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preface
The Mamluk royal family was founded in the 13th century and its members were converted from slavery to samurai. The Mamluk royal family lasted in Egypt for centuries from 1250 to 1517.
The Mamluks had an absolute say in Egypt's politics, economy, and military. The Mamluk dynasty left a large number of historical sites in Egyptian history, such as the Hasan Mosque in the Sultan and the Fort of Barenberg in Cairo.
The Mamluk dynasty attached great importance to economic construction, and implemented a series of economic policies and reform measures during this period. They promoted industry, agriculture and trade, increased productivity, and boosted Egypt's economy.
A thriving cultural atmosphere was established in Egypt. Under their rule, a large number of scholars, artists, and cultural elites were absorbed, and cultural exchanges and knowledge were promoted. These are the cornerstones of Egypt's cultural development and prosperity.
So what were the strategies and principles of the Mamluk dynasty for governing Egypt?
Background of the rule of the Mamluk dynasty
The Mamluk dynasty ruled Egypt for about 260 years and had a profound impact on Egypt's politics, economy, and culture. The rise and background of the Mamluk dynasty was one of the key factors in its success.
The origins of the dynasty can be traced back to the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt. The Ayyubid dynasty was an Islamic dynasty, formerly known as the "Ayyub" general Saladin, under whose rule Egypt, Syria and other places were freed and a solid regime was established there.
The Mamluks became slaves of the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mamluks were warriors from Central Asia and Mongolia and were used by the Ayyubid dynasty to form armies. Over time, Mamluk warriors emerged as the core of the Egyptian army and gradually gained influence.
In 1279, the Mamluk general Bazin launched a change of power, overthrew the last Ayyubid ruler, and established himself as sultan.
This marked the rise of the Mamluk dynasty and the establishment of new powers in Egypt. During the reign of the Mamluks, the sultan's power was completely in the hands of Mamluk warriors, who firmly controlled Egypt with strength and means.
Before the rise of the Mamluk dynasty, Egypt faced many governance dilemmas. During the pre-Mamluk period, Egypt was volatile and lacked authority and effective methods of governance.
Management strategy
Egypt was governed by a series of management strategies aimed at maintaining national stability, strengthening its own power, changing local management strategies, and promoting economic development and fiscal management.
The Mamluk dynasty attached importance to the building and importance of military power. They realized that the strength of the army was crucial to maintaining dynastic rule. They took measures to strengthen the training and equipment of the army and ensure the combat effectiveness and loyalty of the army.
The army of the Mamluk dynasty was dominated by cavalry, and the cavalry system was adopted, which allowed the army to react quickly and maneuver to fight, maintaining the security and stability of the dynasty. The Mamluk dynasty focused on the organization and reform of local administration.
They established a system of provinces (Wilaya) and governors (Wali), divided Egypt into administrative regions, and appointed loyal and reliable governors to govern.
Economic development and financial management were also important management strategies of the Mamluk dynasty. They took measures to promote agricultural production, promote business and industry, and enhance trade activities in order to increase economic prosperity and fiscal revenues.
The Mamluk dynasty focused on the development of agriculture, improving irrigation systems, promoting new crops and agricultural techniques, and increasing agricultural production.
Vigorously develop industry and commerce, support handicrafts, expand markets, and expand trade networks. The Mamluk dynasty also carried out reforms in the fiscal system, strengthened the supervision of taxation and budgets, and ensured stable and sustainable economic development.
The strategy maintained political stability, allowing the dynasty to rule for a long time and avoid civil strife and power struggles. These strategies strengthened military power and protected Egypt's territory and security.
These strategies have reformed local administration and improved administrative efficiency and public services. These strategies promoted economic development and fiscal stability, bringing prosperity and affluence.
Governance principles
Egypt is governed by a series of governance principles aimed at social stability, rule of law and inclusion, cultural protection and religious governance.
The Mamluk dynasty focused on assimilation and tolerance, building good relations with the local population. As a dynasty of slave warriors, they realized that cooperation and integration with the Egyptian people was essential to maintaining the stability of the country.
Mamluk warriors were encouraged to intermarry with the Egyptian people, integrate into local society, and incorporate Egyptian culture and customs into the dynasty's system of rule. This principle of assimilation and inclusiveness helped the Mamluk dynasty win the support and recognition of the Egyptian people and ensure the stability of the dynasty's rule.
They recognized that the stability of social order was essential for the prosperity and development of the country. The Mamluk dynasty established a strong legal system, formulated a series of laws and regulations, and strictly enforced them.
They established tribunals and judges to resolve disputes and criminal cases to guarantee justice and fairness. In order to maintain social order, the Mamluk dynasty imposed severe punishment on those who violated the law.
It is precisely because of such a concept of "rule of law, rule of law" that Egyptian society can be effectively controlled and the legitimate rights and interests of the people can be protected.
It has created a favorable environment and conditions for the rule of law for the development of the national economy. This is of great significance for strengthening national cohesion, strengthening national identity, and maintaining social harmony and stability.
Egypt's cultural heritage and traditions are well preserved and have contributed to the prosperity and development of its culture. This policy won the support and embracardment of the Egyptian people, and allowed the Mamluk dynasty to maintain its rule for a long time.
The principles of governance of the Mamluk dynasty included assimilation and tolerance, the maintenance of social order and the rule of law, and cultural preservation and religious management. Those principles had had an important impact on Egypt, maintaining social stability, promoting economic development and protecting Egypt's cultural heritage and religious traditions.
The concept of rule established by the Mamluk dynasty not only laid a solid foundation for the development of Egyptian history, but also profoundly influenced Egyptian society, culture and politics.
Achievements and impact
As a dynasty with slavery as the main body, its military strength attaches great importance to it, so it also has outstanding performance in military strength. The Mamluk dynasty built a strong army by selecting and training good warriors.
They achieved major victories in the process of development both inside and outside Egypt, which made Egypt's borders more secure and the country's security more secure. In Egypt's history, the Mamluks were revered as powerful and dignified monarchs for their military exploits.
Important achievements were made in the organization and reform of local administration, and they realized that the effective management of local administration was essential to maintain the stability of the dynasty.
The Mamluk dynasty carried out a series of administrative reforms and established an effective administrative system. They have established administrative bodies at all levels, appointed appropriate officials to be responsible for local affairs, and strengthened local control and management.
These reforms have made local administration more efficient and orderly and have improved the quality and efficiency of public services.
It has had an important impact on Egypt's political system and administration. A relatively stable and orderly political system was established, and a centralized mode of rule was established.
The Mamluk dynasty strengthened the management and control of local administration by establishing administrative bodies at all levels and appointing appropriate officials. This efficient administrative system has contributed to Egypt's political stability and development to a certain extent.
The Mamluk dynasty implemented a series of laws and regulations to maintain social order and promote the development of the concept of the rule of law. These political and administrative reforms had a profound impact on the evolution of Egypt's political system, laying the foundation for later dynastic rule.
Important achievements had been made in economic development and financial management, and they attached importance to economic development and adopted a series of measures to promote trade and commercial activities. The Mamluk dynasty built much of Egypt's infrastructure, such as bridges, canals, and markets, facilitating trade and exchange.
The reform of fiscal management has been implemented, and the supervision of tax collection and budget has been strengthened to ensure fiscal stability and sustainable development. These achievements in economic development and financial management brought prosperity and affluence to the Mamluk dynasty and laid a solid foundation for Egypt's economy.
The Mamluk dynasty made important achievements in the military, local administration, economic development and cultural protection. Governance has had a profound impact on Egypt, consolidating national unity and security, promoting economic prosperity and social stability, and protecting Egypt's cultural heritage and religious traditions.
The historical achievements of the Mamluk dynasty will continue to provide researchers with a wealth of topics to explore in depth their governance strategies and influence on Egypt.
The author's opinion
The Mamluks were a major dynasty in Egyptian history, and his statecraft and statecraft had a profound impact on Egypt's development. The Mamluk dynasty attached great importance to the development of the army and attached great importance to the development of the army.
As a country where slavery was the main branch of the military, they were well aware of the importance of military strength in maintaining their rule and defending their territory. They actively select talents, cultivate talents, and form an elite division.
The force not only guarded the Egyptian border, but also scored a major victory as it expanded outward. The Mamluk army ensured the stability of its rule, while also laying a solid foundation for the establishment of the Egyptian family.
Units at different levels have been established and appropriate officials have been appointed to manage local affairs. The formation and reform of local administrative institutions have further strengthened their governance and control over local areas, and further improved the administrative efficiency of the government.
The Mamluk dynasty attached great importance to the political stability and development of Egypt and played an active role in maintaining Egypt's rule and social order.
In Egypt, it vigorously developed commerce and trade, established commercial centers and bazaars, and made great contributions to the development of Egypt's economy. Effective financial management measures have been adopted to supervise and control financial revenue and expenditure.
Such an economic development and financial management strategy kept the economy stable and sustainable during the Mamluk rule, and provided reference for the establishment of the Egyptian dynasty in later generations.
The Mamluk ruling philosophy was centered on "assimilation" and "integration", and although they were both slaves and Egyptians, they worked hard to integrate with and maintain friendly relations with the locals.
They respect and uphold the religious and cultural traditions of the local people and strive to live in harmony with the local people. The ideas of "absorption" and "tolerance" played an important role in maintaining the stability and harmony of the Mamluk dynasty.
Through a series of laws and regulations, a set of legal system to ensure the operation of society has been established. The public security organs have actively cracked down on illegal and criminal activities and safeguarded social stability and public order. This idea of maintaining social order and the rule of law laid a solid foundation for the rule of the Mamluk dynasty.
Respect and maintain Islamic sanctuaries and buildings, such as mosques and churches. They have made it their duty to protect and inherit Egypt's cultural heritage and have contributed to the continuation of Egyptian cultural traditions. The concept of combining "cultural preservation" and "religious governance" has greatly promoted the development of Egyptian history and culture.
The Mamluk dynasty's statecraft and statecraft had a profound impact on its politics, military, economy, and culture. The work and practice done in many fields, such as military power, organization and reform of local units, economic development and financial management, assimilation and integration, maintenance of social order and the legal system, cultural protection and religious management, are the cornerstones of Egypt's social development and progress.
The Mamluks' statecraft and statecraft had important reference significance for subsequent Egyptian dynasties and profoundly influenced the development of Egyptian history.
bibliography
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