This form comes from the late Qing Dynasty, Ye Junxiaozhai, who gave the "Xilian Cheng" head science student Geng Xibin to perform, the full text is concise and concise, there is no extra word, the syllables are beautiful, Mr. Xiao Changhua was first used in the Minchu in Guanghe Lou to cooperate with Tan Xinpei and Jin Xiushan. Since then, it has been used in teaching for a long time as a basic skill for cultivating clown chanting.
Mr. Xiao Changhua in the "Xiao Changhua Opera Series" "Talk on Jia Gui Nianzhi" in a piece, focusing on the five-character essentials of reading white, I summarized it as words, things, qi, strength, and taste, first of all, we must read the words correctly, we must understand the "shape, sound, and meaning" of each word in the form text accurately, in order to accurately express the content of the form, Xiao Lao, after careful verification, found that there were several words that had been corrected. To be phonetically accurate, it is necessary to make four sounds clear, level out the 仄, and do not yin and yang; we must also pay attention to the umlauts in the ligature, and the weight and length of the pronunciation of the imaginary words in different positions in the sentence should be pronounced smoothly. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify the "things", to understand the plot, to analyze the relationship and role of each sentence and the development of the plot, who sued for this statement? What's the point? Why? What role does it do? Only when you have a clear idea of things can you read it well, make it emotionally full and full, in order to attract the audience. Once the matter is clear, you can divide it according to the matter, choose the sentence, and find the knot. It is the responsibility of the author to break sentences, but it is the responsibility of the actor on the stage, and it is only through the actor's reading that the audience can hear the punctuation marks. With sentence reading, you can properly arrange the air port, distinguish the primary and secondary sentences, so as to distinguish the light and heavy reading, and correctly express the content of thought. You must not break a sentence. Qi refers to the air outlet, which refers to the place where the breath is ventilated and stolen. The air outlet is arranged properly, and the reader is comfortable and the listener is clear. The air outlet is well found, and it is easy to grasp the size, urge but not pull, slow and unremitting, and the feelings are naturally expressed through the height and tightness of the voice. The air outlet can be arranged at the place where the sentence is broken, but it is by no means necessary to breathe at every place where the sentence is broken, and it must be determined according to the content of the sentence and the role of semantics, and it is necessary to serve to create a momentum and atmosphere of a paragraph of recitation. When you read the breath, although the breath is not exhausted, you cannot breathe, you must be good at storing gas and use it properly. Strength refers to the strength of reading white. Including the tone of voice, the intensity of the tone, and the level of depression. Nian Bai seems to have no plate eye, in fact, there is still a size, and the size is the delay and frustration, that is, the rhythm. Compared with everyday speech, Peking Opera recitation especially needs to be clear in size, appropriate in tone, and forming waves and undulations according to changes in feelings. In order to grasp the god of the audience, it is necessary to design in advance and grasp it accurately when reading. Then it is necessary to rhyme, not only to have clear words, appropriate tone, clear sentence reading, different priorities, appropriate size, but also to be loud, words to the audience's ears, to make people like to listen, this is the must be beautiful and charming. To do this, one is not nervous, the qi is smooth and the sound is sweet, and the other is to adjust your pronunciation to adapt to changes in mood, and how to use it. A blank piece of paper on the stage, there must be words in the eyes of the actors, and the sound between the lines is not chaotic, and the audience must be made aware of the number of trips by the movement of the actor's eyes and head.
There are not many movements during the recitation, only three times before and after the hand is reversed, it should be clean and sharp, flexible and natural, and it should be carried out at the same time as the recitation, and it will not hinder each other. At first, the right hand holds the end of the paper, the left hand supports the lower end, and finally, with the word "ah" dragging, the hands lift the paper above the head. The backhand is an action done with the development of feelings to arouse the attention of the audience, and cannot be done arbitrarily.
According to Mr. Xiao Changhua's teachings and his own feelings of listening to the play, the techniques of recitation are annotated as follows in the whole text. Where there is no need to pause, where to slightly pause but to break the tone of the breath, where to steal the breath in the slight, where to officially breathe, where to relax the breath, where to emphasize the pronunciation, where to pronounce the virtual word lightly, will be explained one by one, the parentheses are the text description.
With [can be slightly omitted but to sound out of breath] on the complaint of the woman [no need to pause] Song Qiaojiao [Song Qiaojiao for the accent], please [slightly stealing qi in the middle] Xuefu contains injustice [for the accent] thing! (This is the beginning of the complaint, Song Qiaojiao's three words should be fast and slow, equal in weight and weight, the clan word is slightly faster and lighter, from the word to the key, down to the four words to be clear, indeed pronounced, The two words of Xuefu are read together, slightly faster than the word of injustice, to the word Ah, the back tone is raised, and the tone is extended and sent home with Dantian qi.) The dimensions of the whole section are determined by this sentence, and the god of the audience is held together by this sentence. Liu Jin's recitation of "Ah" slowly read down like this! "The tone should be the same as Jia Gui's, and it should not collapse and vent its strength." ）
Eavesdropping Qiaojiao [Ke Omidon but want to sound out of breath] system [Ke Omidon but want to sound off the breath company] Gaowu County Xueyu [reading qiang] daughter of Song Guoshi [daughter of Song Guoshi is accented] [formal breathing], Xu Zi [ke omidon but to sound out of breath] hereditary conductor Fu Peng [Fu Peng stressed] as his wife [formal breathing]. (The slight mention of the word is slightly indicated, the pronunciation of the word should be slightly dragged down, the Fu character should be slightly heavier and longer, the tone momentum is slightly raised, and the friend character is heavy and slightly later, so that the name of this person leaves a deeper impression on the audience.) The six rites have been completed, and they have not yet been fulfilled. (After becoming a little delayed, read the words tightly, the rest of the mood is calm, calm, no need to force.) Overheard that shifu [slightly stole qi in the middle of the moment] was hit by a flying disaster [flying disaster reprophonencing], and immediately inquired about the cause of the matter without pausing. (The slight heaviness of the Sudden Wen Clan Fu makes people feel that the storm will arise, the body words are raised, and the flying disaster is re-read, which indicates the innocence of Fu Peng.) The latter sentence is a general narrative with a slightly slower dimension. Fang Zhishifu [no need to pause] because of Ding's father's worries, has not yet been appointed; now he is full of clothes and goes to xie xiao [official breath] everywhere. (This sentence is smooth, not too hard, do a small setback, only the word is up again, not slightly heavy.) After passing through the door of the widow [accent] in front of the door of the female sun [accent] clan, the jade bracelet was inadvertently lost one [four sounds] only [official breath], and was picked up by [Ke Omidon but wanted to sound out of breath] Sun Yujiao [Sun Yujiao for accent]. (Unintentionally, the two words should be heavy and slow and long, so that the audience sympathizes with Fu Peng, which is actually a lai word, and the jiaozi can be slightly heavier.) Suitable for [imaginary character light pronunciation] [can be slightly omitted in the middle of stealing qi] Liu Mediabo [accent pronunciation] [no need to pause] from the side to peek, so that [can be omitted but want to sound out of breath] to go to Yujiao embroidered shoes one [four sounds] only [formal breath], so that her son Liu Biao [can be slightly omitted but want to sound cut off the breath] on the street, to the clan husband blackmail [accent word] [formal breath] (by mistake in the past as a word, suitable for two words light and fast, Liu Media po three words symmetrically symmetrical). So the two fight together. (The first four words are slightly faster in a row, and the last four words are evenly balanced.) When Liu Gongdao's exhortation was not justified, it was not fair; they immediately dispersed. (The scriptures are slightly dragged, and the Dao characters are slightly more uplifting and slightly more ironic.) The name is fair but not fair, and the last four words are fast and tight. At that time, [at that time, the virtual characters were pronounced lightly] [can be slightly omitted but the sound is cut off] and sunjiazhuang [no need to pause] between the dark nights [heavy pronunciation, black reading and drinking], knife wounds two lives [heavy pronunciation], no murder weapon [accent], two no witness [heavy pronunciation]. For no reason, he took his husband to the public court [accent] [official breathing]. (At that time, the two words were gently slowed down, and the night word was pressed, and the interval was accelerated, and the key door was raised from the knife word, and the tone was accelerated to speed up the size, and the strength came out of the mouth.) The word "unprovoked" is concatenated, reread, slightly faster. From the beginning of taking the word, the tone is slightly withdrawn, and the first pull is wanted to be collected, in order to be able to suddenly stop when it reaches the hall, the exit stops. This is the second paragraph of the form. Blind torture, darkness [formal breath] (the low and heavy of the mind, the speed is slowed down, and the money is paid, that is, the official field is cruel, and the pity of the complainant is expressed, and the actor can also take advantage of this slowness to take a little rest in preparation for a resurgence.) Misreading the past as ambiguity should be corrected. Shifu [Ke Luo Dun but want to sound off the breath connection] is [the light pronunciation of the imaginary word] [can be omitted but the sound is broken off] Weak scholar, can not bear the pain [reading coarse], only [do not have to pause] fear [heavy pronunciation] torture [heavy pronunciation] move, detention prison [official breath mouth]. (The first three words are light and fast, emphasizing the three words of book, fear, and qu as the basis for snow injustice.) Eavesdropping Qiaojiao [can be slightly interrupted but the sound is cut off] One [four sounds] Hearing this letter, he was horrified and abnormal [official breath]. In the home, there is only one [four sounds] of the mother, decaying and sick [official breathing]; it is in a hurry to be "light pronunciation of virtual words", and in accordance with the regulations stipulated by law [great relaxation of breath], the complaint is [heavy pronunciation], and the proposal is to be investigated [accents], and it is necessary to confirm the feelings [accents], to make sure of the "accents", to take the "light pronunciation of virtual words" Xue Qi wrong [accents], and [light pronunciation of virtual words] to emphasize life [accents], then [virtual words are lightly pronounced] [no need to pause] to tie [accents] of the [ Imaginary words light pronunciation] private [accent] [can be slightly in the middle of stealing gas], never have a pole [heavy pronunciation]! Respectfully [official air port] shape [official air port] ah! (Letters that have been mistaken for words in the past and examples that are mistaken for columns should be corrected.) From the decay and lying disease to stabilize, begin to lay the groundwork for the following, the eight words of the example should be clearly laid out, so as to cause the desire in size to be fast and slow first, and the desire to rise and suppress in momentum. Starting from the characters, word by word, step by step, pushing towards the final climax; raising the tone, the strength and qi must be even, the words are powerful, the spouts come out, sit hard at the word, and after the word is frustrated, the last ah word is slowly raised, dragged home with the qi of dantian, and reads out the wish of the snow injustice and the sincere passion. ）
![The Clown Grandmaster - Xiao Changhua[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)