Gao Xinxin
Hebei Ruichi Traffic Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd
Abstract: The proposed highway project budget is not only an integral part of the design document, but also the basis for cost control. Combined with the work practice of preparing highway engineering budget estimates, this paper summarizes the issues that should be paid attention to in the process of preparation, quota use and quantity extraction in 2018, takes Tongwang cost software as an example to discuss the problems that often occur in the process of using cost software, and puts forward measures to improve the quality of highway engineering budget estimates to provide guarantee for improving highway engineering cost control.
Keywords: cost software; 2018 Compilation; Fixed; Quantity of work;
About author:GAO Xinxin (1984—), female, senior engineer, research direction is highway engineering cost.
0 Introduction
The design estimate is an important part of the preliminary design document and the technical design document. The approved estimate is the maximum amount of investment in the construction project, and it is also the basis for evaluating the economic rationality of the design plan and controlling the construction drawing design budget. The construction drawing design budget and bidding bid must be controlled within the approved estimate. At present, the cost software has been greatly developed. Commonly used highway engineering cost software includes Zongheng, CCCC Jingwei, Tongwang, etc. The use of cost software can greatly save manpower, material resources, and improve work efficiency. However, in the early stage of the implementation of the Measures for Preparing Estimates for Highway Engineering Construction Projects (JTG 3830-2018) and the Flat Expenses for Highway Engineering Machinery (JTG/T3833-2018) issued in 2018, the applicability of the quota and software needs to be verified during use. Therefore, we cannot blindly use new standards and software, and in the preparation of budget estimates, it is necessary for preparers to keep diligent reservations, think more, keep records frequently, and actively solve problems when encountered. The following is an example of Tongwang software.
1 Issues to be paid attention to in the compilation, quota use and quantity extraction in 2018
On December 17, 2018, Document No. 86 of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China issued an announcement on the "Measures for Preparing Estimates for Highway Engineering Construction Projects" and "Estimated Budgets for Highway Engineering Projects", "Highway Engineering Budget Quotas" and "Highway Engineering Machinery Shift Fee Quotas": "Measures for Preparing Highway Engineering Construction Project Estimates and Budgets" (JTG 3830-2018) as highway engineering industry standards; "Highway Engineering Budget Quota" (JTG/T 3831-2018), "Highway Engineering Budget Quota" (JTG/T 3832-2018), "Highway Engineering Machinery Shift Cost Quota" (JTG/T 3833-2018) are used as highway engineering industry recommended standards; Hereinafter referred to as "2018 Establishment and 2018 Quota", effective from May 1, 2019. The original "Highway Engineering Capital Construction Budget Preparation Measures" (JTG B06-2007), "Highway Engineering Budget Estimates" (JTG/T B06-01-2007), "Highway Engineering Budget Quotas" (JTG/T B06-02-2007), and "Highway Engineering Machinery Shift Fee Quotas" (JTG/T B06-03-2007) were abolished at the same time. Hereinafter referred to as "07 Compilation and 07 Quota".
1.1 Issues to be noted in the use of 2018
(1) The composition of the total amount of the estimated budget is adjusted from four parts to five parts in 07, and the equipment cost in the purchase cost of equipment, tools, appliances and office furniture in the second part is included in the purchase cost of tools, appliances and office furniture in the first part of the construction and installation project cost, and included in the production preparation cost of other expenses of the third part of the project construction; Land use and demolition compensation fees are proposed separately from Part III due to their large proportion of the total project cost. Construction site construction costs, safety production expenses and engineering insurance premiums are calculated separately as the cost components of the total estimated amount.
(2) The sub-item number is no longer 1 digit, and it is composed of part (1 digit), item (2 digits), heading (2 digits), and detail (2 digits), and expands layer by layer in the form of parts, items, headings, sections, and details. In the project code, the sub-items below "item" should keep the serial number and content unchanged when referencing, and the missing sub-item content can be added as needed. The project table adds sub-tables of roadbed engineering, pavement engineering, bridge engineering and other projects, and adds codes LJ, LM, HD, QL, SD, JA, SJ, LH. Many sub-projects require sub-tables of sub-projects, such as 10601 Heisei cross sub-tables (see Table 1).
Table 1 Flat cross-budget items Download the original figure
Unit: Department
(3) Adjust the calculation base, and adjust the original "direct engineering fee" and "construction safety fee" as the fee base to "fixed direct fee" and "fixed construction safety fee" as the fee base. The issues that need to be noted are: (1) the fee is based on the sum of various engineering labor costs; (2) The billing base of the construction site construction fee is the fixed construction fee minus the special fee, and the calculation formula of the construction site construction fee in Table 3.6.1 on page P31 of the preparation method: "[(1) + (5) + (6) + (7) + (8) + (9)] ×progressive rate" should be "[(1) + (2) ×40% + (5) + (6) + (7) + (8) + (9)]", while taking care not to miss 40% of the fixed equipment purchase cost.
1.2 Issues to be paid attention to in the use of 2018 budget quotas and the extraction of quantities
(1) Except for those specified in the quota that allow conversion, the quota shall not be adjusted due to the difference between the construction organization, operation method and material consumption of the specific project and the provisions of the quota. For example, if the substructure of a bridge adopts column piers, the concrete number of the pier body is C40, the cover beam concrete is C40, and the column beam concrete is C30, then the quota of the column pier should not be adjusted when applying the quota.
(2) Earthwork: First of all, we must verify whether the earthwork is balanced: digging + borrowing = filling + abandoning. Example: A high-speed interchange project: 4 316m3 of ordinary soil for the excavation (natural side), and 93 448m3 for the total amount of fill (compactor) (7 755m3 for this pile and 85 693m3 for borrowed earth). 4316/1.16+85693=89414, not equal to 93 448, the conclusion is that the earthwork allocation is unbalanced, after correction: the pile uses 3 720m3 of earthwork, borrows 89 728m3, and then reverifies: 4316/1.16+89728=93448 is consistent with the total amount of fill. If the failure to verify will undercount the borrowed earthwork by 4 034m3, assuming that the cost of purchased earthwork is 30 yuan/m3, the estimated cost will be underestimated by 121 020 yuan, and it should also be noted that the borrower transportation takes into account the transportation loss of 0.03.
(3) The 2018 budget quota 1-2-6 strong rammed treatment foundation unit is 1 000m2 treatment area, and the technical and economic indicators per square meter calculated by using this quota consumption are quite different from the actual construction, and should be priced in units of 100m2.
(4) Roadbed sporadic works: This item is not included in the standard budget estimate project table, so it is easy to miss the calculation. Most of the quantity provided in the design documents is the number of excavated steps, pre-filling compaction and other projects, while the estimated budget of the roadbed sporadic project is 1-1-22 in km, and the quantity should be: total length of the route - length of the main line - length of the bridge - length of the tunnel. The work of repairing the slope, repairing the entire road arch, excavating the soil steps, compaction before filling are included in this quota and are not billed separately.
(5) Ash mixing treatment: ash mixing treatment is a method to improve the bearing capacity of the roadbed, and more ash treatment is used in engineering practice. When the subgrade fill is used to mix the ash quota 1-2-10, the wrong amount of quota will cause a large cost deviation. A project case: the total amount of roadbed fill is 324 825m3, the proportion of roadbed ash is 8%, and the total amount of ash doped is 25 986m3. If the amount of ash mixing quota should be the volume of earthwork, not the volume of ash, if the extraction is 25 986m3, and the unit price of 8% ash mixing treatment is 65 yuan/m3, the estimated cost is undercalculated (324825-25986) ×65=19424535 yuan. It will not only cause the insufficient amount of cost estimate approval, but also bring great difficulties to the cost control at the construction drawing stage.
(6) Bridge engineering: the number of substructure concrete and steel quotas includes: cover beams, ear back walls, table caps, pier caps, pier bodies, support cushions, stops, ribs, column ties, etc.; The ground beam should be counted separately in the foundation works; The pier body should be calculated according to different types and heights, and the cost of tower crane and construction elevator should also be considered separately when using high piers. When the bridge pile foundation needs to be operated in water, the cost of construction measures in the water needs to be considered separately. When the superstructure adopts a steel-hybrid composite beam, the mass of the shear nails of its joint should also be included in the mass of the steel box girder.
(7) Tunnel engineering: When the mixing and transportation of concrete and the tunnel pavement of the cave body are calculated by other chapter quotas, the usage fee of man, machine and small machine tools should be multiplied by 1.26 coefficient, and the concrete loss coefficient should not be omitted. The monitoring and measurement and advanced geological prediction costs required during construction are not calculated separately, and are included in the construction assistance fee.
2 Issues to be paid attention to during the use of Tongwang V10
With the implementation of the 2018 quota, Tongwang software version updates are fast, frequent, and have more version numbers. Budget proposal preparers were therefore required to respond to difficulties with a high degree of concentration in their work.
(1) For engineering projects using factory mix concrete, when the Tongwang cost software adopts the [Part 2018 Estimate] pricing package, the software cannot realize the automatic filling of the concrete mix and transportation quota engineering quantity, and it is necessary to manually calculate the concrete consumption and fill in; For projects considering the purchase of finished pavement and base product mixtures and the use of commercial concrete, attention should be paid to modifying the fixed fee category, and the software cannot realize automatic changes.
(2) When applying the steel bracket quota for cast-in-place structural bridge culvert, the height and width of the bracket should be manually adjusted according to the design drawings.
(3) Calculation of material machine: When calculating the material transportation and miscellaneous charges, it is necessary to pay attention to checking the unit gross weight of the material, the loss rate of off-site transportation and other values, and the above parameters are missing in the software. For example: pavement with mechanical sand, the unit gross weight, off-site transportation loss, and increase the loss rate of one loading and unloading in the software is 0, the gross weight coefficient should be 1.5 to be filled in manually, and the loss rate of off-site transportation should be 2.5%, and the increase of one loading and unloading is 1%; The off-site transportation loss of hydrated lime should be 3%, and the primary loss rate should be increased by 1%. When calculating the miscellaneous transportation fee for new materials, attention should also be paid to checking and modifying the gross weight factor, transportation loss, procurement and storage fee rates.
(4) When mechanical and electrical projects such as charging systems, monitoring systems, and communication systems are prepared by separate cost documents, attention needs to be paid to verifying and modifying the unit price of equipment one by one when summarizing into the main budget documents.
(5) When using the software, it is necessary to understand the priority of the software in the calculation. For example, if the purchased soil is billed for the calculation item, the value of the unit price column of the material is calculated first, and if the value is entered into the unit price column, the total price of the cost is 0, which is prone to omission of this cost.
3 Conclusion
In recent years, with the continuous development of the mainland economy, the relevant management departments have also paid more and more attention to the investment of project estimates, and the control over the estimated budget investment has become more and more strict, and the methods adopted have gradually diversified. Some provinces and municipalities have promulgated measures for the management of budget estimates for investment projects, and established credit information sharing platforms for engineering design units, construction agencies, consulting units, assessment units and other participating units. Therefore, the preparation of the project budget proposal needs more attention.
bibliography
[1] Road Network Monitoring and Emergency Response Center, Ministry of Transport. Preparation method of budget estimation for highway engineering construction projects:JTG/T 3830—2018[S].Beijing:People's Communications Press Co., Ltd.,2019.
[2] Road Network Monitoring and Emergency Response Center, Ministry of Transport. Estimated budget quota for highway engineering:JTG/T 3831—2018[S].Beijing:People's Communications Press Co., Ltd.,2019.
[3] Road Network Monitoring and Emergency Response Center, Ministry of Transport. Highway engineering budget quota: JTG/T 3832—2018[S].Beijing:People's Communications Publishing House,2019.
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