Liu Haoran
Guizhou Provincial Transportation Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd
Abstract: In the bidding process of road projects, the simulation list plays a very important role, and the simulation list will be used throughout the project implementation process. Based on this, focusing on the application of simulation list in road engineering general contracting, the application points of simulation list and the optimization application path are analyzed. Firstly, the application mode of the simulation list is summarized, and then the application points of the simulation list in road engineering contracting are analyzed based on the case project, and finally the optimal application path of the simulation list is briefly described, hoping to provide reference for relevant staff.
Keywords: road engineering; EPC model; Bill of Quantities; Mock checklist;
About author:LIU Haoran (1988—), male, Guizhou Xifengren, engineer, engaged in contract cost management and investment.
0 Introduction
At present, the main construction mode of road engineering projects is the general contracting mode, in order to save time and improve the utilization rate of funds, many road projects have begun to bid based on the simulation list, and the construction period advantages brought by this bidding method are widely recognized. However, the bidding of the simulation list is also prone to uncontrolled investment, so it is very important to deepen the rational use of the simulation list in the EPC model.
1 Overview of simulation list usage modes
The mock list is a bill of quantities, which is a bidding tool derived from the bidding requirements of the bill of quantities. When the construction design is not completed but the construction unit is eager to start construction, it will choose to use the simulation list for bidding, at which time there is a time overlap in the construction drawing design, bidding, preparation of the bill of quantities and construction, so the overall cycle of the project will be greatly shortened, the construction cost will decrease, and the improvement of capital utilization rate is also the norm. Although the use of simulation list can solve the problem of cost ambiguity to a certain extent, fundamentally speaking, the characteristics of this bill of quantities are still simulation, so the accuracy cannot be guaranteed, and the risk of the owner's investment getting out of control is still high.
In practice, the mock list plays an important role in resolving the dispute between the contracting parties to change, and refines the requirements of the contractor; Moreover, it can make up for the shortcomings of post-budget review, solve problems such as pricing contradictions and insufficient design depth, and is also conducive to risk division and prevention [1]. The simulation list realizes the effective connection between design and construction, showing strong cost control advantages and construction period advantages, and is widely favored in the field of engineering construction.
2 Requirements for the application of simulation list under the EPC mode
Since the 80s of the 20th century, the application depth and breadth of the market-oriented concept in the field of engineering construction have been continuously expanded, and the project general contracting mode has gradually become the mainstream. Under this model, the key step to ensure the quality of the project is to bid, and only by selecting contractors can we fundamentally ensure the quality of construction, save costs and shorten the construction period. From a practical point of view, the risk of the post-budget review mode is relatively high, and once there is a problem in the intermediate link, it will cause the project to stop, and then seriously waste manpower and material resources, so the relevant staff need to choose a more scientific and applicable way to carry out project bidding. For the EPC model, the traditional bidding method based on the bill of quantities is no longer applicable, and it is imperative to explore new bidding methods. In recent years, various provinces and cities have increased their regulations on the pricing of general contracting bidding, and mock list bidding has become the mainstream. Therefore, under the EPC mode, the smooth progress of the project requires the rational use of the simulation list.
3 Key points of application of simulation list for road engineering general contracting
Road engineering is the most important basic project, and there are many influencing factors, wide involvement, long construction period and high complexity in the project development link, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of applying the EPC mode. The fundamental reason for using the EPC mode to carry out road engineering is that it has the characteristics of cost saving and fast construction speed, and further improving the level of cost and construction period control is also the main goal of project promotion, so it can be used from the simulation list as the starting point. In this process, the relevant staff should clarify the preparation of the mock list and rationalize the process of using the mock list.
3.1 Operational Points
In terms of the use of simulation list, simulation list preparation and contract management are the two most important contents, which are very important for bidding and construction, and will affect the whole process of road engineering. Therefore, this paper will take the preparation of simulation list in road engineering general contracting as an example to discuss the key points of simulation list application.
3.1.1 Preparation process
The construction period of road engineering is a key factor in project management, and once the length of construction changes, there will inevitably be a chain reaction, which will aggravate the investment risk of the project. Although there are still uncertainties and investment risks in the general contracting of road projects based on simulation list, the risk can be effectively reduced by improving the rationality of simulation list preparation. In the actual operation link, the preparation requirements of the simulation list are similar to the traditional bill of quantities, and the former is a derivative of the latter, so there is operational commonality between the two. Such as strict compliance with the bill of quantities valuation specifications; Compliance with industry standards and laws and regulations; Complete the valuation based on drawings and materials. However, in the process of compiling the simulation list, the compiler does not need to give accurate data, but makes reasonable estimates based on the construction data of similar projects, so as to compile the simulation list. Therefore, in the general contracting of road engineering, the preparation of the simulation list is mainly based on the "Specification for the Valuation of the List of Quantities for Construction Engineering" (GB 50500-2018), the characteristics of the construction site, the design documents of a certain depth, the project standard specifications and the official management regulations. As the object to be referenced, the similar project should have the same location, project purpose, scale, engineering structure and construction time as the project to be built. In general, mock inventory preparers should be involved in practice based on the workflow shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Simulation list compilation process Download the original figure
3.1.2 Precautions
When compiling a mock checklist, the following operations need to be taken into account:
(1) Selection of benchmarking items. Due to the lack of drawings in the simulation list compilation process, it is important to find a project that can be referenced. From a realistic point of view, the more similarities between the benchmarking project and the project to be built, the more consistent the details, the more conducive it is to improve the accuracy of simulation inventory. In order to achieve this goal, the simulation list compiler must comprehensively collect the basic and important information of similar projects from multiple perspectives, and obtain as detailed reference information as possible.
(2) Review the adjustment list. The mocklist needs to be compiled several times to determine the final version, so the content needs to be constantly adjusted to meet real-world needs during the development process. In this link, the compilers of the simulation list need to focus on the scientific selection of indicator information, and realize scientific adjustment from a practical perspective. For example, adjust the simulation list based on structural differences; Adjust the simulation list based on sub-item differences[2]. In terms of mock list review, relevant staff must determine the complete review process, emphasize the rigor and standardization of the review, and clarify the key points of the review, so as to provide a guarantee for the final acquisition of a highly practical mock list.
(3) Obtain a list of standards. In practical work, the simulation list compilers need to strengthen the detailed operation to make the formed simulation list have standard characteristics. Such as decomposing the division project in the benchmarking document; Determine the standardized structure, indicator system and project characteristics of the simulation list.
3.2 Application Process
This paper selects actual engineering as a case study to discuss the application process of simulation list in road engineering general contracting. The case project is located in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, which is an urban expressway. This road project is an urban secondary trunk road, with a total of 2 115m/2 tunnels and 364m/3 bridges, with a bridge-tunnel ratio of 51.32%, and an estimated total investment of about 659.0771 million yuan; The roads are all asphalt concrete pavement, the width of the roadbed is 20m, and there are four lanes in both directions; The planned duration of the case project is 365 calendar days.
In order to properly use the mock list, the mock list must be compiled. To this end, the compilers of the simulation list used Guanglianda Index Network, Cost 168 Index Database, China Construction Project Cost Information Network and other platforms to find the basic information of similar projects and summarize them into tables; Then, after identifying similar cases, the important construction information of these cases is collected in a targeted manner, and the most suitable reference objects are selected. In this link, the simulation list compiler compiles the simulation list of the project to be built based on the construction time, location, area, building structure and number of floors, seismic intensity, total cost, unilateral cost index, and sub-project cost index of the case [3]. After completing the preliminary preparation, make necessary adjustments and reviews according to the actual situation, and then use the formed standard bill of quantities to carry out bidding, contract management, construction and other processes.
4 Optimize the application path based on the simulation list of road engineering general contracting
At present, the demand for the application of simulation list of road engineering general contracting is increasing, and improving the standard, standardization and effectiveness of the use of simulation list has also become a realistic requirement for project development. In order to promote the optimal application of simulation lists in road engineering general contracting, the following aspects can be started:
First of all, improve the level of management. The use of the simulation list puts forward higher requirements for the management level of the road engineering general contracting mode, and the contractor must have excellent general contracting management ability to give full play to the actual value of the simulation list. Based on this, we should actively promote the transformation of the management mode of relevant departments and create good conditions for the application of simulated lists; The professionalism of the contractor should also be emphasized, and talents with professional qualities and rich experience should serve as the contractor.
Second, strengthen quality control. Improving the quality control of the preparation and application of simulation lists can provide a fundamental guarantee for strengthening the application of simulation lists in road engineering general contracting. In this link, unified compilation rules and pricing standards can be established to emphasize the standardization of the work process and the rigor of the work details. At the same time, it is also necessary to enhance the adaptability of project content and comprehensively describe specific projects; It is more necessary to emphasize the uniformity of quantity calculation rules to provide a guarantee for avoiding excessive calculation deviations.
Third, pay attention to risk management. The uncertainty of the simulation list aggravates the investment risk, but strengthening risk management in the process of using the simulation list can effectively resolve the risk of the simulation list. At this time, the issuer, the contractor and the compiler of the simulation list must establish a risk control awareness and attach importance to risk management from the ideological point of view. In particular, contractors must use their personal experience and professional knowledge to effectively identify the risks of the simulation list on the basis of clarifying the requirements of the contractor. In the actual construction process, in the face of identified simulated list risks, they can be resolved through consultation, negotiation, etc., and the relevant content must be clearly stipulated in the contract to avoid disputes in the later stage.
Finally, deepen institutional transformation. In the general contracting of engineering roads, the consulting agency is one of the main subjects of the simulation list and plays a very important role in it. To deepen the use of mock lists, attention must be paid to advisory bodies. To this end, it is necessary to promote the transformation and upgrading of the working methods of consulting institutions and comprehensively improve the ability of consulting institutions to apply simulation checklists.
5 Conclusion
In summary, in the general contracting of road projects, the use of simulation lists runs through the whole process of project development, and its role is particularly prominent in the bidding stage. For developers, the key to strengthening the use of mock lists lies in improving the level of mock list compilation and enhancing the accuracy of mock lists. It is also required that the general contracting contract be highly compatible with the requirements of mock list bidding.
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