Li Pin
Shijiazhuang Highway and Bridge Construction Group Co., Ltd
Abstract: Highway engineering electronic bidding is a new bidding mode relying on Internet technology in recent years, which has the advantages of simplicity and efficiency, low transaction costs, openness and transparency. Based on this, the development overview and application process of electronic bidding for highway engineering in mainland China are first summarized, and then the improvement measures of the electronic bidding system of highway engineering are analyzed and discussed, which is expected to provide reference for highway engineering bidding work.
Keywords: electronic bidding; highway engineering; CA encryption lock;
About author:LI Pin (1976—), female, senior engineer, engaged in highway bidding and construction management.
1 Overview of electronic bidding for highway projects
The bidding system first originated in the United Kingdom, and its advantages gradually emerged in the process of application. In the late 80s of the 20th century, a bidding system was established in the field of mainland engineering construction, mainly by the construction unit to a small number of qualified construction parties to issue bidding invitations, and finally after discussion and evaluation to determine the winning bidder. Since then, with the formulation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations, highway project bidding centers have been gradually established in various regions in China, and highway project bidding has gradually entered the development stage of institutionalization, legalization, standardization and transparency.
In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Measures for Electronic Bidding and Bidding, which made comprehensive provisions and norms on the framework, information exchange, implementation procedures, supervision and management of the electronic bidding system for highway engineering projects, which played a role in promoting the improvement and healthy development of the electronic bidding system for highway engineering projects in the mainland, and also provided a guarantee for the smooth development of the electronic bidding system for highway projects.
2 Application process of electronic bidding system
Electronic bidding for highway engineering is only a change in the way of realizing the bidding process, which is similar to the implementation process of actual bidding, that is, it mainly includes bidding and bidding, bid opening, bid negotiation, expert management, agency and construction party management, network data management and other processes.
2.1 Construction of online bidding management platform
The use of Internet technology and platform to complete the whole process of bidding operation is the biggest feature of electronic bidding, highway engineering construction units fully use Internet technology, set up bidding windows on the portal website, and directly release electronic bidding announcements through the window, which can not only save the complex on-site bidding process, simplify the work procedures, but also save labor costs, facilitate more convenient and efficient bidding management. After the bidding unit submits the electronic tender through the Internet channel, the construction unit can grasp the bidding information in time and use the Internet to certify the qualification of the bidder[1]. The above process is carried out in a completely paperless manner, which greatly improves work efficiency.
2.2 Inventory
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Bidding and Bidding and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Bidding and Bidding have specific provisions on the process of publicity and submission of bidding documents, and it is difficult to change the information of documents such as bidding announcements issued by the electronic bidding system, so it is required that the relevant personnel of the construction unit must strengthen the preparation of the list, and effectively shorten the implementation period of bidding to ensure the smooth development of the construction process of highway projects.
2.3 Electronic Bidding
After the construction unit learns the bidding requirements of highway projects through online channels, it conducts electronic bidding through the bidder's CA digital certification key [2], uploads and improves the bidder's qualification certificate, performance certificate, business license and other information, and pays the bidding documents online, so that the construction unit can fully understand and verify the authenticity of the qualifications of each bidder. The construction unit submits the electronic signature and CA-encrypted electronic tender through online channels in strict accordance with the deadline stipulated in the bidding announcement.
2.4 Electronic opening and negotiation of bids
Bid opening simulation is carried out through the network, and all tenders received before the bid closure are included in the electronic bid opening, the supervisor inserts the CA encryption lock for identity authentication, the bidding party and the supervisor jointly insert the CA encryption lock to decrypt the tender, and the network system automatically generates the electronic version of the record and bid opening record with electroacoustic singing.
Randomly select bid evaluation experts in the network database and set up a bid evaluation committee in accordance with the laws and implementation regulations, the system will automatically inquire and clear bids, the construction units participating in the bidding participate in the inquiry and defense of the experts of the bid evaluation committee through network channels, the experts score online, and finally the electronic bidding system will automatically generate a summary of the negotiation score and the negotiation results, determine the winning candidate and compile an electronic version of the bid negotiation report, and then publish it through the network and publicize it according to the required procedures. In the end, the construction unit will decide the winning bidder, and generate and publicize the winning bid notice.
2.5 Remote network negotiation and electronic serialization
Through the electronic bidding system, remote appointment of bidding time and random selection of bidding experts can be carried out, and online collaborative communication with local experts can be carried out to discuss and evaluate the bids, and score online, and the system summarizes and generates the total scores of each bidder, and finally determines the list of winning candidates according to the comprehensive score, and adopts the conference mode and offline bid evaluation committee experts to jointly monitor the whole process of bid negotiation.
The electronic bidding system provides early warning for situations such as overdue processing, abnormal processes, and operations that do not comply with current laws and regulations, and gives opinions on handling violations, and conducts real-time supervision of the whole process of bidding and contract filing of major highway engineering projects at the national, provincial, prefectural and municipal levels.
In the process of electronic bidding, the whole process, including the review of bidding documents, the entry of information of bidding units, the filing of agency qualifications, the management and evaluation of bid negotiation experts, the handling of violations, and service evaluation, are all operated through the network. In addition, the system also has a relatively complete relief function, so that bidders, bid negotiation experts and the public whose interests have been infringed can conduct online supervision and reporting, and maintain the fairness and impartiality of the electronic bidding process for highway projects.
3 Measures to improve the electronic bidding system for highway projects
3.1 Learn from foreign advanced electronic bidding experience
The electronic bidding system of the United States, South Korea and other countries was established earlier, and the bidding for public infrastructure projects such as highway construction projects was carried out through the Internet. For example, in the late 80s of the 20th century, South Korea established a only national public procurement website, and construction units can participate in all project bidding in the website system after registration; The electronic bidding system covers online bidding, online ordering, online contract management and online payment operations. The United States is an exporter of Internet technology, and its federal business opportunity information system and federal procurement data system are also very complete, which can record each federal government procurement information, and is used for the statistical analysis of procurement information of highway engineering and other projects and the comparison of annual highway engineering procurement plans.
3.2 Continuous improvement of legislation
The formulation of the mainland's "Measures for Electronic Bidding and Bidding", "Technical Specifications for Electronic Bidding and Bidding System" and "E-commerce Law" have provided a legal basis and industry standards for the promotion and application of electronic bidding in the field of highway engineering.
The E-Commerce Law promulgated in 2018 provides principled provisions on the legal validity of electronic contracts, electronic payment, confidential technology and obligations, information storage and management, legal effect of electronic data, certification body and key management, legal effect of digital signatures, and electronic qualification credit of enterprises[3]. However, the development of electronic bidding practice is far faster and broader than the law, and there are many unspecified legal issues in electronic bidding practice.
3.3 Strengthen certification management
In order to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data exchange process of the electronic bidding platform such as bidding announcements, bidding documents, bidding information, expert information, bid evaluation reports, construction unit registration information, etc., it is necessary to implement the authoritative CA certification body digital certificate and obtain the "Electronic Certification Service License" of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The construction unit submits the tender through the encryption lock on the electronic bidding platform, and the platform automatically encrypts the algorithm and transmits the encrypted ciphertext to the agency, which will decrypt the tender with the supervisor before opening the bid. Set the management authority of the electronic bidding system, and apply the encryption lock of different institutions to set the authority.
3.4 Improve the public information inquiry platform for highway bidding and bidding
The public information inquiry platform for highway bidding includes three platforms, including the public service platform for electronic bidding and bidding, the administrative supervision platform for electronic bidding and bidding, and the electronic bidding trading platform (Figure 1), and four databases including the database of construction units, the database of agency information files, the database of highway engineering evaluation experts, and the database of practitioners. The establishment and improvement of this platform mainly provides a basic business platform for all kinds of highway construction information release, supplier qualification inquiry, credit verification, evaluation experts, data archiving, etc., to ensure that the information of the highway engineering electronic bidding process is open and transparent, resource sharing and public supervision, and continuously promote the development and improvement of the mainland highway engineering electronic bidding system.
Figure 1 Public information inquiry platform for highway bidding Download the original map
4 Conclusion
In summary, the electronic bidding method is mainly based on network information technology, which can significantly improve the efficiency of highway bidding and save public resources. With the continuous expansion of network technology coverage, the network has become the main channel for obtaining information and communication, and in this network era, highway engineering electronic bidding will surely become the main way of highway engineering project bidding and contract signing. Construction units, construction units, regulatory entities and the public must continuously improve the electronic bidding system for highway projects with the help of the network platform, so as to provide better services for the bidding of highway projects in the mainland.
bibliography
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[2] Mao Huirong. Application of highway electronic bidding[J].Transportation World,2021(19):159-160.)
[3] CHEN Yunmei. Research on electronic bidding in the new mode of project bidding management[J].Jiangxi Building Materials,2021(6):246-248.)
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