There are four editions of Lu Xinyuan's Yigutang Collection: eight volumes, twelve volumes, sixteen volumes, and twenty volumes, and each edition has different degrees of differences in the lower limit of writing, editing, and the time and place of publication of the articles. Among them, the total number of articles included and the addition, deletion, and revision of some articles not only reflect the academic change trajectory of Lu Xinyuan from keen on trials to care about historical documents, but also show his process of collecting group books as a bibliophile.
Lu Xinyuan (1834-1894), zigang father, number Cun Zhai, late number qianyuan old man, Zhejiang Gui'an people. Xianfeng Ninth Year (1859) raised people. In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Jian Guangdong Nanshao Bingbei Road, six years to raise the Lian Dao, following Ding Wai difficulties, Xing Ben returned home. In the eleventh year, Li Henian, the governor of Fujian, was transferred to Fujian to handle the affairs of taxation, trade, rehabilitation, and coastal defense, and to handle grain and salt roads. Because of the discord with the governor, he returned to Huzhou. After deliberately hiding books, concentrate on Dan lead. Lu Shi learned to take Care of Yanwu, so he used "Yi Gu" Yan Qitang. He is the author of about 700 volumes of "YiGu Tang Collection", "Yi Gu Tang Inscription", "Continuation", "Song Lou Collection", etc., and is jointly signed as "The General Collection of Hidden Gardens".
The "General Catalogue of Qing Ren Bei Ji" edited by Mr. Li Lingnian and Mr. Yang Zhong has eight volumes (with one volume of "Other Manuscripts"), twelve volumes, sixteen volumes, and twenty volumes, all of which are collected by the National Library of China. Today, the editing and engraving of the various editions of the Yigutang Collection is slightly explained, and the significance of the comparative study of the editions of the book is briefly explained.
I. The version of the Yigutang Collection
(1) The Eight-Volume Collection of Yigutang
The eight-volume edition of the Yigutang Collection is accompanied by a volume of the "Other Drafts", with ten lines per half page, two crosses, and four sides. At the beginning of the volume, there are five inscriptions (signed "Shuren Xu Zonghui", "Ziyuan Wu Shifen", "Langting Shen Zhaolin", "Deng Fulun", "Dingfu Wang Zheng" respectively), and three subplots (respectively, "Tongzhi Era of April Dehua Wanqing Quinoa", "Xianfeng Jiwei Mengdong Tongli Xu Youren", "Ji Wei Chun February Gui An Yao Cheng"), the prologue of the first article. On the last page of the prologue, there are "Deqing Cai Hui Cang's Compilation" and "Tongli Sun Zhu School Characters". The end of each volume is titled "Yi Gu Tang Ji Volume One", and the secondary line is titled "Attribution to An Lu Xinyuan". At the end of each article in the book, another page is engraved with the next one.
Before the book, Yao Cheng recounted the day: "In the spring of his own life, he recorded his compositions one after another, and obtained more than forty pieces, which are the "Yigu Tang Collection" and are narrated for them." It is known that the book of the time (Xianfeng 9th Spring, 1859) has not yet been engraved. Xu Youren said in the narrative, "The present jun will count the car, belong to the Yu Zhi number language at the end of the volume, in order to give a farewell", tongzhi first year (1862) Wan Qing Quinoa said in the narrative, "Enter the capital please go to the capital, will be In the east of Guangdong." Out of the book shows the rest", most of the people who can be seen at that time are manuscripts. At the end of the volume, there are two lines of small characters marked with "Yangcheng West Lake Street Zhengwen Hall Bearing", then it is undoubtedly engraved in Guangzhou. According to Miao Quansun's "Erpin Ding Dai Ming Jian Fang Daoist Former Guangdong Gaolian Bingbei Dao Lu Gong Shinto Inscription", Lu Shi's Chinese style was followed by the rules to distribute Guangdong to the prefect, and then he was directly supervised by Liu Changyou to handle the matter of suppressing bandits at the border between Dongdong and Yu, and Wang Zheng's inscription "quite heard of hengge prancing horses, and the frequent years of the two ... The situation is in danger, and it is necessary to revive the opportunity" the words should refer to this matter. The bandits were punished, the direct subordinates were left behind, the officials were straightened out, and the Daoists were recommended. At that time, his book should not have been engraved in Guangzhou, because he did not officially go south until the fourth year of Tongzhi's promotion to the post of Guangdong Nanshao Military Guard. The Shao'erYuan Zhiming (韶兒圹志明) says, "In March of the fifth year of Tongzhi, Yu Yi went to Guangzhou", and it is known that this edition of the carving was no earlier than the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866).
(2) Twelve volumes of the Yigutang Collection
This edition of the YiguTang Collection, ten lines per half page, two crosses, white mouth, and four sides. At the beginning of the volume is the "Catalogue of yigutang collections", and at the end of the line, the title is "The Book Written by Cunzhai Lushi", and the table of contents is a total of nine pages. The end of each volume is titled "Yi Gu Tang Ji Volume One", and the secondary line is titled "Attribution to An Lu Xinyuan". The National Library of China's Collection No. 28844 is the print of this edition. There are ink and pen annotations in the book, such as the fifth page of the table of contents "Remembering the Testament of Bian Xiaoxiao", the ink pen changes the word "疋" to "Ya", page six "Yu Gong Says Broken Foot" has the ink character "Fu Yin Yu Gong Ji Xie Bao", and volume 1 "Shi Tang" chapter "Tang" notes "Yin Zhao".
This edition is based on the expansion of the eight-volume edition, and some of the same articles are still printed in the eight-volume edition, which can be inferred from the fact that many pages in the two editions have the same phenomenon of disconnection, such as the "Interpretation" in Volume 1, the "Southern Song Dynasty Wine Lesson Examination" in Volume 2, the "Sending Xu Junqing Zhongcheng to Patrol Jiangnan Shu" in Volume 4, and the "Guiyun'an Celebrity Inkblot" in Volume 5. In particular, some of the articles are not in the same page size in the two editions, and in order to still be able to use the original edition, the twelve-volume edition has dug up and changed the pages of individual titles. For example, in volume VII, "Biography of Jiang Zhou's Judgment", the eight volumes are located on pages four and five, and the twelve volumes are located on pages two and three, of which the page numbers "two" and "three" on the mouth of the book are dug up and changed from "four" and "five", and leave obvious traces. Some articles have been dug up and altered to varying degrees, such as the sixth volume of the "Edict to Guanglu Dafu Prince Shaobao Bingbu Shangshu and du chayuan Right Capital YushiHuguang Governor Wu Wenjie Gong Shinto Stele", the eight-volume version of Wu Wenrong's son as "Raoyuan", the twelve volumes are changed to "Yangyuan"; the eight-volume version mistakenly records the Xianfeng Emperor's temple number as "Xianmiao", and the twelve-volume version is revised to "Xianmiao", and so on.
The date of publication of the new chapters in the twelve-volume Yigutang Collection is unknown, but if there is a date of "March 22 of the Tenth Year of Tongzhi" in the eighth volume of this volume, the time of its publication must be later than this.
(3) Sixteen volumes of the Yigutang Collection
The sixteen-volume edition of the Yigutang Collection includes the Hidden Garden Collection. Ten lines per half page, two crosses in line, white mouth, four sides. At the front of the book, there are three lines of plaque, which are called "Tongzhi Thirteenth Year Age Jia Jia Jia Jia Qiu Fuzhou Reprint" (Tongzhi ThirteenTh Year, that is, 1874). The beginning of the volume is Pan Zuyin to Lu Xinyuan Zha Yitong (three pages), handwritten on the plate. The second "Yigutang Collection Catalog" eleven pages. There are two pages in the tenth of the table of contents page, while the second paper has only six lines of text, and compared with the first paper, the fourteen lines below "volume sixteen" are missing. The end of each volume is titled "Yi Gu Tang Ji Volume One", and the secondary line is titled "Attribution to An Lu Xinyuan". At the end of each article in the book, another page is engraved with the next one. At the end of the volume, there is an article by Yang Tinggui of Maoming in June of the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867).
This edition of the National Library of China has a number of seals, of which the collection number is 7981:59-64," "Guangxu PengziHuzhou Lu Xinyuan donated the book of Guozijian to The Book of Guozijian," "Guozi Supervision Seal," "Secretary of the Collection of the Beijing Division Library," and other seals, which were known to be donated by Lu Xinyuan to the GuoziJian, so they were transferred to the Collection of the Beijing Normal Library.
According to the lower limit of the receipt time of the twelve volumes and the publication time of the sixteen volumes, it is speculated that the sixteen volumes are expanded from the twelve volumes. The number and orders of the sixteenth volume of this volume are exactly the same as those of the twelve volumes, and the number and order of the articles in volumes 13 and 14 are exactly the same as those in volumes 10 and 11 of the twelve volumes. Moreover, the last six chapters of the twelve volumes are "Song Ban Wen Anthology", "Foot Ben CaoTang Ya Ji Bao", "Jingtai Ben Hefen Old Poetry Collection", "Yuan Ben Dong Xiao Poetry Collection", "Interval Theory Book Last One", "Interval Discussion Book Second", which is exactly the same as the six line titles that appear on the second page of the tenth page of the sixteen-volume catalog. This is probably due to the fact that when the writer or publisher made the sixteen-volume catalogue from the twelve-volume edition, he first produced a version that was exactly the same as the last volume of the twelve-volume edition, and then found that the content of the sixteen-volume edition had actually increased, so he re-engraved another edition, and both editions were printed, thus resulting in the existence of two pages with different contents on the tenth page of the sixteen-volume catalogue.
(4) Twenty-volume "Yigutang Collection"
The twenty-volume Yigutang Collection is ten lines per half page, eighteen characters, black mouth, and four sides. The first page has the title of the seal character on the front, and on the back there is a sign of "Guangxu Peng shu Meng Qiu both looking at Yu Yu's office inspection", then this book is engraved at that time. Xu Zhenji's "Relics of the Hidden Garden: The Life of Bibliophile Lu Xinyuan and Others" said, "Six years of Tongzhi ... Xinyuan Gong wrote the twenty volumes of the Yigutang Anthology, which was printed in the first edition of Gaozhou", which is wrong, because many chapters in this Yigutang Anthology were written later than the sixth year of Tongzhi.
This volume is preceded by the Preface to Guangxu Pengshu (24th Year, 1898) Meng Chun Yu Fan, and the beginning of the volume is the "Catalogue of Yigutang Collections" on fourteen pages. The end of each volume is titled "Yi Gu Tang Ji Volume One", and the secondary line is titled "Attribution to An Lu Xinyuan". The Chinese chapters of the book are arranged in turn. At the end of the volume are The Maoming Yang Tinggui and Li Yingjue in June of the sixth year of tongzhi. Li Baori "observed that he had been in Guangdong for more than twenty years", and it can be seen that it was composed after the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887); and the bazhong said that he "gave the books of the Yigutang Collection, the Qianyong Pavilion Brick Record", the "Doubtful Year Record", and the "Jinshi Xuelu Supplement", knowing that at this time all the above books had been engraved. The National Library of China's Collection no. 111328 is a print of this edition. It is a scroll with the seal of "Comrade Chen Yuan's Suicide Note", which is known to have been collected by Mr. Chen Yuan. Volume 20 "Northern Song Dynasty Book Fu Yuan Gui Bao" has a commentary on Zhu and ink pens and Zhu pen point reading. Regarding the annotations to this article, Feng Huimin has an article entitled "Annotations on (Yigutang Collection)" for details, which can be referred to. However, the article states that "Lu's Yigutang Collection has sixteen and twenty volumes" (p. 85), which is inaccurate.
2. Study the significance of the edition of the Yigutang Collection
The above is a brief description of the morphological characteristics of the four editions of the Yigutang Collection, and based on what the author has seen, the time and place of publication of each edition are speculated. In fact, comparing the similarities and differences between the various editions of the Yigutang Collection can also help us understand the following information.
(1) The number of articles in the Yigutang Collection
The eight-volume "Yigutang Collection" contains a total of 52 articles, and the "Other Drafts" is a policy text for Lu Xinyuan to participate in the Zhejiang township examination, with a total of five questions. Judging from the table of contents, the twelve-volume "Yigutang Collection" contains 160 articles, and the actual number of articles received is also 160. However, there are cases of no text or no purpose in this book, such as volume VII's "Biography of Zheng Jun's Family in the Imperial Household Ceremony Department" and volume VIII's "Reading Zhuangzi" and other articles do not see the main text, while volume 10's "After the Collection of Books for the Mysterious Use of the Typhoid Age" and volume 11's "Chunqing Testament" are not found in the table of contents. The sixteen-volume Yigutang Collection contains 187 articles. The twenty-volume edition contains 235 articles.
Judging from the number of articles received alone, the twenty-volume "Yigutang Collection" is obviously the largest, and the "Continuation of the Four Libraries Complete Book" includes this book, which is more or less for this reason. However, a closer examination of the books revealed that the twenty-volume edition failed to cover the previous editions. A total of ten articles are not found in twenty volumes, namely the eight-volume "Interpretation of the Correct Name" and "The Interpretation of Mao's Poetry", the "Examination of the City examination of the State of Yingji Li" in volume two, the "Collected Poems of the Four Iron Temples" in volume four, the "Record of rebuilding the capital city of Huzhou" and "The Record of the Statue of Ma Jiegong" in volume 5, the "Record of Remembering Wang Shuxun" in volume 7, the "Reading Deng Anzi" and "After the Linchuan Collection" in volume 8, and the "Yugong Saying Broken Foot" in volume 9 of volume 12. Moreover, the "Zhejiang Township Trial Strategy" (a total of five questions) included in the "Other Drafts" attached to the eight-volume edition is not included in the twenty-volume "Yigutang Collection". In addition, at the end of the eight-volume "Wine Lesson Examination" in the second volume of this volume, there is a passage after "Far away from each other", "Or: If the inspection is not strict, there is no way to prevent selfishness, and if the inspection is too strict, it is easy to be a nuisance." Then it should be known that the reward that is issued immediately is not private but self-condemned, and only if it is confiscated, it cannot be disturbed if it is wanted. Why? Wine is a thing, brewing sometimes, into waiting, holding also has a vessel, and there is a smell of the fluttering, if other things can be hidden. The neighbor does not lift the hair, but the right one lifts the hair; the right one does not lift the hair, and the passerby gets the hair. If there is no remaining sin in addition to confiscation, then there are selfish people who should lose money, and how can the selfless people fabricate them for no reason? Or another day: if the price of wine is too expensive, there will be few drinkers, and I am afraid that although the country has the name of the lesson, there is still no lesson. It should be known that the price of alcohol heard in a certain time has increased by six tenths compared with today, and the drinkers have not tasted less; if it is increased by another sixth, the fear of drinking will not be able to argue about this area. And the number of drinkers is less, but the class is slightly reduced, and the country is not damaged, and the drinkers may not be less. These texts are absent from the following twelve volumes. Volume VII's "Biography of Zhao Junbie of the Fujian Governor's Grain Road" is written in the following twelve volumes of the "Biography of Zhao Zhongjie Gongbie", and the text has also been added and lost. These contents are all things we should pay attention to when studying the "Yigutang Collection".
(2) Lu Xinyuan's academic tendencies in different periods
Among the scholars of the late Qing Dynasty, Lu Xinyuan can be called "a scholar of scriptures, evidence, and articles and an economist", and should not be "only bibliophile" (see Pan Zuyin quoted in the preceding note). Reading the "Yigutang Collection" can give a comprehensive understanding of its academic and political talents, and comparing the differences between the various editions of the anthology, we can also understand the academic tendencies of its different periods.
Reading the eight-volume "YiguTang Collection" today, we can see that Lu Xinyuan has fully demonstrated his achievements in scripture and science before his debut, and his writing style is also quite tingling. Probably because Lu Xinyuan was actively preparing for the examination at this time, his energy must be used more for the study of the examination, and the "Correct Name Solution", "Frugal Solution", "Mao Shichuan False Borrowing Interpretation" in this book, and the "Zhejiang Township Trial Strategy" attached to the "Other Drafts" are all concerned by the industry. At the same time, his academic characteristics of being proficient in governing history are also reflected in "Li Guang's Theory" and "Zhang Shizhi's Theory of Not Worshiping Shifu" and other articles. The "Original Donation", "Wine Class Examination", "Recruitment of Changxing Refugees to Fill the Army" and other articles have fully presented Lu's political talents, which are in line with Yu Fan's comment that "Jun is both superior to learning, but also superior to Shi, and excellent in both learning and learning".
The twelve-volume Yigutang Collection has more than a hundred articles more than the eight-volume edition, and the inscriptions in the collection account for most of it. It can be seen that with the continuous growth of his collection of books, Lu Shi has turned his energy to academia at this time. The most important change in the sixteen-volume and twelve-volume "Yigutang Collection" is the addition of four parts: "Huzhou Fuzhi Character Biography and Political Achievements", "Huzhou Fuzhi Character Biography literature", "Huzhou Fuzhi Character Biography Art", and "Huzhou Fuzhi Character Biography Yuxian", which is directly related to the fact that Lu Xinyuan initiated and participated in the writing of the "Huzhou Fuzhi" in the winter of the ninth year of Tongzhi.
Comparing the sixteen-volume and twenty-volume "Yigutang Collection", it is found that among the 48 articles added by the latter compared with the former, there are 22 prefaces to the engraved book, and it seems that Lu Xinyuan paid great attention to the engraving cause during the period when he returned to his hometown.
(3) Lu Xinyuan's book collection process
Of course, Lu Xinyuan was eventually famous for his book collection, and the Song Dynasty Building made him even more famous in the academic world. However, the papers and writings seen today have little to say about the process of Lu's collection of books, probably due to the lack of data available for research.
However, if you compare the Yigutang Collection (sixteen volumes) with the Collected Books of the Song Dynasty, you can find that most of these inscriptions are based on the rare books of Lu's own family. For example, the "Yigutang Collection" has "Foot Book Liu Keshi Shu Shu Bao", "The Song Dynasty Lou Collection of Books" Volume 5 is the bibliography "Twelve Volumes of The Old Manuscript of the Poetry Sayings", according to the language "See the "Yi Gu Tang Collection"; the "Yi Gu Tang Collection" has the "Northern Song Dynasty Shu Dazi Ben Spring and Autumn Classics Collection Interpretation", "The Song Song Lou Collection of Books" Volume 8 is the "Thirty Volumes of the Spring and Autumn Classics Collection of Shu Shu Characters", according to the language called "Yu Detailed "Yi Gu Tang Collection"; the "Yi Gu Tang Collection" has "You Da Sheng Ben Song History Full Text", "The Song Lou Collection of Books" Volume 21 is the Bibliography". The full text of the History of the Song Dynasty continues the Zizhi Tongjian in thirty-six volumes, with the "Facts of the Song Dynasty" in two volumes and the "Tomorrow Shun Edition", which is called "The Collection of Yigutang". There are 21 such sayings found in the "Collected Books of the Song Dynasty". And the number of people who have written two books for the same book is not only this number.
The eight-volume Yigutang Collection has only 6 books: "Linchuan Jishuhou", "Classic Interpretation of The Text" (a total of four parts), and "Duan Shi Shu Wen Zhuan". Judging from the text, Lu Shi's study of the books is mostly from their contents, and the correctness of the statements in the books is not involved. From the introduction above, it can be seen that this edition of the Yigutang Collection mainly includes works written by Lu Xinyuan before his birth (before 1858), on the one hand, because his focus of governance is still in his career, but also because Lu's collection is not refined at this time, so the collection of books written by him is rarely seen.
According to the speculation above, the twelve-volume and sixteen-volume anthologies were published very closely together, so the sixteen-volume version is represented here as a comparison with the eight-volume version. There are 86 books in the sixteen-volume Yigutang Collection, 82 more than the eight-volume edition, and the extra articles in these are all written during Lu Xinyuan's birth. This coincided with the ninth year of Xianfeng's Taiping Army under the leadership of Li Xiucheng from Anhui to attack Zhejiang, and the treasures of the old family in Jiangnan were scattered during this period, so lu had the opportunity to expand his collection; and during the second and third years of Tongzhi, he suppressed bandits at the junction of Shandong and Henan, which was directly subordinate to him, and in the first year of His min, he also provided him with more opportunities to search for private secrets in various places. Li Zonglian's "Preface to the Collection of Books in the Song Dynasty" said that Lu Xin originated from Guangdong Dingyou when he returned home, "returned to the hundred books"; Lin lived for six years, and did not forget to "visit near and far"; during the Period of Shi Min, "the zhizhi of seeking books was diligent". These accounts all coincide with the fact that most of the chapters added when the Yigutang Collection evolved from eight to sixteen volumes were mostly prefaces to the collection.
From this point of view, comparing the expansion process of the various editions of the Yigutang Collection, and then referring to the Tibetan and Indian information written in the anthology, "Inscription", "Continuation", "Bibliography" and other books, should provide some relevant information for the study of the process of Lu's book collection. This will also be the direction of the author's next research. (Baby Zhang)