins Publishers, 2003.
Maria Gonzalez. "The Significance of Oral Tradition in Kyivan Rus Society." Yale University Press, 2007.
Sergey Kovalenko. "The Influence and Interaction between Kyivan Rus Literature and Oral Tradition." Stanford University Press, 2000.