The Power of Faith: Chen Jinghu, an early Communist Party member in Rehe, hiked to Moscow in search of a party organization
Author: Zhang Jing
Chen Jinghu Manuscript (Original collection in Jianping County Chen Jinghu Martyrs Memorial Hall)
Chen Jinghu was one of the early builders and leaders of the party organization in inner Mongolia (including Rehe, Chahar, Suiyuan Provinces and northwestern Ningxia Province). At the low tide of the Great Revolution, he traveled thousands of miles to Moscow in the Soviet Union to find a party organization.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup that shocked China and foreign countries, and a large number of Communists were brutally killed. On April 28, the reactionary Fengzhi warlord Zhang Zuolin killed Li Dazhao and more than 20 other revolutionary pioneers, and the Kuomintang and Communist party organizations in Rehe were destroyed by the Fengzhi warlords, and the party leaders were forced to move to Tianjin, and the revolutionary struggle in Rehe turned to a low ebb.
Restoration scene of the Rehe Revolutionary Martyrs' Memorial Hall
From April 1928 to February 1929, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Inner Mongolia Special Branch Committee, the Inner Mongolia Revolutionary Committee, and the Inner Mongolia Special Committee were established successively, which were responsible for guiding the work of the three special zones of Rehe, Suiyuan and Chahar. In June 1930, the Inner Monte Commission was destroyed by warlords. Chen Jinghu and Liu Gang, members of the Inner Monte Committee, lost contact with the party organization under the conditions of traffic congestion and extremely poor contact conditions.
Suitcases and pistols used by the martyr Chen Jinghu (Rehe Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall)
In the face of the extremely grim situation, Chen Jinghu and Liu Gang were not intimidated, depressed and yielded. With the perseverance and perseverance characteristic of the Communists, they made an extraordinary decision: to trek through the endless Mongolian steppes and deserts, from Lake Baikal through Siberia to Moscow, the Soviet Union, and to try to contact the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through the Comintern.
After more than two months of arduous trekking, the two of them endured all kinds of difficulties and dangers, and finally reached Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, in victory.
File photo: Moscow in the 1930s
With the help of the Communist International Organization, contact was made with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai. After a short rest, the Soviet side used a car to send Chen Jinghu and Liu Gang back to China. In September 1930, Chen Jinghu went straight to Shanghai to report to the relevant responsible person of the CPC Central Committee and asked for instructions.
File photo: Deng Xiaoping and Kong Yuan in 1939
In Shanghai, Comrade Kong Yuan, who is in charge of the work in the north of the CPC Central Committee, received him and listened to a report on the work of the Inner Mongolia Committee.
Kong Yuan briefed Comrade Chen Jinghu on the situation throughout the country, affirmed and encouraged them to brave hardships and dangers, persist in the spirit of working for the party, put forward the direction of future efforts, and on behalf of the CPC Central Committee authorized Chen Jinghu to rebuild the CPC Inner Mongolia Special Committee, and appointed Chen Jinghu as the provisional secretary of the INNER Mongolia Committee of the CPC, responsible for the party's work in Rehe, Chahar, and Suiyuan.
In the face of adversity, Chen Jinghu and Liu Gang carried out arduous work to restore party organizations in Inner Mongolia. For concealment and security, Chen Jinghu assumed the pseudonym Li Tieran. They not only straightened out the original counties and banner party departments, but also set up special military branches, established poor peasant associations in basic counties, and established soldiers' committees among qualified troops.
By the end of June 1931, the Inner Mongolia Committee of the Communist Party of China had reorganized and restored 6 county party departments (Weichang, Fengning, Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Chifeng, suiyuan), with 33 party members; 2 flag party departments (Keshketeng Banner and Xigong Banner), with 7 party members. In addition, there are 4 special military branches with 29 party members. At the same time, the headquarters of the Inner Mongolia Revolutionary Youth League was also established, with 176 members.
On October 2, 1931, a joint meeting of representatives of county flag party organizations was held in Jingoutun, Luanping County, Rehe, and a new special committee was elected, and Chen Jinghu was elected secretary of the Inner Mongolia special committee, strengthening the party's leadership over the anti-Chiang Kai-shek anti-Japanese struggle in Inner Mongolia.
At the low tide of the revolution, Chen Jinghu and Liu Gang, who had lost contact with the party organizations, braved hardships and dangers and traveled thousands of miles to Moscow, the Soviet Union, to find the party organizations, which embodied their firm ideals and convictions and their loyalty to the party's cause, and left a brilliant page in the history of the CPC's Rehe and Chengde histories.
Author Affilications:Chengde Municipal Archives