The illustrated version of the Dunhuang documents collected by the National Library of China, named "Dunhuang Testament collected by the National Library of China", was published by the Beijing Library Publishing House since 2005, with 146 volumes of Huanghuang, and by 2012, the full picture of more than 16,000 Dunhuang documents in the national map collection was finally displayed.
Using the new edition of the "National Map Collection", the author roughly counts dozens of Dunhuang contract documents, but except for the 8 volume numbers published in the "Dunhuang Contract Documents Compilation School" more than ten years ago (that is, the 43v patch of Beiyin, the 81v of Beiyu, the 25v of Beisheng, the 98 of Beijian, the 59v of Beixian, the 76 of Beinai, the 14 of Northern Zhou, the 41 and 41v of Beiyin), the Dunhuang Contract Documents of Guotu tibet have not yet been comprehensively sorted out and published. Even in the "Compilation and Proofreading", there are still some problems such as incorrect citation of the number of the instrument, inaccurate characterization of the name, and the correspondence between the old number of the instrument and the new number of the "National Map Collection" is also an important issue that needs to be paid attention to at present. This section is titled "Contract Documents for the Collection of the National Library of China", and first of all, the correspondence and content of the new and old numbers of the published contract documents are slightly supplemented, and secondly, the unpublished national map and collection contract documents (according to the unified flow number of the new journal plates) are recorded one by one, and the relevant issues are discussed slightly.
The "National Map Collection" is headed by "BD" to publish the Dunhuang documents in its collection, but because the Dunhuang documents collected by the National Map have been cataloged many times and the source composition is more complicated, before the formal writing, the author first uses the achievements of the predecessors and the "Dunhuang Testament Of the National Library of China" and the "General Catalogue of Dunhuang Testaments Collected by the National Library of China" to sort out the sources, successive catalogs and new and old numbers of the Dunhuang documents in the National Map Collection for the purpose of the main text.
In 1910, after the Qing Dynasty Academy de-transported the Dunhuang documents to Beijing, they were transferred to the Library of the Tibetan Capital Division, from which the library selected a number of relatively complete documents, and compiled 8679 numbers from "earth" to "bit" (number 79) in the order of a thousand characters (100 under each word) (the three characters of "heaven", "Xuan" and "fire") were compiled in 1911, with the title "Dunhuang Stone Chamber Scripture Volume General Catalogue". In March 1931, Chen Yuan used the achievements of his predecessors and the original thousand-character text number to compile the "Dunhuang Aftermath", which was published as the "Fourth Special Issue of the Institute of History and Language of the National Academy of Sciences", and the bibliography was expanded to No. 8743 (the microfilm of dunhuang documents photographed by the national map in the 1950s was based on this number). In 1935, the library compiled a more complete classification catalogue "Dunhuang Stone Chamber Writing Detailed Catalogue", the number is still No. 8679, this time the number is used by posterity, in the "National Atlas Collection" corresponding to the new number BD00001-BD08679, the plates of this batch of documents are located in the 1st to 103rd volumes of this set of books.
In the 1920s, Guotu established a scripture writing group, specializing in the collation, cataloguing, and research of Dunhuang documents. In 1927, guotu selected a relatively complete batch of documents (1192 pieces) in the remaining fragments of the previous catalog, and sorted them with thousands of character numbers, from "ranging" to "chao" (numbered to No. 92) 12 characters ("hanging", "min", "cutting" and "sin" four characters missing) to no. 1192, according to the "Dunhuang Stone Chamber Writing Detailed Catalogue", until 1935 compiled into the "Dunhuang Stone Chamber Writing Detailed Catalogue Continuation". The new number corresponding to the number BD08680-BD09871 in the National Atlas collection is located in the plates of these documents in the 104th to 106th volumes of this set of books.
The remaining two boxes of Dunhuang documents (mainly fragments, head protectors, and plain paper, a total of 190 packages) were stored in the Guotu Shan Book Library, which was gradually forgotten until 1990, when they were "rediscovered". The library then organized a special person to count these fragments, and then unified them into "Lin" (simplified as "L") No. 3879. The new number corresponding to the number in the National Atlas collection is BD09872-BD13750, and the plates of these documents are located in volumes 107 to 112 of this set of books. In addition, the 6 volumes also contain 50 other numbered Dunhuang documents, such as the old 8 documents with the characters of "Jane", "Deng" and "Shan", and 14 empty numbers, and the new number corresponding to these documents or fragments continues to be BD13751-BD13800. In addition, there are still some fragments of scrolls, silk, sackcloth, thangka, ribbon, hemp rope, etc., which have never been numbered and were only recorded when the Dunhuang documents of the National Map were finally published.
After the founding of New China, from 1950 to 1965, through various channels such as allocation by the Ministry of Culture, purchase, and donations from all walks of life, the national map collected more than 1,000 Dunhuang documents into the library, and in 1980, the library selected 1,560 documents from them to shoot microfilm, and unified them into the "new" number. In 1981, he edited these documents into the "Continuation of the Aftermath of the Dunhuang Robbery", of which No. 1065 was recorded. Since 1986, a number of instruments have successively entered the "new" sequence, and finally compiled the "new" number 1600. The number corresponding to the new number BD13801-BD15400 in the National Atlas is BD13801-BD15400, and the plates of these documents are located in volumes 113 to 143 (parts) of this set of books.
When restoring the Dunhuang documents over the years, it was found that some of the documents were covered with a number of fragments unrelated to this volume, and the supplementary paper stripped from the back of the document was also numbered as "Lin", that is, L4001-L4507, which corresponded to the new number BD15996-BD16445 in the "National Map Collection", and the plates of these documents were located in the 145th to 146th volumes of this set of books. In addition, volumes 143-146 are also interspersed with hundreds of Dunhuang documents that were previously compiled as "Jian", "Shan", and "Deng" (such as 1 document in the Jinshi Group that is classified into the Dunhuang Special Collection Library, documents classified into the Guoshan Book Series, documents preserved by the National Language Group, etc.), as well as a number of empty numbers, so the final number of the Dunhuang Documents in the National Map Collection is BD16579.
1. Dunhuang Contract Documents Collected by the "Dunhuang Contract Documents"
The "Dunhuang Contract Documents Compilation" divides the contract documents received into seven categories according to the purchase and sale, convenient loan, employment, rent and tenant code, contract, book-sharing suicide note, and unclear nature, so that although it is convenient for researchers to seek according to the category, it also invisibly separates the original appearance of each document, so the "Compilation School" received by the "Compilation" of the national map collection contract documents are published in order according to their old (thousand character) numbers and the corresponding new "BD" number, in order to maximize the original appearance of each document.
(1) North collection of 43v patch
The north received 43v patches, stored 3 lines, copied on the back of the original volume, and the "Compilation School" was named "Tianfu Ninth Year (909) Du Correspondence Ben Millet Mai Qi Xi Zi " ( convenient loan class ) .
According to the "National Map Collection", the front of the document is copied from the "Myofa Lotus Sutra Volume III", corresponding to the new number BD01943; the supplementary paper on the back of the document is copied from the contract, corresponding to the new number BD01943v, and the name is "Tianfu Nine Years Du Correspondence Ben Mai Su Calendar".
The contract "Compilation School" and "National Map New" have relevant record references, but they are slightly different, and there is a difference between "deed" and "calendar" in the name.
BD01943v, BD16563
BD01943v number is a cut paper supplement, so it is difficult to judge the integrity of the original volume content, and whether it is a practical contract or only a copy of the manuscript, so the "Xi zi" in the name of the "Compilation School" seems to be superfluous, and with reference to the format and terminology of other convenient loan contracts in recent times, such as S.5811 "B Ugly Year So Pig Loan Macchi", BD09520v11 "Peng Shunzi Ben Mai Su Deed Draft of the People of Pingkang Township in the Year of Decay", BD01943v should be "Deed" rather than "Calendar", In view of the fact that the first line of the document has the exact date, month, and day of "the second day of december of the ninth year of the tianfu", it should be named "Tang Tianfu 9th Year of December 2, Du Correspondence Ben Su Machi".
Moreover, the "Compilation School" notes "patch" after the number of the contract (old thousand character text), which seems to indicate that it is originally a supplementary paper, but most of the Dunhuang contract documents exist on the supplementary paper (detailed below), and the cataloger or namer generally does not reflect this feature in the number of the document, which should be noted.
Interestingly, there is another deed instrument that is quite related to BD01943v. BD16563, which is included in the 146th volume of the "National Map Collection", has 3 lines, and is also named "Tianfu Nine Years Du Correspondence Ben Mai Su Calendar", and the copied content is no different from BD01943v number, and the handwriting is also very close. The only difference is that the words "Tian" at the beginning of line 1 and "home" at the end of line 1 of BD01943v, the word "nei" at the beginning of line 2, and the word "Shuo" at the beginning of line 3 are all defective, while the words in BD16563 are all intact. According to the description of the material form of BD16563 in the "National Map Collection", its width and height are 7.3 and 27.3 centimeters, respectively; although the material form of BD01943v is not clearly recorded, the Buddhist sutra on its front is 24.8 centimeters high, and the contract is a supplementary paper on its back, and the height should be equivalent to this and will not exceed this value. Similarly, BD16563 is also revealed from the back of BD01843, and the front of the volume is copied as the Ten Pure Land Sutras of the Empowerment and Wishing. As explained above, the two contracts were either copied from the same manuscript or originally in one volume, and were later cut into roughly equal patch paper to repair the Buddhist scriptures, except that BD16563 was slightly larger in size and the preserved handwriting was correspondingly more complete.
As for the naming of BD16563, according to the reasons mentioned above, it should also be "Tang Tianfu 9th December 2 Du Correspondence Ben Su Maqi".
(2) Beiyu 81v
Beiyu 81v, 3 lines, copied on the back of the original volume, "Ji School" named "Xin Wei Nian Hongchi Township People He Tongzi Dian Male Deed Xi Zi" (rent tenant quality canon).
According to the "North Tuzang", the front of the document is copied from the "Infinite Life Sect Essentials", corresponding to the new number BD02381; the back is copied with two kinds of content, the former is 2 lines of calligraphy that begins with "Ji Chun Yu Han", and a number of blank spaces are copied after the contract is copied, and the two contents correspond to the new number BD02381v, which is named "Xin Wei Nian He Tongzi Dian Er Manuscript".
The contract "Compilation School" and "National Map Collection" have relevant references, but they are slightly different, and the names are also different.
BD02381v
According to the new numbering standard of Dunhuang documents in the "National Map Collection", if multiple contents are copied in a document, the number should be added 1, 2, 3 after the serial number to which it belongs. to show the difference. Although the copied content on the back of BD02381 is incomplete, there is no doubt that the contents of the booklet language and the contract are two kinds, so the contract number BD02381v2 seems to be more accurate.
According to the author's understanding, the Dunhuang documents can be regarded as "Xizi" documents, similar to various incomplete miscellaneous writings, while the "manuscript" can include all copies of documents that are not formally formed or practical. BD02381v No. 2 lines of the first scribe instrument are not finished, which can be determined as miscellaneous writing or xizi, while the copied contract is only 2 and a half lines, and the third line only retains "Zong only canon and ya", and the whole document is incomplete. Similarly, in view of the fact that the first line of the contract has the exact date of the year, month and day "May 8 of the Year of Xin Mi", it should be named "He Tongzi Officiate Deeds of the People of Hongchi Township on The Eighth Day of may of the Year of Xin Mi".
(3) Beisheng 25v
Beisheng 25v, the document copied 5 kinds of contracts, respectively, 14, 12, 1, 1, 2 lines, all copied on the back of the original volume, "Ji School" respectively named "Song Kaibao Ninth Year (976) Mogao Township People Zheng Ugly Tart Selling House Deed Habit Characters ( Buying and Selling Category) " Jia Shu Nian Cihui Township People Dou Lame Hoof Hire Contract Habit Character " ( Hire Deed Class ) " Yi Hai Nian Ci Hui Township People Yin Xing Shen Qi Xi Zi ( Nature Unknown Category ) " Yi Hai Nian Dunhuang Township Dunhuang Er Bao Qi Xi Zi ( Nature Unknown Category) " " (Class of unknown nature).
According to the "North Tuzang", the front of the document is copied from the "Birth Ceremony Text", "Jie Di Li", and "Guanyin Li Wen", corresponding to the new numbers BD039251, BD039252, BD039253; on the back copy of the "Golden Guangming Most Victorious King Sutra (Miscellaneous Writing) Volume I", "Guanyin Sutra (Miscellaneous Writing)", "Persuasion Poem", "Jia Shu Nian Cihui Township People Dou Lame Hoof Employment Contract Draft", "Mahayana Pure Land Praise", "Buddha Mother Zan", "Jizo Bodhisattva Ten House Day", "Yun He De Longevity", "Miscellaneous Characters" , "Miscellaneous Characters", "Draft of the Deed of the Foundation of the Sale of the Premises on March 1, 2013", "Jizo Bodhisattva Sutra (Inverted Book)" 12 contents, corresponding to the new numbers BD03925v1, BD03925v2, BD03925v3, BD03925v4, BD03925v5, BD03925v6, BD03925v7, BD03925v8, BD03925v9, BD03925v10, BD03925v11, BD39250v12, of which BD03925v11 and BD03925v4 were collected by the "Compilation School", but copied by Dou Lame (BD03925v4) in the front and Zheng Ugly Tart (BD03925v11) in the back.
BD03925v
The above contracts "Compilation School" and "National Map Collection" have relevant record references, but they are slightly different, and the names are also different.
BD03925 On the back of the copied content is messy, not only there are many repetitions or partitions, but also many inverted books and many miscellaneous writings of years, months, place names, and personal names, in addition to including two relatively complete contract drafts, "Compilation" will also record three of the miscellaneous sentences and classify them as "unclear nature" contracts, but the actual situation is more complicated.
According to the "National Map Collection", BD03925v3 is proposed to be titled "A Poem of Persuasion", with 6 lines, and the first and second lines of the number are all received by the "Compilation School", that is:
1 Deed of deed was made on February 3, 2012. The people of Cihui Township are deeply presented
2 Longxing Temple. Deeds were made on March 5 of the year of BHai. Dunhuang Township Dunner Bowl
Part BD03925v3
Lines 3 to 4 are the upper parts of the "Exhortation Poem"; the lower part of the 4th to the 6th line are other miscellaneous writings (the 6th line also appears in the sentence "Cao Yuanzhong, the Scholar of the Yinqing Guanglu Doctor and (Inspection) of the Imperial Household", indicating that the document was copied during or after the Cao Yuanzhong period, and the approximate period corresponding to the ganzhi chronology in the document can also be calculated). Therefore, BD03925v3 is actually a synthesis of various miscellaneous writings, rather than just "a poem of persuasion", and its name may be more accurate as "Miscellaneous Writings such as Contract Terms".
Look at the connection between the other contents copied on the back of BD03925. BD03925v4 is the Dou Lame Deed, and there is also a miscellaneous line between the contract and BD03925v5 "Mahayana Pure Land Praise", that is, "Feng Shu Shu, the King is there." Hurry like a law. Suo Zi wrote by hand". The epilogue of BD03925v5 is also "Zhijin, Suo Remnant Self-inscribed Ear, Exchange Long Circle".
Part BD03925v
BD03925v6 "Buddha Mother Praise" is entitled "Yi Hai Zheng Yue 22 Days Li Deed." Kindness", similar to the two contractual terms that appear in BD03925v3. BD03925v7 "Jizo Bodhisattva Ten Fasting Days" epilogue "Zhijin Secretary Question". BD03925v9 The last line of "Zhu Miscellaneous Characters" begins with the title "February 28, 28th year of the CZi, Suo Remnant, Jin" ("Compilation School" received), followed by a number of miscellaneous words. BD03925v10 and BD03925v11 again appear in the monk Zhi (Zhi) Jin's copied inscription (more on below). Therefore, most of the content copied on the back of BD03925 is related to Suo Zi or Zhi (Zhi) Jin, but their names sometimes seem to be official scribes, and sometimes they only seem to be random scribbles. It is worth noting that the "Compilation School" mistakenly recorded the suo remnant inscription at the end of BD03925v9 and the Zhijin inscription at the end of BD03925v10 (when it was the beginning of BD03925v11 Zheng Ugly Tart Deed, detailed below) as the content of the same contract, which should be corrected.
About the time and persons who appear in the name of the instrument. BD03925v4 is Dou Lame Hoof Deed, and the first line has the exact date of the year and month "Jia Shu Year First Day Li Deed"; the second line describes dou lame hoof hiring "Longle Township Dunner Bowl" male creation, and the name "Dunner Bowl" appears in the form of miscellaneous writings in the second line of BD03925v3, which further indicates that there is a close connection between the two relatively complete contract drafts on the back of BD03925 and other contract language miscellaneous. Specific to the name of BD03935v4, it should be "The Draft of the Deed of The People of Cihui Township on the First Day of the First Month of the First Month
BD03925v11 Zheng Ugly Tart Deed appears twice, namely "Great Song Kaibao Eight Years of the Eighth Year of the Third March 1st" and line 14 of the "March 1st of the Year of the Czi", so the name of the contract should be based on the exact year number that appears therein. In addition, the contract first describes the location of the house where Zheng Ugly Tart is located and the courtyard of the four to the courtyard, and then states that he is willing to sell the "mouth and the land house" because of the family's poverty, and the text does not specifically involve "foundation", so it seems more appropriate to have no word "foundation" in the name. In summary, BD03925v11 should be named "Song Kaibao 9 March 1, 2013 Mogao Township People Zheng Ugly Tart Sale Of House Deed Draft". In addition, according to the "National Map Collection", the "Miscellaneous Characters" copied before BD03925v11, that is, BD03925v10, has the "Deed of 28 February of the Year of the CZi.". Monk Zhijin book" sentence, and the last line of BD03925v11 is also the sentence of "Monk Zhijin's Ear Notes from the Handwriting", it can be seen that the last sentence of BD03925v10 should be related to BD03925v11, and has nothing to do with the miscellaneous writing of "February 28, 28th of the year of Czi, Suo Zijin" that appears in BD03925v9.
In short, many of the years and names related to the contract that appear on the back of BD03925 are interspersed with other contents and only 1 line, so it is difficult to be regarded as a contract, and from the perspective of naming, it seems that it should be "contract miscellaneous". According to the study of the "Compilation School" and the "National Map Collection", although the former has noticed some of the contractual terms that appear in them, there are still many omissions in the transcripts; although the latter lists and explains these terms in detail in the catalogue of articles, it does not link them to the contract terms, and comprehensively analyzes the relationship and value between them.
(4) Northern Sword 98
Northern Sword 98, 13 lines in existence, "Ji School" named "Yi Hai Nian Gold and Silver Craftsman Zhai Xinzi and Other Three People's Form" (by contract category).
According to the Guotu Collection, the document is copied on the front of the "Myofa Lotus Sutra Volume II", corresponding to the new number BD04698; the back copy of the contract, corresponding to the new number BD04698v, named "Zhai Xinzi et al. for the old year of the debt and judgment".
Both the "Compilation School" and the "National Map Collection" of this instrument have relevant references, but they are slightly different, and the naming and characterization of the instrument are completely different.
Judging from the content, the first 11 acts of BD04698v zhai Xinzi stated that due to the lack of seeds, they borrowed Mai Sanshuo from Gaodutou together in the year of Jia Shu, and then repaid in batches in the three years of the year, the year of Yihai, and the year of Chengzi due to heavy interest, and there were still two shuos that had not been repaid until "this year", just in time for Ah Lang to "grant him amnesty and cut off the old year's debts", so the petition requested that "Ah Lang specially grant public certificates and lay off the punishment", that is, to cancel the remaining debts; line 12-13 is the judgment and signature for Ah Lang to exempt Zhai Xinzi and others from debts. Therefore, although the instrument is related to grain lending, the content is not a contract, but a petition and judgment for requesting the discharge of debts, and it is inappropriate for the "Compilation School" to regard it as a "contract by contract", and its characterization and name should be subject to the "National Map Collection". As for the specific year written in the document, it is difficult to determine for a while because the loan relationship continues from the year of the first to the year of the Czi, and the "year" that appears may refer to the year of the Czi or the year after it.
(5) Beixian 59v
Beixian 59v, the document copied 7 kinds of contracts, respectively, 14, 15, 15, 12, 9, 10, 11 lines, all copied on the back, "Compilation School" respectively named "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Household Leader Li Tingxiu et al. Please Ben Mai Mu (with punishment) (convenient loan category), "Ugly Year Kaiyuan Temple Household Zhang Monk Slave and others please Ben Mai Mu (with punishment)" (convenient loan class), "Ugly Year Anguo Temple Household Household Fengshi and other please Ben Mai Mu (with punishment)" (convenient loan category), "Ugly Year Spiritual Cultivation Temple Household Leader Liu Jinguo and other please Ben Mai Mu (with sanctions)" (Convenient loan category), "Ugly Year Golden Guangming Temple Household Tuantou Shi Taiping et al. Please Ben Mai Mu (with punishment)" (convenient loan category), "Ugly Annual Report En Temple TuanTou Liu Sha Sha and other please Ben Mai Mu (with sanctions)" (convenient loan category), "Yin Nian Monk Ci Lantern Hire Doctor Yu Ying Zhen To create a Buddhist hall deed" (employment class).
According to the "Guotu Collection", the front copy of the document is copied "Mahayana Rice Sutra with Listening", corresponding to the new number BD06359; on the back copy is "Oil Noodles Crisp into the Broken Calendar", "List of Monks in the Tubo Period", "The Lotus Lantern of the Lingshu Temple in the Unen Year", "The Transcript of the Transmission of the Lotus Festival", "The Deed of the Yinnian Monk Ci Lantern Hires Dr. Ying Yingzhen to Create the Buddhist Hall Deed" (inverted book), "The Ugly Annual Report en Temple Renhu Tuantou Liu Shasha Asks for Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Household Leader Li Tingxiu and Others Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Household Tuan Head Li Tingxiu and Others Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Household Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Household Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Tingxiu", "Xin Ugly Year Longxing Temple Tuan Tuan Head Li Ting Ugly Year Kaiyuan Temple Household Zhang Monks and Slaves, etc. Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment" "Ugly Year Anguo Temple Household Fengshi And Others Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Ugly Year Spiritual Monastery Head Liu Jinguo and Others Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Ugly Year Golden Guangming Temple Household Tuan Tuan Tuan Shi Taiping and Other Please Ben Mai Mu and Punishment", "Na Shu Calendar", "The Mai Su Calendar of the Temple" (Inverted Book), etc., corresponding to the new numbers BD06359v1, BD06359v2, BD06359v3, BD06359v3, BD06359v4, respectively, BD06359v5, BD06359v6, BD06359v7, BD06359v8, BD06359v9, BD06359v10, BD06359v11, BD06359v12, of which BD06359v4-BD06359v10 was received by the "Compilation School", but according to the transcription order, Dr. Ci Deng hired Dr. Shun to create a Buddhist hall deed (BD06359v4) was copied at the front. After that, Liu Shasha and others invited Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v5), Li Tingxiu and others asked Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v6), Zhang Sangnu and others asked Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v7), Fengshi Et al. please Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v8), Liu Jinguo and others please Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v9), Shi Taiping and others please Ben Mai Mu (BD06359v10).
The above documents "Compilation School" and "National Map Collection" have relevant record references, but they are slightly different, and the names are also different.
According to the author's understanding of the nature of the contract document, the above request is not a contract in the strict sense, so there is only one contract copied on the back of BD06359, that is, BD06359v4. The first line of the contract has the exact date of the year and month "August 7 of the Year of Yin", so it should be named "Deed of the Monk Ci Lantern on the Seventh Day of August of the Year of Yin".
(6) North is 76
Bei Nai 76, 11 lines in existence, "Ji School" named "Jia Chen Nian Hongchi Township People Settle in and Sell The Deed" (trading class). Mr. Shachi mentioned in the note that the contract is made up of 4 fragments from the back of the original volume, which will be numbered with a new number.
According to the "National Map Collection", the front of the document is copied from the "Heaven and Earth Eight Yang Divine Mantra Sutra", corresponding to the new number BD08176, and there is no content on the back, but there are 27 pieces of supplementary paper that have been unveiled, and the current number is BD16238-BD16246. The settlement deed is indeed conjugated by 4 pieces of supplementary paper, which was originally numbered L4113, corresponding to the new number BD16238, and the name is the same as "Compilation School".
BD16238
Both the "Compilation School" and the "National Map Collection" of the contract have relevant references, but they are slightly different.
It should be noted that this batch of supplementary paper from the back of BD08176 has nothing to do with the original number due to the renumbering. According to the second line of BD16238, there is an exact date of the year and month "When the 12th of November of the Year of Jiachen", the contract should be named "The Deed of Sale of the People of Hongchi Township on November 12, 12th of the Year of Jiachen".
(vii) Northern Zhou 14
In the 14th of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, 4 kinds of contracts were copied in the document, which were stored in lines 6, 10, 7, and 32 respectively, and the "Compilation School" was named "The Contract of Selling Bells□ and Lanterns of the People's Soldiers and Horses of the People's Army in the Year of The Year of The Divine Sand Township was named "The Contract deed of the soldiers and horses of the People's Army and Horses of the Shensha Township" (trading class), "The Title of the Leader of the Regiment of the Regiment of the Xin Younian Regiment and the Rice Pingshui and Other Collars" (by the category of the Covenant), "The Letter of Inheritance of the Brothers of the Fourth Brother of the East of the Unknown Age", "The Letter of The Unknown Age of the Fox Leaving The Uncle and nephew of the Gongdong Four Obstruction Brothers" (the category of the Book of The Suicide Note).
According to the "National Map Collection", the □ sale of bell deeds and Mi Pingshui and other collar documents are two independent documents under the same number, and the corresponding new numbers are BD09239B and BD09239A, which are named "The Contract of Selling Bells in the Shensha Township of the Year of Yingchen" and "The Deed of Selling Bells in the Xiangliu Township of the Year of The Year of Xin You", "The Deed of Selling Bells in the Year of Xin Younian Tuantou Kangshi Pillar Mi Ping Shui Delivery of All Objects". As for Lü Mou's publication, according to the "Compilation School", the document is a fragment from the back of The 14th of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and it will have a new number. According to the "National Map Collection", the document is actually from the back of Bei Nai No. 76, one of the 27 pieces of supplementary paper, the original number is L4113, corresponding to the new number BD16239, named "Xin Younian Lü Mou out of the Society Deed".
Similarly, Ling Huliu left his uncle and nephew and other sub-production documents, which according to the "Compilation School", was one of the newly discovered documents found in 1993 when the National Map and Dunhuang Documents were sorted out, and had not previously been found in the issued microfilm. According to the "National Map Collection", the old number of the document is actually Northern Zhou No. 21, corresponding to the new number of BD09300, and the name is "Ling Fox Liu Liu Uncle and Nephew and Other Branches of Property".
The above documents "Compilation School" and "North Tuzang" have relevant references, but they are slightly different, and the names are also different.
BD09239B No. 1 has the exact date of the year and month "December 18th of the Year of Propylene", so it should be named "December 18th of the Year of Propylene". As for BD09239A, when the contract for the delivery of (millet, wheat, hemp, oil) and other ten people including Kang Shizhu of the Fourth Regiment head to the fifth regiment head Mi Pingshui and other ten people and the signature of Mi Pingshui and others, rather than a contract in the strict sense, the name shall also be subject to the "National Map Collection".
BD16239 Lü Mou's letter, according to the original volume of the first line of the first line "Xin Younian November 1 deed." Lü", line 7 also has the sentence "This deed, used as a post-reliance", it can be seen that the document is "deed" rather than "deed", and the name should be "Lü Mou's deed of leaving the society on November 1, 11 of the year of Xin You".
BD09300 Order Fox Liu Liu Uncle nephew and other property books, the original volume of lines 1-2 is damaged, can not know the exact date. According to the contents of the document, this is a contract of dissolution of property based on the three brothers of Linghu Liuliu, Shen Nu, and Zhuzhu and his niece and son, and the "four defense (fang) brothers" monks Huiman, Shengzi, Shengjun, and Wenwen appear in the document are only witnesses to this analysis of property, so the name of the document should be subject to the "National Map Collection".
BD16239
In short, the four documents originally attributed to the Northern Zhou No. 14 are of different nature and provenance, except that BD09239A is not a contract, the original numbers of BD16239 and BD09300 are Beinai 76 and Northern Zhou No. 21, respectively, due to the conditions of not being able to see the original volume, the "Compilation School" mistakenly attributed these two documents to the Northern Zhou No. 14, with the publication of the "National Atlas" plate and the passage of the new number of the document, we should revise its new number when using these two instruments in the future.
(viii) Beiyin 41 and 41v
Beiyin 41, the document copied 5 kinds of contracts, respectively, 7, 8, 5, 9 lines, "Ji School" respectively named "癸未年王 Spoon Spoon Spoon Dun Loan Silk Deed (Draft)" (convenient loan class), "Shen Yanqing Loan Buqi (Draft)" (Convenient Loan Class), "Yan Wei Nian Longle Township Wende Employment Deed Xi Zi" (Employment Deed Class), "Yan Wei Nian Zhang Xiu Zhao Hire Camel Deed (Xi Zi Class)" (Employment Deed Category), "Yan Wei Nian Zhang Xiu Zhao Hire Camel Deed Xi Zi" (Employment Deed Class); Bei Yin 41v, Deposit 5 Lines, "Compilation School" Named "Contract" Peng Shunzi, a commoner in Pingkang Township, was drafted on the contract of wheat millet (convenient loan).
According to the "National Map Collection", the front of the document is "MuQi Buddha Statue", corresponding to the new number BD09520; the back is composed of three parts, the first part is BD09520v1, copied with two poems of seven words; the second part is BD09520v2 "The Manuscript of the Silk Deed of the King Spoon Spoon in March of the Year of Decay", the BD09520v3 "The Contract of Employment of Workers in Longle Township in March of the Year of Decay", the BD09520v4 "The Draft of the Deed of Shen Yanqing of the People of Pingkang in April of the Year of Decay", and the BD09520v5 In April of the year of The Year of Decay, Zhang Xiuzhuo was drafted in The Contract of Wang Tongtong's Employment of Camels, BD09520v6 "The Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels in April of the Year of Yande", and BD09520v11 was "The Manuscript of the Contract of Peng Shunzi in Pingkang Township in May of the Year of Yanwei"; the third part, BD09520v7-10, was reposted by various social divisions. Although Peng Shunzi's wheat millet contract is separated from other contracts by several social division reposts, it is also copied on the back of the document, that is, the contracts that appear in this document are copied on the back of it instead of the front and back.
The above contracts "Ji School" and "North Tuzang" have relevant record references, but they are slightly different, and the names are also different.
The 6 contract documents copied on the back of BD09520 all appear in the specific years, months and days, which should be reflected in the name of the document, for example, in the "National Map Collection", the "hundred" word is omitted in the name of BD09520v 3, the word "surname" is not added; the word "township" is omitted in the designation of BD09520v4, and the word "loan" is mistakenly used as "goods". Therefore, the above documents should be named "Draft of the Contract of Employment of Workers of Longle Township on The Twenty-eighth Day of March of the Year of The Year of Decay", "The Draft of the Contract of Employment of the People of Longle Township on the Twenty-eighth Day of the Year of The Year of Decay", "The Draft of the Contract of Shen Yanqing of the People of Pingkang Township on April 15 of the Year of The Year of Yan Wei", "The Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels on April 15, 2015, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by Zhang Xiuzuo on July 15, 200 Years of The Contract of Hiring Camels", and the Draft of the Contract of The Contract of Hiring Camels in Pingkang Township (Hundred) on May 16 of the Year of Yan Wei Year.
Through some brief introductions and corrections, and with reference to the plates and articles of the Guotu Collection, it is possible to understand more clearly the comparison and change between the old and new numbers of the Dunhuang contract documents of the Northern Tuzang collected by the "Compilation and Proofreading", as well as some omissions or changes in the scope of inclusion by the author. The changes between the old and new numbers of the national map and collection contract documents received in the "Compilation School" are summarized as follows:
North collection 43v smd = BD01943v
Beiyu 81v=BD02381v2
Beisheng 25v = BD03925v3, BD03925v4, BD03925v11, etc
Beijian 98=BD04698v
Beixian 59v=BD06359v4
Kita 76 (=BD08176) ≠ BD16238, BD16239
Northern Week 14 = BD09293B
Northern Week 21 = BD09300
Beiyin 41v=BD09520v2—BD09520v6, BD09520v11
2. Other Dunhuang contract documents collected in the "Dunhuang Testament collected by the National Library of China"
In addition to the several volume numbers collected in the "Compilation School", dozens of Dunhuang contract documents are also published in the "National Map Collection", and the author makes a simple compilation of the contract documents within his eyes according to the flow number of the documents.
(1) BD01695v1, v2, v3, BD16134, BD16153, BD16498, etc
BD01695 no. 1695 is "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" on the front, and there are 4 pieces of supplementary paper on the back, and the "National Map Collection" is called "Yang Wensheng Tenant Seed Deed", and points out that BD01695v1 and BD01695v2 can be conjugated. However, according to the IDP plate, 3 of the 4 pieces of supplementary paper have been stripped away, and 1 piece, BD01695v4, is still glued to the back of the Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra. In the stripped 3 fragments, BD01695v1 and BD01695v3 are connected up and down, but from the perspective of text, there is no conjugation between them. Moreover, the content of BD01695v4 does not seem to be related to the other 3 blocks, and the 4 fragments are now recorded as follows:
BD01695
BD 1695v 4号
BD01695v1, v2, v3
BD16134
BD01770 "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" unveiled the back of 8 pieces of ancient supplementary paper, 7 pieces of repaired and compiled into BD16134, 1 piece of plain paper, woven as BD16135. BD16134 consists of 7 fragments in the order A-G, the old L4070, and the National Map Collection is named "Contract". The height and width of BD16134 are: 8.2, 3, 6.4, 3.5, 8.2, 7.1, 3.7, 4.3, 5.6, 6.4, 6.6, 2.3, 8.1, 3.6 cm. According to the plate and article catalog, A, F, B, G can be directly concatenated, and the fragments are recorded according to the order of the number (and conjugation) of the pieces as follows:
According to the "National Map Collection" and the above record, the A-G film of BD16134 cannot be directly attached. Analyzing the content of each film, C and D films are probably the deed time, E films are probably the deed text that describes the antecedents and consequences, while B + G films are penalties for breach of contract, and A + F films are the end of the deed. Contracts with similar terms above can be found in: S.3877v "Tang Qianning Four Years (897) Pingkang Township People Zhang Yiquan Sells The Deed of Practice" "If there is a first repentant, the penalty is given to the wheat three to pick up the horse, and the unrepentant person is charged." Fearing that people have no faith, the two communists face the pingzhang, so they each personally detained the signature, and used it to test it later"; S.1285 "Later Tang Qingtai Three Years (936) The People Yang Kulu Fed the Sale of The Deed" "If the first repentant punishes Qingmai to pick up wu and charge the unrepentant." Fearing that people will not have faith, this instrument will be used as a posterity" and so on.
S.12603
S.1687 "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" has 7 pieces of supplementary paper on the back, and the editors have unified the name "Fragments (Convenient Loan Calendar)". Three of the handwriting are relatively clear, with 5, 3 and 1 lines of text stored respectively. Later editors also compiled these pieces of supplementary paper as S.12603, of which S.12603A, 18 cm high and 14.2 cm wide, stored 5 lines of text; S.12603B, 10.8 high, 5.5 cm wide, stored 3 lines of text, unified proposed to be "residual deed". S.12603C, height 4.7, width 3.7 cm, 1 line of text, illegible handwriting, quasi-name "fragments". Mr. Rong Xinjiang proposed S.12603A, B and C as "Contract". "Compilation Of Schools" and "Collection of Materials" 5 respectively named S.12603A "Date Unknown Residue Deed" and "Year Unknown Residue Deed". The Anglo-Tibetan Dunhuang Literature Interpretation will still have fragments as S.1687v and be titled Fragments (Contract). The 2 fragments are also recorded as follows:
S.1687v号
S.12603A、B、C号
S.12603A
(Former absence)
1 Landlord Yang Wencheng (pledged)
2 Guarantor Yang Wensheng (pledged)
3 See people dragons again
4 See man Li Zai (pledge)
BD16153
BD01759 "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" unveiled on the back of the ancient supplement paper 2 pieces, the old number L4080, now numbered BD16152, BD16153, the former is plain paper, the latter remains 3 lines, lines 11-13 words, the proposed name "Da Shun 2nd Year Tenant Land Deed", because the fragment volume title Da Shun 2 years, so it can be determined to belong to the Gui Rebel Period writing.
BD16153
BD16498
BD16198 is an ancient patch of paper removed from the back of BD01692's Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra, consisting of 2 fragments, of which A is 9.4 cm high and 5.8 cm wide; B is 1 high and 7.4 cm wide. According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the 2 fragments are recorded as follows:
BD16498A and B were originally one volume, but the content could not be connected, and the words and phrases such as "if there is a difference", "limited to the term", "regret first", etc., are close to some contractual terms, which may be the basis for their name "contract".
According to the recent research of Mr. Zhang Yongquan and Mr. Luo Mujun, the fragments of the above as supplementary papers are all from the back of the same volume of the Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra, of which "Yang Wensheng (Cheng)" appears in the main text of the contract and the signing part of the deed, indicating that there is a certain conjugation or articulation relationship between the fragments, and some of the fragments can be conjugated to form a lease deed for the second year of DaShun, that is:
BD16153+BD01695v1+BD01695v2+BD16498A+BD01695v3+BD16134(B+G)+BD16134(A+F)+S.12603A"Tang Dashun 2nd Year (891) 7th Day of the First Month Yang Wensheng Lease Land Title"
On the seventh day of the first month of the second year of Da Shun, Yang Wensheng, a commoner in Yuguan Township
2 Drift (chestnut) sub-nether canal land to pick up acres, do not do tenant seeds, then will be in the heart of the red
3 township people Wang and Ying tenant species. Three points are determined. Its middle is not
4 Allow others to be protective. If there is no guardian of the species, look up to Yang
5 Wencheng should know. Its land limit is the king and yinghai to the year of the tenant species.
6 Must have been done, and the two families are not allowed to teach (repentance) first. If the first repentant, punish
7 Wheat pickers, into and without (repentance) people. Fear of people to be used as a post-evidence.
8 Landlord Yang Wencheng (pledged)
9 Guarantor Yang Wensheng (pledged)
10 See the dragon again
11 See man Li Zai (pledge)
In addition to the above conjugation relationship, in the remaining supplementary paper on the back of the Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra, BD01625v4 and S.12603B, show that the text stored in BD16134E shows that these 3 fragments are close in handwriting and the content is also roughly related, and should be some kind of contract (rent)) about the house. Buying and selling? repair? Unfortunately, there are too many mutilations in the middle, and it cannot be connected for the time being, and it can be tentatively named "The Age unknown house transaction residual deed".
(2) BD07291v, BD16431
BD07291 "Seven-Order Buddhist Name Sutra" has 1 piece of ancient supplementary paper on the back, stored in 2 lines, now number BD07291v, proposed to be named "DaShun First Year Contract". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is recorded as follows:
1. 11st year [囗 囗
2 Li Runzi Que Shao Shu [囗囗囗囗] Gao Xiang people
It is worth noting that the middle part of BD07291v is again obscured by modern paper supplements, so some handwriting cannot be seen.
According to the "National Map Collection", BD07291 also fell off a piece of ancient supplementary paper on the back, the old L4497, the current BD16431, stored in 1 line, 6.7 high, 4.3 cm long, the proposed name "Contract". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is recorded as follows:
In view of the fact that the two "contracts" are from the back of BD07291, it is more likely that they are one volume, and judging from the content, the position of BD16431 should be after BD07291v, when the unified renaming is "Li Runzi Deed of the People on the Seventeenth Day of the First Month of the First Year of Da Shun (890)".
(c) BD09999
BD09999, 6 lines, height 10, width 13 cm, old number L0128, proposed name "residual deed". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is recorded as follows:
According to the above record and the reference to the format of other livestock sales documents, it is generally known that someone bought an eight-year-old male camel, and the camel price was a certain textile"? Lu Yu", first at each pot weighing twenty-seven taels, jian charge part of the camel price, the remaining camel price is limited to one month to pay; if the buyer does not pay in time, will pay a number of interest to the camel owner; if the buyer has other accidents and is unable to pay the camel price, there should be (unknown) other ways to ensure the interests of the camel owner. Although there are not many surviving contents of the document, it is impossible to judge whether it is a copy or a practical document, but according to the content, it can be known that there is no doubt that it is a contract for the sale and purchase of camels, so it should be named "The Year of The Year of The First Year". Buy a Camel Deed".
There are many documents related to the sale and employment of livestock in dunhuang contract documents, but most of the livestock sales contracts seen so far involve cattle, such as S.5820+S.5826 "Deed of Selling Cattle in the Year of The Unknown Year", S.1475v "Contract for The Fox Pet to Sell Cattle in the Year of Yin", S.2710 "After Tang Qingtai Four Years (937) Hongyan Township People's Buying Of Fuchuan Cattle Deed", P.4083 "Ding Wei Nian Tong Cheek People Tang Qingnu BuyIng Cattle Contract", and the only one to buy a horse deed is Yu 271 On november 29, the year of The Year of The People's Shi Xi Crisp (Su? Buy Marchi". Camels, cattle, donkeys, etc. are involved in the contract for the employment of livestock, such as P.2825v "Tang Qianning Three Years (896) Pingkang Township People Feng Wenda Hired Camel Contract", above figure 174 (6) "Ding Ugly Year Chixin Township People Guo Anding Hire Donkey Contract", S.6341v "Nongchen Year Hongchi Township People Hire Cattle Contract Practice", etc., however, in the 10 cases of cattle hire deeds seen by the author, camel contracts accounted for 6, it can be seen that as a long-distance foot tool, camels are the best choice. The particularity of BD09999 is reflected in the fact that this is the only Dunhuang contract document seen to buy and sell camels.
(4) BD11989
BD11989, 2 rows, height 23, width 27.3 cm, old number L2118, "National Map Collection" named "Li Hezi Paper Calendar". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
1 On the twenty-first day of June of the ugly year, Li Hezi put on paper and limited
2 July 11, full payment, if you violate the request to accompany the conscription. Lee and Zi Su also
(Unfinished)
BD11989 is located on a paper 23 cm wide, but only 2 lines of content are copied leaving a large blank space, and the handwriting is also very light and difficult to identify, according to the only content, this document is named "calendar" and "deed", this section is more inclined to the latter, so it is named "Li Hezi Ben Buddha Paper Deed Manuscript on june 21, ugly year".
(5) BD11994
BD11994, stored in 4 rows, height 17, width 6.8 cm, old number L2123, "National Map Collection" named "Ransom Child's Residual Deed". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is recorded as follows:
Although BD11994 preserves 4 lines of content, it is sloppy and the front and back words cannot be connected, which affects the understanding of the content of the document. However, the author agrees with the characterization and naming of the document in the "National Map Collection", judging from several clearer words such as "debt repayment" and "willing to redeem children", which is at least a document involving the redemption of the population.
There are also several documents for the sale and purchase of people preserved in the Dunhuang contract documents, such as S.3877v "The Deed of the People of Chixin Township in the Year of The Year of The Zizi", P.3573P1 "The Ninth Year of later Liang Zhenming (923) Suo? Keep the Deed of Selling Slaves", S. 1946 "Song Chunhua Ii Year (991) Pledge Ya Han Wish to Sell Nizi Deed". Thus, there may be family members who have betrayed their children for various reasons and then re-financed contracts to redeem themselves.
(f) BD13148-1
BD13148-1, 8 rows, height 27.5 cm, old L3277, "Guotu Zang" named "February 17, 2017 Li Xingsheng Ben Jute Contract".
BD13148 contains two contents, the former is "Ben Jute Deed", the new BD13148-1, followed by a Tibetan document 7 lines, the new BD13148-2. However, BD13148 actually consists of 6 fragments, which are framed on a piece of paper when trimming, but it is difficult to read through due to the wrong order, and the content of the copied Tibetan text has not been interpreted, and it is only tentatively called "Tibetan Documents".
There is no relevant record of BD13148-1 in the National Atlas Collection, and the remaining handwriting in the document is also extremely faint, and the plate is very vague. Later, with the help of Mr. Liu Bo, the color plate of the volume was published to the IDP website of the International Dunhuang Project, but the author could only barely identify "Li Xingsheng Ling fox of the people of the Mukosa tribe on February 17, 2017", "Ben", "Baoren", "Seeing people", "Limited to Autumn and August", "Ren Zhi zhi shi shi charge", "Violating the limit and not taking his request", "There is grace is not there", "no faith is based on it", "Tong Gong Fa Jute", "Pay back" and so on. Although the order of the fragments is still wrong, the content can probably form a grain loan deed, but whether the keyword "jute" is the theme of this loan cannot be completely determined. If so, BD13148-1 will be a relatively special contract, because in the Dunhuang crop loan contracts seen so far, there are many people who lend wheat, millet and beans, and have not yet seen the convenience loan jute. In the Dunhuang documents, there are also P.2686 "Puguang Temple People Li He and Ben Mai Qi", "Mian Nian Monk Guanghui Long Ben Ben Deed", "Mian Nian Mu Bone Sa Tribal People Wang Qingqing Ben Ma Qi" and so on.
BD13148
(vii) BD13208C
BD13208 consists of 7 fragments, and the old unified number is L3337. Among them, the C piece has 2 rows, 7.2 meters high and 3.6 cm wide, and the "National Map Collection" is named "Fragment". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
The situation of other fragments of BD13208: A and B films only have ink marks, both are named "Fragments" ;D tablets are stored in "Maha Prajnaparamita Fourth", which should be the sutras; the front of the E-film is copied from the "Tianzun Says Wish to Pass on the Blessing of Sin in the Afterlife to say the Preparatory Kewen Miaojing", and the back is copied from the volume of "On the Discussion of the Middle Side"; F and G are Tibetan fragments of "content to be examined".
BD13208C should be part of the guarantee or commitment of a contract neutral deedee, and similar terms can be found in: P.3394 "Tang Da Zhong Sixth Year Monk Zhang Yueguang Bodi Deed" "If the body is not there, a person should know", S.1475v "If the body is not there, a person should know", S.1475v "If the body is not there, a monk Zhizhen Daina", P.3444v "Yinnian Shang Tribal People Zhao Mingming Ben Bean Deed" "If there is something in the body, a person who looks up to the guarantor and so on", S.1475v The age is unknown, and the Shazhou temple household Yanjun Ben Mai Qi": "If the limit is not returned, his wheat please accompany him, still allowing this deed to be the sixth order, robbing the family's miscellaneous goods, and using the wheat to value." If the body is not there, a person who looks up to the guarantor and so on will return", P.3422v "Wu Guang'er Ben Machi, the people of the Yukusa tribe in the year of the Year of death", "If the limit is not violated, its car cannot be asked to receive six, and the temple will be accepted." Its wheat is a bucket, multiplied by two axes. Such as the body of things, a guardian male five women and other generations also "waiting."
BD13208C
According to Mr. Sha Zhi's correction, "Ling Liu" should be regarded as "Ling Law", and even more so, the meaning of the Ling Law should be observed. Therefore, BD13208C should be renamed "Chronology Unknown Residue Deed". The "Unknown Nature" category is included in the "Compilation of Proofreading", which contains fragments or sporadic miscellaneous writings of some contractual terms, and BD13208C and some fragments included in this section should be included in this category.
(viii) BD15249v2
BD15249v2, 6 rows, height 27.5 cm, old compilation of new No. 1449, "National Map Collection" named "Cao Qing Ku Loan Bai Sheng Silk Deed Draft". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
1 Ding Ugly Year May 6 Deed. Cao Qing, a commoner in Hongchi Township, was a family member
2 In the middle of the small number of manpower, so he borrowed Bai Sheng from Zhang Yuanchang, a commoner in The Valley Township
3 Silk one foot, three long battles (zhang) seven feet five inches, Fu (width) one foot nine inches wide. Its silk
4 Lee sees the wheat millet, and its silk is limited to the next season. if
5 If the time limit is not returned, it will look at the township yuan (original) to make profits. Fear of the aftermath of the letter, so Le
6 This deed is used as a post-deed.
BD15249v2
BD15249 copied the front of the "Great Convenience Buddha Bao'en Sutra Volume VII", and the back contains three kinds of content: first copy 9 lines of content such as "When people go to the name of the text", which is actually a record of Yin Law, Ma Law, Chen Shengzheng and other monks borrowing Buddhist scriptures and books; after a few blank lines, copy the contract; and finally copy "I am a man and woman in the family of the liu family Aye Niang/疋" Miscellaneous writing 2 lines, so "Cao Qing Ku Qi" is compiled as BD15249v2.
Silk is the most common loan product in Dunhuang, mainly silk textile lending, generally based on the family owe less cloth or go out far; the deed will be clear about the length of the silk, the repayment period and method and the penalty clause for overdue repayment; lending behavior is most common among laymen, etc., are the obvious features of the textile lending contract seen in Dunhuang. The difference in BD15249v2 is that Cao Qing's reason for borrowing silk is that "the family lacks less manpower", which is more like a common reason in employment deeds. However, given the nature of the volume, the reasons for borrowing may be simply clerical errors.
Another feature is also presented in the Dunhuang textile lending deed, that is, under the premise of relative concentration in Dunhuang, lending activities mostly occur between people in different townships, such as BD15249v2 in "Hongchi Township" Cao Qingku to "Xiaogu Township" Zhang Yuanchang loan silk, P.2633v is "Cihui Township" Kang Buzi to "Mogao Township" Sobongzi loan silk, Дх.1377 medium is Mogao Township Zhang Baoan to Cihui Township Li Acha loan silk, P.4093 is "Longle Township" Cao Yuanchang to "Chixin Township" In P.4093, "Dunhuang Township" Zheng Jiwen borrowed silk from "Hongrun Township" Fan Bao, P.3603 was Longle Township Zhang Dingzhu to Mogao Township Zhang Dingnu loan silk, New Delhi National Museum collection dunhuang documents are "Pingkang Township" Suo Qingzi to Mogao Township Yuan Youzhu loan silk, S.766v is Pingkang Township A to Chixin Township Song Qing Gray Loan Silk, S.766v is Pingkang Township Cao Yanyan to Longle Township Zhang Wanzi loan silk, and so on.
In addition, in the Dunhuang textile loan deed, there are many words such as "If you do not repay, look at the original profits of the township", "If you do not repay the limit, you will look at the original profits of the township", "If you do not repay the time limit, look at the profits of the township yuan", "If you do not repay the limit, the original profits of the quasi-township", etc., which are the same meaning as the "those who do not repay within the time limit, look at the township yuan sheng profit" in the 5th line of BD15249v2. Previously, Mr. Yu Xin, Chen Xiaoqiang and others had explanations for the meanings of words such as "xiangyuan", "township yuan", "township original profit", "township practice", etc. Recently, Mr. Zhang Xiaoyan pointed out again that the above meaning is "local custom", and "quasi/look/according to - township original profit" means that the borrower does not repay in violation of time, and the loan should be profitable according to the local custom. In view of the cross-regionality of textile lending concerned in this section, the "vernacular practice" in the deed may be a model phrase, and if it is implemented, there should be more precise details.
Although BD15249v2 is a manuscript, the "May 6th of the Year of Ding Ugly" in line 1 should still be used as the basis for the designation, so it should be renamed "Draft of the Silk Deed of Cao Qing of Hongchi Township on May 6, 2015 of the Year of Ding Ugly". The "Ding Ugly Year" seen in the Dunhuang Contract can also be referenced in figure 174 (6) above, "Ding Ugly Year Chixin Township People Guo Anding Hired Donkey Contract".
(8) BD15650, BD15649
BD15650, stored in 4 rows, height 7.2, width 10 cm, "National Map Collection" named "Color Calendar". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD15650
BD15650 is a fragment of a deed for the sale and purchase of land. First of all, the terms similar to the sentence "its land jia, shenghe does not owe" can be found in: P.3331 "Later Zhou Xiande Three Years (956) Soldiers and Horses Made Zhang Bonezi Buy a Deed" "Its upper piece of house price, on the day of the deed and the two families to return, there is no rise and fall less, and there is no intersection." After his house was bought, Ren Zhang Bonezi Yongshi lived for the main record of ";P.3649v "Later Zhou Xiande Four Years (957) Dunhuang Township People Wu Yingshun Selling Land Deed" "Broke the land price of two feet per foot, dry and wet pavilion. Raw silk Wu Shuo, Mai Su Wu Shi Yi Shuo. On the same day, the intercourse is divided, and there is no ascension and non-payment"; S.5700 "Sample Article on the Deed of Sale of The House" "Its goods and the house, the same day of the intercourse and payment, there is no ascension and non-payment", etc.
Secondly, BD15650 has both grain measured in "Shuo" and a number of raw silk, which is similar to the way in P.3649v that uses "Raw Silk Wu Shuo and Mai Su Wu Shi Yi Shuo" as the land price conversion, indicating that this is also a contract that uses two kinds of physical objects to convert the land price. There is also someone in its 3rd line (Zhao Kangping?). The painting of the pledge, as well as the existence of "receiving things [people]" and "seeing people", indicate that this is a contract that has actually been signed. In summary, BD15650 should be renamed "Age Unknown Sale Deed".
In addition, there may be a correlation between BD15649 and BD15650. BD15649 has 5 lines, height 11.1, width 9 cm, "National Map Collection" named "Dec. 4th Color Calendar of the Year of Decay". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD15649
BD15649 and BD15650 are close in handwriting, such as the glyphs of "Zhao", "Silk", and "Shuo" in it are very similar. However, due to the inability to connect the contents, it is currently difficult to determine the exact relationship between the B15649 B15649 and the contents of grain and silk and BD15650, and only the relevant transcripts and plates are attached here for reference.
(ix) BD16030
BD16030, 5 rows, height 10.3, width 22 cm, old L4021, "National Map Collection" named "Mu Shape". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD 16030
Interestingly, the "Guo Xing" in the "Oil Andma Calendar" on the back of the document also appears in the "miscellaneous writings" on the front, indicating that the contents of the front and back should be copied in the same period. In addition, the "Ninth Year of Taiping Xingguo (984)" in BD16030 is in "Jiashen", and the adjacent "Year of Chengshu" is the Song "Yongxi Three Years (986)". This provides a rough upper limit on the transcription time of the instrument.
BD16030 Line 4 "27 March 28 of the year of Koshin. For the sake of the family" sentence, similar to the first sentence of many contracts, such as P.2249v "The People of Cihui Township in the Year of the Noonday, Kang Bao Bao Employment Deed" "The deed was established on the first day of the first month of the First Month of the Year of the Noonday." The people of Cihui Township, Kang Bao, owe less manpower to the family of the Yuan"; the National Museum of New Delhi collects "The People of Pingkang Township in the Year of Bingyin, Suo Qingzi Loan Silk Deed", "March 11, 2016" in the year of Yingyin. Suo Qingzi, a commoner in Pingkang Township, owes money to his family" and so on. It can be seen that this is a contractual phrase.
The "Class of Unknown Nature" in the "Compilation School" includes S. 1386v "Jiachen Year Cihui Township People Zhang HuoNu Deed" "Jia Chen Year November 12, Cihui Township People Zhang Huo Nu Owe Less" ;P.4608 "Song Taiping Xingguo Five Years (980) Chixin Township People Deed Xi Zi" "Weishi Great Song Taiping Xingguo Five Years / Weishi Great Song Taiping Xingguo Five Years Gengchen Year September 5 Deed. The sentence "The People of Chixin Township" is quite similar to BD16030, so BD16030 should also be classified into this category and renamed "Jiashen Year March 28 Deed Xizi".
(j) BD16068?
BD16068, 8 lines, height 8.9, width 16.7 cm, old number L4039, "National Map Collection" named "November Instrument of the Year of The Year". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD16068
BD16068 is a remnant of both the left and the right, and what is stored is the middle part of a certain instrument, and the "National Map Collection" only generally names it "The Instrument of November of the New Year", and does not examine the nature in detail. Judging from the words "number of land price items" seen therein, this may also be a fragment of documents related to land transactions, such as S.3877v "Tang Tianfu Nine Years Of Self-Defeat Hongrun Township People An Lizi Selling Land Deed Practice Character" "Its land and price, the same day to pay each other", S.1285 "After Tang Qingtai three years of the people Yang Kulu feeding the sale of the house deed", "its house and goods, the same day to pay each other", P.3331 "Later Zhou Xiande three years of soldiers and horses to make Zhang Bonezi buy house deed", "its upper house price, Licci Day and give up two houses to return the favor" and other words, are close to it.
As for the "wei nian" that appears in BD16030, it may also be the remnants of "Xin Wei, 癸未, B Wei, Ding Wei, and Ji Wei", so the name of the document as "Wei Nian" may not be accurate.
(xi) BD16111I
BD16111 consists of 16 fragments in the order A-P, old L4066. Among them, the I piece is stored in 2 rows, 14.1 in height and 5.3 cm in width, and the "National Map Collection" is named "Longle Township Yin Jianqing Ben Mai Calendar on the Seventeenth Day of the First Month of the Year of Nongshen". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD16111I
BD03749 "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" unveiled a total of 109 pieces of ancient supplementary paper, the old unified number is L4066, after the repair is divided into BD16111-BD16126 and other 16 volume numbers, BD16111 is one of them.
The contents of BD16111 are relatively scattered. Among them, A, O and P films are "listed", B, E, F, K, L, M, and N films are "fragments" of unknown nature; H films are "Broken Calendar"; J films are "Suzhou Related Documents"; C, D, and G films are "Ding Di Nian Bing Yin Nian Documents". In addition to indicating that the C, D, and G pieces are from one volume, the "National Atlas Collection" does not explain the provenance of other fragments. The author's preliminary judgment is that in addition to the "fragments" such as B and E that cannot be judged, the remaining pieces may also be from a volume, which is a "broken calendar" of the consumption of food and thorns during the years of Ding Di and Bing Yin, because it has nothing to do with the main purpose of this section, and the specific content is not discussed in depth.
The content of BD16111I is very similar to the terms of the grain loan deed, according to BD01943v "Tang Tianfu 9th Year December 2 Du Correspondence Ben Su Ma Qi" "Tianfu 9 years old ji Ji Mi December 2, Du Correspondence Jinyuan family lack of annual grain, according to Zhang An six sides sent Su Liang Shuo"; BD09520v11 "May 16, Pingkang Township People Peng Shunzi Ben Mai Su Deed Draft" "May 16, 16, 2016. The people of Pingkang Township, Peng Shunzi, lacked grain seeds, so they went to Gaotongzi to urinate wheat and two shuo" and so on, it can be inferred that BD16111I is the first part of a grain loan deed, and "Yin Jianqing" is the wheat owner and not the borrower, so the volume should be renamed "On the seventeenth day of the first month of the first month of the year of Nongshen, someone in Longle Township will be a wheat deed".
(xii) BD16115J, I?
BD16115 consists of 11 fragments of the A-K sequence, which is also an ancient supplementary paper from the back of BD03749, the old number L4066. Among them, the J piece is stored in 3 rows, 6.5 in height and 11.3 cm in width, and the "National Map Collection" is named "Contract"; the I piece is stored in 2 lines, 5.7 in height and 5.6 cm in width, and is named "The Calendar of Collar Objects". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the two pieces of documents are first recorded as follows:
The content of BD16115 is also relatively scattered, except for J and I films, the remaining content of other films cannot be judged, and this section is not covered for the time being. The J film appears in the sentence "a person who bears the mouth", which can be deduced as a fragment of a contract. The author further speculates that the I film may also be connected to the J film, because the "recipient", that is, the person who receives the exchanged goods, is also commonly used in various contracts, such as the signature of the "consul" Zhai law in the "Nong Shu Nian Zhai Legal Receipt"; S.5504 "Cheng Shu Nian Ding Hai Nian Pay Ling Fox Wish De Body Price Wheat Su Zhi" Has the signature of the "Takeer" Wish; P.3964 "B Wei Nian Plastic Craftsman Zhao Monk Zi Dian Male Deed" has "Negotiate the Taker" and so on. J and I are combined to form a contract relating to the transaction of houses, which can be renamed "Date Unknown Deeds".
(xiii) BD16130
BD16130, 10 rows, height 26, width 26.4 cm, old L4067, "National Map Collection" named "Yang Lao Lao Ben Calendar on March 18, Hai Nian". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
18 March 1010. Yang Lao Que lacked human grain seeds, so he did so
2 Ashoka Temple Farin side bento wheat seven and a half, its wheat
3 limit to September and a half full. If the limit is not violated, its wheat times.
4 If the body is not there, the sun dao of the guardian is enlightened and co-protected
5 people king Shi San na foot, all the grace in the middle, not limited to this. Fearful
6 There is no letter, so this deed is determined, and the book is a record. Poop Mai Ren Yang Lao
7 See people
8 Sun Daowu, a guarantor
9 See people
10 See people
BD04000 "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra" unveiled a total of 34 pieces of ancient supplementary paper, the old unified number is L4067, after the repair is divided into BD16127-BD16131 and other 5 volume numbers, BD16130 is one of them.
BD16130 is complete at the beginning and end, and the handwriting is relatively clear, which includes the signature of both the Benmai "Yang Laolao" and the guarantor "Sun Daowu", which should be renamed "Yang LaoLao's Contract of Old Man on March 18, 18th of the Year of Hai". The Dizhi Chronicle is the main chronology method during the Tubo occupation of Dunhuang, and the "Hai Nian" deeds seen in the Dunhuang documents are such as Дх.06000+06003 "Shu to Hai Nian Luo GuangJunhu Collar Selling Di Mai Copy", S.5244 "Hai Nian Loan Buqi XiZi", etc., which can be used for reference.
In the Dunhuang contract, there are many borrowing activities from individuals to monasteries (or monks), such as S.1475v for Ma Qilin from "Lingtu Temple" Benmai, P.4686 for Sun Qing from "Yongshou Temple" Bensu, etc., and Lingtu Temple is also known as gushazhou monastery, as for the "Ashoka Temple" in BD16130 is rare in Dunhuang documents. According to Mr. Li Zhengyu's research, Ashoka Temple is an ancient "Guazhou monk temple." In the east of the prefecture (present-day southeast of Anxi). Founded in Mokau. In the third year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (574), the Buddhist and Taoist religions were banned, and the temple was destroyed. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there are still east and west corridors and surrounding walls", "every customary residence, gathering and blessing" here. It is also known from the Xixia Mo book on the north wall of the outer chamber of the 16th cave of Yulin Cave, "Ashoka Temple Shimen Zhi Purple Monk Huicong Folk Common Surname Zhang Presiding Cave Record", as late as the western Xia National Day five years (1074), Ashoka Temple still exists. Therefore, the value of BD16130 also lies in the fact that it was a contract of loan between monks and laymen of the Guazhou monastery in the Tubo period, and also provided a new material for the development of Ashoka Temple during this period.
BD16130
(xiv) BD16162
BD16162 consists of 2 fragments, old L4084. Among them, A piece stores 2 rows, height 25.7, width 7.6 cm: B piece saves 1 row, height 3.3, width 1.8 cm. The "National Map Collection" uniformly named the number "Deed of Sale of Premises". According to the atlas and article directory, the contract is recorded as follows:
BD06927 "Myo Fa Lotus Sutra Volume V" unveiled a total of 11 pieces of ancient supplementary paper, the old unified number of L4084, after the repair is divided into BD16161-BD16165 and other numbers, of which BD16161 is the "Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra", BD16162, BD16163 is a fragment with handwriting, BD16165 is 6 pieces of plain paper.
Although the A and B pieces of BD16162 are the same volume, they cannot be concatenated. Analyzing the remaining contents, the buyer in the deed is the "uncle (uncle) brother Zhang Shende" of the owner of the house, indicating that the owner of the house is also surnamed Zhang; there is also a sentence in the deed text, which shows that the name of the owner of the house is settled, and the estimated income after selling the house is "Luo Skirt" and other items. In the contracts for the sale and purchase of dunhuang houses and land, the payment of land prices is generally grain, followed by silk cloth, or there is a comprehensive payment of grain and silk cloth, and there is no case of "Luo Skirt" as a discount.
In summary, BD16162 should be renamed "Unknown Age Zhang Anzhu Sale Deed".
BD16162A, B number
(xv) BD16191A
BD16191A, 8 lines, height 19, width 13.9 cm, old L4099, "National Map Collection" named "Land Title Fragments". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
(anterior disability)
1 Landlord Brother (Pledge)
2 See the portrait of ren (oshi)
3Mihito Kei (Oshi)
.............................. (Paper seam)
4 See people uncle Hu Xiao Hu
BD02729 "Brahma Net Sutra Lushena Buddha Says Bodhisattva HeartLand Precepts Volume 10" Several pieces of ancient supplementary paper were removed from the back, and the old unified number was L4099, and after the revision, it was divided into BD16187-BD16200 and so on. BD16191A consists of 2 fragments, which can be directly conjugated and trimmed into one piece, between Feng Qing and Xiao Hu. In addition, the B film with the same number as BD16191 was named "Shesi Repost" and the C film was named "Disciple Xingfan".
BD16191A only has 4 lines, although the "landlord", "see the person", etc. can be determined as a contract related to the land transaction, but whether it is the land sale, lease, or the signing part of the pledge deed, it is currently uncertain.
BD16191A
However, BD16191A also provides two important pieces of information.
First of all, the people who see this land title are all surnamed Yuan, especially the landlord's brother and uncle are also among them, indicating that the landlord is also surnamed Feng. The signing part of the Dunhuang contract document, in addition to the pledge of the two parties to the transaction, there are many family members, neighbors, relatives, etc. who act as "seeing people", "guarantors", "mouth heirs" and the like, but like BD16191A, it is rare to see people and landlords with the same surname.
Secondly, in the Dunhuang contract documents seen so far, the manuscript accounts for the vast majority, and there are not many contracts that actually sign the painting pledge, and there are painting pledges after the BD16191A, the statue and the name of The Qing Dynasty, indicating that this is also a practical contract.
In summary, BD16191A when re-titled "The Age Is Unknown" buy (sell? Title Deeds".
(xvi) BD16195
BD16195 No. 3 rows, height 23.5, width 7.1 cm, the volume is also unveiled from the back of BD02729 supplementary paper, the old number L4099, "National Map Collection" named "Jianlong 2nd Year First Month Hongchi Township People Hao Hu? Deeds for sale". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
BD16195 should be the first part of the contract for the sale and purchase of a house, but the Guotu Zang has pointed out that the second year of Jianlong (961) is in Xin you, and the third year is the year of Nong. As there are no other references, it is not possible to determine whether the error here is in the year number or the dry branch. BD16195 is written in a similar format to other similar contracts seen so far, indicating the location of the house and the four to the fourth, and then making the deed.
BD16195
The location of the house that appears in the Dunhuang house sale deed, in addition to the "East Wall of Zhengjiaofang" in BD16195, there is also the "East Wall of Yongning Fang Lane" in S.3877v "Tang Qianning Four Years Pingkang Township People Zhang Quanyi Selling House Deeds", S.1285 "The West Wall of Xiuwenfang Lane" in "After Tang Qingtai Three Years of Yang Kulu Feeding and Selling House Deeds", BD16238 "Hongchi Township People's Security Officers Entering and Selling House Deeds" in "Jiachen Year November 12, 2011", "Shuishuifang North City Down", BD03925v11 Song Kaibao 9th year (976) March 1 Mogao Township people Zheng Ugly Tart selling house deed draft "Dingnanfang Lane East Wall", S.1398 "Song Taiping Xingguo Seven Years (982) Chixin Township People Lv Zhuying Lu Aluan Brothers SellIng House Deeds" in the "Linchifang Tie Alley East Wall", S.3835v "Song Taiping Xingguo Nine Years (984) Mogao Township People Ma Baoding Selling House Deeds Xizi" in the "East Wall of Zhengjiaofang Lane", S.8691 "Era Unknown Sale of House Deeds", etc., of which The frequency of "church and government workshops" is slightly higher, and it may be speculated that the trade in houses in this area is also more frequent.
（十七）BD16200D、F、G、H、J、N、QH
BD16200 consists of 103 fragments in the order A-RM, which is also revealed from the ancient supplementary paper on the back of BD02729, the old number L4099. BD16200 contains many fragments, of which D is stored in 4 rows, 11.2 in height and 7.4 cm in width, and the "National Map Collection" is named "Contract"; J piece is stored in 2 lines, 7.9 in height and 6.8 cm in width, named "March Contract of the Year of Decay"; N piece is stored in 2 lines, 7 in height and 5.1 cm in width, named "Contract"; QH film deposit is stored in 4 rows, 8.8 in height and 6.9 cm in width, and is named "Zhang Wanda Loan Silk Deed". In addition, there are F, G, H pieces originally for the same volume, respectively, stored 2, 2, 4 lines, height, width are 13.5, 5.6, 13, 5.5, 8.2, 7.5 cm, all named "Letter", the content of which may also be related to the "contract" such as D film. According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the documents are first recorded by number as follows:
BD16200 belongs to a variety of contents, such as A, B is actually 62 pieces of plain paper fragments, C, E is the "Exorcism Text", I is the "Nongshen Nian Ben Calendar", K is the "Mahayana Temple Remnants", QA-QB is the "Great Buddha Confession", QJ is the "Directory", etc., not listed here. In addition, although the "National Map Collection" indicates that F, G, and H films are from one volume, judging from the handwriting, F and G films are obviously written by the same person, while the style of H films is close to contracts such as J films, and the content should also be contract terms. If the three pieces are indeed identical documents, two kinds of content are copied for one volume.
Specific analysis, the pieces related to the contract in the above record can roughly form a loan contract about Zhang Wanda. The content is probably that on a certain day in March of the Year of decay, Zhang Wanda borrowed a number of silks from someone on the grounds of something, promising to use silk. As interest, if there is any accident, it depends on the relatives of the mouth heir and his son Fuzi and other relatives to bear, and finally the signature of Fuzi and others, the smooth arrangement of the contract pieces should also be J, H, QH (H pieces seem to be directly connected in front of QH films), N, D, the above fragments should also be renamed "Zhang Wanda Loan Aya Deed in March of the Year of Decay". In addition, there is also P.3150 "The Year of The Year of The People of Cihui Township Wu Qingshun's Canonical Deed" is also located in the "Year of the Decay", which can refer to the time of Zhang Wandaqi.
(xviii) BD16238
BD16238, 11 rows, height 29.3, width 25 cm, old L4113, "National Map Collection" named "Jiachen Year Hongchi Township People's Security Officers into the Sale of House Deeds". For other descriptions of the deed, see Section 76 of the Northern Neptune.
(xix) BD16239
BD16239, 7 rows, height 17.6, width 18.2 cm, old L4113, "National Map Collection" named "Xin Younian Lü Mou out of the Society Deed". For other descriptions of the deed, see Article 14 of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
(xx) BD16281G
BD16281 consists of 12 fragments in the order A-L, old L4123. Among them, the G-piece has 3 rows, 5.6 meters high and 21.9 centimeters wide, and the "National Map Collection" is named "Draft Contract of the Year of Propylene". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
BD16281G
BD08066 The back of the "Ten Kings Sutra" unveiled a total of 12 pieces of ancient supplementary paper, the old unified number is L4123, after the revision of the number BD16281, of which A-K (except for the G piece) has text on the front and back of the piece, the front is copied as a certain "note calendar day", and the back is "a temple society division repost", when it comes from a volume. In the remaining 2 films, the G film is copied as a contract, and there is no content on the back; the L film is plain paper.
BD16181G should be the first part of a contract, which was established by the people of a certain Mogao Township on the eighth day of a certain month, and as for the "Twenty-month of February of the Year of Prophecy", which appeared in the document, "The Twenty-second Month of the Year of The Year of The Twenty-second Month of the Year of the Twentieth Month of the Year of the Twenty-second Month?" "The day, which may be the year of the deed or the year and month in which the relevant event is traced, is provisionally renamed in this section as "The Twenty-second Month of the Year of prophecy?" Deed of the Day". Among the Dunhuang contract documents, there are also "Chengchen Year" deeds such as BD09293B "The Deed of selling bells in Shensha Township on December 18, 18th of the Year of Chengchen", P.3051v "The Contract of the Three Realms Monastery Monk's Magic Treasure Loan Silk Deed" can be used as a reference for the time of the deed.
(21) BD16295A+BD16298
BD16295A, 5 lines, height 26.2, width 6.8 cm, old L4132, "GuoTu Zang" named "Nongshen Nian Shi Liu De out of the kettle and Oshi Liu Bone Contract". There is also BD16298, stored in 10 rows, height 26.5, width 19.3 cm, old number L4133, the same name as BD16295A. The National Atlas has indicated that the two instruments can be directly conjugated. According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows (where the bold characters are conjugated to two volumes):
1 December 9th of the year of Nongshen. Shriud will be in charge of the pig iron kettle Wu Douwu
2 wins (liters) out of the exchange for The Bone Bone of Liu. See will the kettle body brawl Wu Sheng (liter), kettle
3 inside the paste mai shi shuo, see the previous intersection, no Xuan (hanging) debt, two total
4 opposite the flat chapter, more unrepentant. If you repent first, pay qingqing
5 Wheat Three Shuo, filled with unrepentant people. Fearing that no one will believe, so Le Zhi remembers,
6 Used as a true deed.
7 The Main Mother of the Kettles Asong (Oshi)
8 Son Shiji-Himo (Push)
9 males stayed in Germany
10 mouths of heirs A Lao (uncle) Song Xingnu (escort)
11 mouth heirs female husband Guo Mu Ge Mu Tsuen (Oshi)
12 See Man Mi Ming Ming (Pledge)
BD03789 "Mu Lian Save Mother Variation" unveiled on the back of the ancient supplement, the old number L4132, after the repair, divided into BD16294-BD16297 and so on. Among them, BD16295 is composed of two fragments, A piece is a contract, and B piece has 2 lines, which is "Sinai Qi Shifting Rhythm Scenery Brilliant Xiang / Sinai QiQi Shifting Rhythm Scenery", which is a miscellaneous writing about the description of the scenery. BD04085 14 pieces of ancient supplementary paper unveiled from the back of the "Mulian Mother Rescue Variation", the old number L4133, after the repair, it is divided into BD16298-BD16300 and so on. According to previous research, BD04085 and BD03789 can be directly conjugated, and it is also interesting that the supplementary paper on the back can also be conjugated to several documents such as "Tang Law", "Zhai Wen" and this contract. Specifically, the lower part of the 3-5 lines of BD16295A is damaged, while the upper part of lines 1-3 of BD16298 is exactly the missing part, and the two documents can also be directly conjugated into a practical contract signed by the signatory and the holder, the seer, etc.
BD16295A+BD16298
"Kettle" is a daily cooking utensil, Shi Liude exchanged a five-bucket and five-liter "pig iron" kettle for Liu Baoya, and got Mai Shishuo. This transaction provides a reference for the value of iron cookware in Dunhuang during the "Year of Nongshen". In addition, there is also the value of the bell "Wheat Millet Thirty Shuo" in BD09293B", which can also be used as a reference for the value of metal cookware. In the Dunhuang contract document, there is also Дх.01313 "Seven People Loan Brown Deed of The Black Stream residence in October of the Year of Nongshen", which is also located in the "Year of Nongshen", which can be cross-referenced with the time of this contract.
In summary, BD16295A+BD16298 should be renamed "Shi Liude For The Deed of The Ninth December of the Year of Nongshen".
(22) BD16355
BD16355, stored in 4 rows, height 10.5, width 9.5 cm, old L4439, "National Map Collection" named "Contract". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
BD09177 "Heaven and Earth Eight Yang Divine Mantra Sutra" unveiled on the back of the ancient supplement 5 pieces, the old number L4439, after the repair, divided into BD16353-BD16355 and other numbers, of which BD16353, BD16354 for the "Buddha Name Sutra (Sixteen Volumes) Volume Three Ritual Confession Notes". Although BD16355 has 4 lines of text, the handwriting is extremely vague, and only the sentence "So Le Private Deed" in line 4 can prove that this is the end of a contract document, and other contents cannot be read through for the time being.
In summary, BD16355 should be renamed "Chronological Unknown Deed".
(23) BD16421
BD16421, 2 rows, height 14.1, width 5 cm, old L4487, "National Map Collection" named "House Foundation". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the contract is first recorded as follows:
BD16421 is an ancient supplement from the back of BD08529 "The Great Buddha's Peak Rulai Mein Cultivated the Ten Thousand Lines of righteousness and bodhisattvas' first line of strict sutras", which should be the beginning of a certain house sale and purchase document. For example, S.3877v "Tang Qianning Four Years Pingkang Township People Zhang Yiquan Selling House Deeds", S.1285 "Later Tang Qingtai Three Years of People Yang Kulu Feeding Selling Deeds", S.4707 + S.6067 "Age Unknown Sale Deeds" and other Dunhuang house sales contracts, all first list the size of the house foundation and four to four, and then the deed will be established to determine its value and delivery method.
In summary, BD16421 should be renamed "Date Unknown House Yoshi".
(24) BD16491
BD16491, stored in 4 rows, 8.7 high, 8.1 cm long, "Guotu Zang" named "Shensha Township Someone Contract". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the document is first recorded as follows:
BD16491 is an ancient supplement removed from the back of BD00604's "Sutra Scrolls of Vimalaya", but it is difficult to conclude from the surviving text that this is a contract, perhaps because the sentence "Erri Shen Shaxiang" is similar to the first sentence of other contracts that record the time, place, and person.
(25) BD16509C, Cv
BD16509 is composed of 4 fragments, of which the C piece has 4 rows, with a bounded column, height 3, width of 14.4 cm, "National Map Collection" named "Contract"; BD16509Cv, stored 9 lines, with boundary columns, "National Map Collection" named "Fragment". According to the catalogue of plates and articles, the 2 documents are first recorded as follows:
BD16509C
BD16509Cv
BD16509 includes 4 fragments, of which 5 lines are stored in A pieces, named "Yansheng Renming Yi", and the names or official positions of Yan Sheng, Cao Situ, Murong Xian Ling, Coach Chen and others appear; B film is "Heaven and Earth Eight Yang Divine Mantra Sutra" ;D piece is plain paper. Only the front and back of the C film have text, and judging from the content, the front and back copies are related to land transactions, which may be a transaction contract related to Dunhuang Linchifang houses, so it is renamed "The Age Unknown Linchifang Sale House Deed".
(26) BD16563
BD16563, 3 rows, height 27.3, width 7.3 cm, "National Map Collection" named "Tianfu Nine Years Du Correspondence Ben Mai Su Calendar". For other aspects of the contract, see section "North 43v".
The author has made a rough compilation of the erroneous numbers received in Shazhi's "Dunhuang Contract Documents Compilation" and the uncollected Dunhuang Contract Documents of the National Map Collection, and the volume numbers involved are as follows:
BD16153+BD01695v1+BD01695v2+BD16498A+BD01695v3+BD16134(B+G)+BD16134(A+F)+S.12603A: "Yang Wensheng Leasing Land Title of Yuguan Township People on the Seventh Day of the Second Month of Tang Dashun"
BD01625v4, BD16134E, S.12603B: "An Unknown Period of House Transaction Residue"
BD01943v: "Tang Tianfu 9th Year December 2Nd Du Correspondence Ben Mimachi"
BD02381v2: "He Tongzi Dian Male Contract of the People of Hongchi Township on May 8, 2015"
BD03925v3, BD03925v4, BD03925v9-11: "The People of Cihui Township on February 3, 2012, The People of Cihui Township," "The Practice of Dunhuang Township Deng Ne'er Bowl Deed on March 5, 20120," "The Contract of Dou Lame Wager for the People of Cihui Township on the First Day of the First Month of the First Month of the Year of Jia shu," "The Draft of the Deed of The Contract of Employment of The People of Mogao Township on March 1, 2018 of the Song Kaibao," "The Practice of the Deed of the Monks of The Twenty-Eighth Day of the Twenty-Eighth Month of the Year of The Emperor"
BD06359v4: "Deed of the Monk Ci Lantern Hiring Ying Zhen to Build a Buddhist Hall on August 7, 2018"
BD07291v, BD16431: "Tang Dashun First Year 17th Day People Li Runzi Deed"
BD09293B: "The Contract of Selling Bells in the Year of Shensha Township"
BD09300: "Ling Fox Stays Behind Uncles and Nephews and Other Branches"
BD09520v2—BD09520v6, BD09520v11: "Draft of the Contract of The Silk Deed of the King Spoon Dun Loan On the Twenty-eighth Day of march of the Year of The Year of the Emperor", "The Draft of the Deed of Employment of the People of Longle Township on the Twenty-eighth Day of the Year of the Year of The Year of The Month of The Year of the Emperor Wende", "The Draft of the Contract of the Contract of the People of Pingkang Township on April 15, the Draft of the Contract of Shen Yanqing loan of the People of Pingkang Township on April 15, the Draft of the Contract of The Contract of Hiring Camels by Zhang Xiuzhao on July 15 of the Year of The Year of Yan Wei", the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels in Pingkang Township (100) on May 16, 16th of the Year of Yan Wei Year, the Draft of the Contract of The Contract of Peng Shunzi's Handmaiden of the Pingkang Township (Hundred) Of the Year of Yan Wei, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels on April 15, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by Zhang Xiuzhao on July 15, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by Zhang Xiuzhao on July 15, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by The Contract of Hiring Camels in Pingkang Township (100) on May 16, 2017, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Workers in Pingkang Township on May 15, 15th of the Year of Yanwei, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by The People of Pingkang Township on April 15, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by The Contract of Zhang Xiuzhao on July 15, the Draft of the Contract of Hiring Camels by Zhang Xiuzhao on July 15, 20007, the Contract of Hiring Camels in Pingkang Township on May 16, 16th of the Year of Yanwei, the Draft of the Contract of Hir
BD09999: The Year of the Bulge? Buy a Camel Deed
BD11989: "Li Hezi Ben Buddha Paper Deed Manuscript on the Twenty-first Day of June of the Ugly Year"
BD11994: "Ransom of Child Cruelty"
BD13148-1: "Li Xingsheng, a commoner of the Qibone Sa tribe, was jute on February 17, 2017? Deed》
BD13208C: Chronology Unknown
BD15249v2: "Draft of the Silk Deed of Cao Qing, the People of Hongchi Township on May 6, 2015"
BD15650、BD15649？ : Date Unknown Sale Deed"
BD16030: "Deeds on the Twenty-eighth Day of March in the Year of Jiashen"
BD16068: Suspected contract
BD16111I: "On the seventeenth day of the first month of the first month of the year of Nongshen, someone in Longle Township"
BD16115J、I？ : Chronology Unknown Deeds
BD16130: "March 18, 18th of the Year of Yang Lao Ben Macchi"
BD16134C, D: "The Remnants"
BD16162: "Unknown Age Zhang Anzhu Sale Deed"
BD16191A: "The Age Unknown Buy (Sell?) Title Deeds
BD16195: The Second Year of Song Jianlong? Hao Hu, the people of Hongchi Township in the first month? Deed of Sale》
BD16200J, H, QH, N, D: "Zhang Wanda Loan Aya Deed"
BD16238: "On November 12, 12th, 1911, the people of Hongchi Township entered and sold the deeds"
BD16239: "Lu Mou's Deed of Departure on November 1, 1011"
BD16281G: February 20, 2016? Deed of the Day
BD16295A+BD16298: "Shi Liude For The Deed of the 9th Day of December in the Year of Nongshen"
BD16355: Chronology Unknown
BD16421: "Unknown Date of The House"
BD16491: "Someone's Contract in Shensha Township"?
BD16509C, BD16509Cv: "Unknown Age Linchifang Sale Deed"
BD16563: "Tang Tianfu 9th Year December 2Nd Du Correspondence Ben Michi"
After completing the preliminary transcript of the above contract or suspected documents, the author also has some feelings and thoughts.
First, most of the national map contract documents are ancient supplementary paper on the back of scripture scrolls or other manuscripts, so most of the fragments are broken, and the content is very small, of which only BD03925v, BD06359v, BD09239B, BD09300, BD09520v, BD15294v2, BD16130, BD16238, BD16239, BD16295A+ BD16298 are relatively complete. BD16153 and the equivalent of the conjugated contract, although relatively complete, but because of the repair has been cut into pieces, scattered on the back of the same volume of Buddhist scriptures, in ancient society, invalid or manuscript contracts are not valued, often used as materials for repairing other types of documents, especially a long scroll with fragments of several contracts on the back, can explain this phenomenon very well.
Second, among the more than 40 contract documents recorded above, except for 4 that cannot be accurately characterized for the time being, the proportion of land or house transactions in other documents is the largest. As for why this is the case, although it is impossible to find a suitable reason for the time being, these sporadic land or house sales documents appear relatively concentrated, which will undoubtedly add more valuable basic materials to the future study of such contract documents.
Third, although the "National Atlas Collection" has named and characterized many documents that are missing or damaged, there are also some inaccurate problems, which is also worth paying attention to when we study the plates it has published, although the results of our predecessors are the basis of our research, but we cannot rely too much on existing results, and in the judgment of some suspected instruments, we still need to invest more energy to pay attention to and solve confusion.
About the author
Chen Liping, female, born in 1977, from Huining, Gansu. From 1996 to 2000, he received a bachelor's degree in world history from the Department of History of Lanzhou University, from 2000 to 2003, he received a master's degree in historical philology (including Dunhuang studies) from the Department of History of Lanzhou University, and from 2003 to 2007, he received a doctorate degree in historical philology (including Dunhuang studies) from the Department of History of Capital Normal University. In 2007, he entered the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (renamed the Institute of Ancient History in 2019) and is now an associate researcher. He is mainly engaged in the study of Dunhuang Studies, the history of the harem system, and the history of marriage. He has published two monographs, presided over two projects of the National Social Science Foundation, and published more than 60 academic papers.
Editor's Note: Originally published in Huang Zhengjian's "Preliminary Edition of Chinese Ancient Literature Research", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, May 2019, pp. 125-159. The author has slightly added changes to this push. See the original citation. Reprinted from the public account of the Research Center for Ancient Chinese Economics, College of History, Capital Normal University.