Continuing with the previous article, we will continue to talk about the development of Zhou Yi in the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties.
4. Sui and Tang Dynasties - Summary of Easy Learning. Kong Yingda's "Zhou Yi Justice" Righteous Doctrine School, Li Dingzuo's "Zhou Yi Ji Xie" Xiangshu School
The Tang Dynasty was another peak in the development of ancient Chinese culture. What needs to be mentioned here is that from the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, various dynasties, whether official or non-governmental, began to attach importance to the collation of ancient books, and they either formed a large canon and bibliography, or formed a reading journal and a book to solve the problem, for example, from the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, there was the "Sui Book Classics", the early years of the Tang Dynasty had the "Four Records of Qunshu", the Northern Song Dynasty had the "Chongwen Bibliography", the Southern Song Dynasty had the "Zhongxing Guan Ge Bibliography", the Ming Dynasty had the "Yongle Dadian", and the Qing Dynasty had the "Four Libraries Complete Book". From the folk point of view, from the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were Chao Gongwu's "Zhizhai Book Record Solution" and Chen Zhensun's "Junzhai Reading History", and in the late Qing Dynasty, there was the emergence of the "Four Famous Buildings" of folk books represented by Lu Xinyuan, and these official revision bibliographies or problem solving provided an important reference for later people to study ancient works. In the Tang Dynasty, Kong Yingda's "Zhou Yi Zhengyi" is the representative of the official revision of books, and in the current yixue research bibliography, "Zhou Yi Zhengyi" has a particularly important position, from an ideological point of view, his main suzerainty Wang Bi belongs to the representative of the Righteous School, so the views of the object school in the book are mostly opposed. Based on this view of the Zhou Yi Justice, Li Dingzuo's Zhou Yi Ji Xie takes the opposite view, retaining a large number of Xiangshu characters and views before the Tang Dynasty. As mentioned above, due to the long age, almost all the works of the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties have been scattered, and today we can only spy on the works of the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties through the easy-to-learn works of the Tang Dynasty. In other words, today's study of the Han People's Yixue thought can only be understood through the works of the Tang Dynasty, especially the two books "Justice" and "Ji Xie", in addition, there is another book is Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation", the main role of this classic is to examine the "Zhou Yi" text from the perspective of text pronunciation and character meaning, which is very worthy of in-depth study. Finally, let's talk about the book "Zhou Yi Shan TongQi", "Zhou Yi" always talks about it, "Zhou Yi" is the common source of Confucianism and Taoism, with the development of Taoist alchemy, in the Tang Dynasty, there was an alchemy book "Zhou Yi Shan Tongqi" that highly combined "Zhou Yi" with Taoist thought, of course, this is the result of the development of Lao Zhuangzong during the Tang Dynasty.
Fifth, the two Song - easy to learn the peak.
During the Two Song Dynasties, Yixue developed unprecedentedly. Specifically, it is manifested in three aspects, one is the prevalence of Yi books; the other is the great revival of doubtful and ideological trends; and the third is the frequent publication of classic Yi Li works. By the late Southern Song Dynasty, Yixue thought began to appear cheng zhu occupy the tendency of confluence.
First of all, the Yi book was popular, during the Two Song Dynasties, Yi scholars were good at using graphics to express Yi Xue's thoughts, this tradition began with Chen Zhuo Daoist, it is said that he created the "Yi Long Tu", and later his disciples and re-disciples continued to create Yi Tu on his basis, then there were later Fan Chenchang's "Great Yi Source Flow Map", Liu Mu's "Yi Shu Hook Hidden Map", Zhou Dunyi's "Taiji Tu", and later Shao Yong also created the "Innate Bagua Diagram", until the Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Zhen's "Han Shang Yi Biography" still retained a large number of Yi Tu, Zhu Xi, a master of yi studies, did not reject the use of yi tu to express the form of yi li, and attached nine figures in front of the "Zhou Yi Benyi", which shows that the first feature of the development of Yi xue in the Song Dynasty was the prevalence of Yi books. What needs to be explained here is that from the perspective of elephant number and easy theory, easy books basically belong to the category of the elephant number school, but it cannot be said that the easy figure is quoted, that is, the elephant number school.
Secondly, let's talk about the two Song Dynasties of Doubtful Thought. The two Song Dynasties began in the early days of the Northern Song Dynasty, the most representative of which was Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu's representative work is the three volumes of "Yi Tong Zi Qing", the main content of which is to analyze the ten wings of Confucius's "Yi Chuan" through the form of questions and answers, which are not written by one person at a time, especially the "Zhi Ci" and "Saying Gua Gua" that are not written by saints. This has a great impact on the history of the development of Easy Learning. Of course, although this statement was initially not accepted, or even throughout the Two Song Dynasties, most Scholars of the Two Song Dynasties either wrote the Ten Wings or were written by Confucius or written by Confucius disciples. The second manifestation of the trend of skepticism is the reflection on the text of the Zhou Yi, such as the "Jizi" and "Qizi" of the Ming Yi Gua, the "Qi Axe" and "Zi Axe" in the Brigade Gua, and the questions of whether or not to deviate from the Zhi Gua. The development of the two Song Dynasties' doubtful thoughts and insights promoted the development of Yixue.
Finally, let's talk about the classic characters and works of the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was another peak in the development of Yixue, and even the most prosperous dynasty in the development of Zhou Yi, and I think this conclusion is correct. From the beginning of the Song Dynasty to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, among the Yixue works included in the "Four Libraries complete book" today, the Song people's works are the most. Here I would like to list one or two. Cheng Yi's "Biography of Zhou Yi Cheng", Wang Anshi's "Jing Gong Yi Shu", Zhang Zai's "Hengqu Yi Shu", Shao Yong's "Huangji Classic", Zhu Zhen's "Han Shang Yi Biography", Zhu Zi's "Zhou Yi Benyi" and so on. Of course, there are many famous people, just to name a few. It should be noted that Yang Wanli, the representative of shi shizong, was also an Yi scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Originally, I wanted to end the development of the two sects and six sects today, but it seems that it is difficult again, and we will put an end to the works and characters of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties for the time being. Welcome all Daoist friends to like and pay attention!