<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="3" ></h1>
As we all know, at the time of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties, there were two puppet emperors in succession- Zhang Bangchang and Liu Yu, which is unique in Chinese history, but I am afraid that few people know that these two people are related in the same year, that is, the same list of jinshi, and they are actually the first list of jinshi after Emperor Huizong of Song became emperor.
The year of Zhang Bangchang and Liu Yuzhong's jinshi coincided with the third year of Yuan Fu, that is, in 1100 AD, on the twelfth day of the first month of this year, Zhao Xu of Song Zhezong died, and his younger brother Zhao Yi took the throne, and Zhao Tuo was the later Emperor Huizong of Song.
On February 2, Emperor Huizong of Song appointed Zhao Tingzhi and He Zhizhong tongzhi Gongju, that is, examiners, to preside over the year's ceremonial examination, of which Zhao Tingzhi was Zhao Mingcheng's father, that is, the father-in-law of the famous female lyricist Li Qingzhao, and later, Zhao Tingzhi and He Zhizhong both became prime ministers.
However, at that time, Emperor Huizong of Song was serving the funeral of his brother, and it was inconvenient to personally preside over the temple examination, but directly took Li Kun, the first place in the ceremonial examination presided over by Zhao Tingzhi and He Zhizhong, as the champion, so, strictly speaking, it was not hand-picked by Emperor Huizong of Song, but it also confirmed the relationship between the examiner and the jinshi, and this relationship was crucial in the era of the imperial examination, and in the case of the Northern Song Dynasty, the most typical relationship between Ouyang Xiu and the Su Shi brothers was the relationship.
As a protégé of the two future prime ministers, the future of this list of jinshi seems to be unlimited, in fact, seven of the jinshi in this list have successively become prime ministers or consuls (vice ministers), but in the Song Huizong dynasty, the powerful ministers were in charge, especially in the middle and late period, Cai Jing and Wang Yi formed their own parties and fought fiercely, in addition, there were two eunuchs, Tong Guan and Liang Shicheng, Yiwen and Yiwu, who worked together with Cai and Wang to control the ascending channel of the officials.
Therefore, in the Northern Song Dynasty officialdom in this period, if a scholar wants to get ahead and mix up a look, it seems that there is only one way in Mount Hua, that is, either to climb Cai Jing, or to climb wang yi and other magnates, of course, in the transition period between Cai and Wang, zhao Tingzhi and Zhang Shangying also challenged the power and status of Cai Jing's party.
For example, the great scholar Su Shi had a young son, called Su Guo, who was the best written poet among the many descendants of Ersu, so he was known as the "Duke of Xiaopo", but it was this Su Guo, who even had to join the eunuch Liang Shicheng with Qin Guan's son-in-law Fan Wen, and even "took the father's business", and Hong Jiao, one of the "Four Scholars of Sumen", a representative of the Jiangxi Poetry School, and one of the "four nephews of the valley (Huang Tingjian's nephew, Huang Tingjian, and the valley)", also once turned to Cai Jing's father and son.
Therefore, Zhang Bangchang, Liu Yu and their fellow citizens are all indispensable if they want to be rich and noble.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="21" > two</h1>
First of all, let's talk about li kun, the leader of this list, it is said that this Li Kun has excellent poetry, but not many of his works have survived, and a poem "Wang Guangu" has been preserved in the "Chronicle of Song Poetry", shiyun: "Sikong Tang Dashi, lonely Woyun Cen." Disturbing the group, Hugh believes in this heart. The sound of the spring is half-mountain rapid, and the willow-colored old garden is deep. It is as if the landing is a place to be found. ”
However, this Li Kun had offended Cai Jing's nephew and was therefore deposed, which determined that in the Song Huizong Dynasty, which had long controlled the government of Cai Jing, It was difficult for Li Kun to make any more achievements in politics, and in the end, he was obscure, just as quoted in this poem, only to send himself with "return".
Among the first to develop this list of scholars, a man named Liu Fu, and Liu Fu was reused precisely because he attached himself to the powerful minister Cai Jing and helped Cai Jing eliminate his political opponent Zheng Juzhong, who was one of Li Qingzhao's many famous uncles.
Liu Fuguan to Hubu Shangshu, in charge of finance, one of the so-called "Eight Seats", but his most prominent contribution may be in music, he wrote the "Book of Da Sheng Music" and "Ding Book", and was included in the "Song History yiwen zhi", contributing to the song Huizong's enthusiasm for making ceremonial music.
However, Liu Fu was one step away from ruling in the end, according to the official system of the Northern Song Dynasty, the scholars and masters were all proud to enter the second house, that is, to become the zaizhi (zai and ruling), as far as the Huizong Dynasty was concerned, that is, to become the chief of the three provinces or the privy council, if measured by this standard, the first person to enter the second house was Wang Anzhong, who was once an official to Shangshu Zuocheng, which was probably equivalent to the executive vice premier.
Wang Anzhong had studied poetry and calligraphy with Su Shi, and Wang Anzhong's son Wang Peizhang had married Zhao Tingzhi's granddaughter and were also related to Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao, but Wang Anzhong's origins were due to his attachment to the eunuch Liang Shicheng, who claimed to be Su Shicheng's illegitimate son.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="35" > three</h1>
After Liu Fu and Wang Anzhong, it was the puppet emperor Zhang Bangchang, who was the first person in this list to become prime minister.
In the seventh year of Xuanhe, the Jurchens went south, Emperor Huizong of Song hurriedly ascended the throne, and zhao Huan, the eldest son of Emperor Huizong, took the throne for Emperor Qinzong of Song, and the next year changed to Yuan Jingkang, and in February of the first year of Jingkang (1126), Zhang Bangchang was appointed as the official of Dazai and the attendant of the door, and was the so-called "prime minister".
Previously, Zhang Bangchang's career, although there was a small twist, but in general, it can be said that it was smooth sailing, and the reason for this is likely to be because he has a pivotal old man.
Before it was developed, Zhang Bangchang first married a fellow villager, and later, he remarried Deng Xunren's daughter-in-law, who was Zhao Tingzhi's brother-in-law, the son-in-law of Emperor Shenzong's chancellor Wang Jue, so Deng was Li Qingzhao's aunt and cousin, and Zhang Bangchang was her cousin-in-law or brother-in-law.
About Zhang Bangchang and his ex-wife Zheng (also known as Zongshi), there is an interesting little story handed down, it is said that this Zheng clan is "beautiful and beautiful", it is estimated that she is a beautiful woman with a variety of styles, but, as the saying goes, the heavens are jealous of the red face, the two sons have not been together for a few years, this Zheng clan is going to die, but the most important thing is whether Zhang Bangchang will marry again?
For this reason, before dying, she forced Zhang Bangchang to issue a poisonous oath to his face, "I will bear the promise and turn into castration." The meaning of this poisonous oath is that if Zhang Bangchang betrays the oath and marries his wife again, he will be castrated, but he did not expect that Zhang Bangchang was still a sought-after commodity, and not long after he was single, he was caught by Deng Xunren, who forced him to marry his daughter.
However, Zhang Bangchang thought about the poisonous oath he made in front of his ex-wife, a little afraid, but he could not stand this old man who was chasing after him, and now it was the red man next to Song Huizong, and in the end, it was Song Huizong who decided that Zhang Bangchang married this Miss Deng.
Deng Xunren was a native of Sichuan, and his father Deng Xuan and Su Shi were fellow countrymen and had been friends, and later, Deng Xuan turned to Wang Anshi and became Wang Anshi's eagle dog, and later, he turned to Lü Huiqing, who betrayed Wang Anshi, which was a typical wall grass.
Deng Xunren also had a younger brother, Deng Xunwu, who also once defected to Cai Jing, and the brothers successfully entered the second mansion and became Zaizhi, with a prominent reputation, and there is no doubt that Zhang Bangchang relied on this old man and his brother to soar to the sky.
In the second year of Jing Kang (1127), when the Jurchens besieged the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Beijing, when the soldiers came to the city, Zhang Bangchang became the prime minister, but, just like the poisonous oath he made, although he was not castrated, this Zhang Bangchang was almost as emasculated as he was castrated, and he had no backbone to speak of.
Zhang Bangchang, who was in danger, was indecisive between the main battle and the main and the two factions, and did nothing until the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and his only "chancellor's cause" was to first accompany the later Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong, the then Kang king Zhao Shuo, and later, accompanied by the Su king who replaced the Kang king, twice as a hostage, sent envoys to the Jin people, and was detained.
It was precisely because he was detained by the Jin people for a long time that the Jin people understood his laziness and obedience, and he had assisted the two dynasties of Huizong and Qinzong, and was the most prominent person in the Northern Song court at that time, and the first candidate as a puppet emperor, so he left him in Kaifeng before withdrawing from the Central Plains and became the emperor of the pseudo-Chu state.
However, Zhang Bangchang was timid and afraid of things, as the "Eastern Capital Chronicle" said, "(Zhang) Bangchang's arrogance, good by coercion." He did not want or dare not be a hypocritical traitor, so after the Jin people withdrew their troops, he quickly sent his wife Tang's nephew, that is, Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao's cousin Xie Kejia to carry the emperor's seal and welcome the Kang king Zhao Shuo.
From March 7 to April 1, Zhang Bangchang's puppet emperor did less than a month, and then hurriedly returned the government to The Southern Song Emperor Gaozong, who was lucky to take the throne, but Song Gaozong made difficulties in how to deal with Zhang Bangchang, and for Song Gaozong, who was unstable and could not protect himself, he was afraid that he would not handle it well and annoy the Jurchens.
Finally, in June 1127, Emperor Gaozong of Song "killed him in secret" in secret.
The "hidden matter" mentioned here is still related to the woman, this woman was a concubine when Emperor Huizong of Song was not yet emperor, during the "Change of Jing kang", all the concubines and princesses were abducted by the Jin people, but this Peng clan, because of his lack of fame, became a fish that slipped through the net like the Meng clan after the abolition of Song Zhezong.
When Zhang Bangchang took the throne, this Peng clan should have been forty or fifty years old, and now, Emperor Huizong of Song has been abducted by the Jin people to replace the Zhao and Song clans, and Zhang Bangchang, who temporarily entered the palace, was regarded by her as a new patron, so "the colored people of the palace served (Zhang) Bangchang to sleep."
In the eyes of ordinary people, this was an insignificant peach-colored incident, but for Song Gaozong, whose mother, wife, and sisters were all abducted and humiliated by the Jin, such an originally insignificant peach-colored incident became extremely serious, even more unbearable than Zhang Bangchang's surrender to the Jin.
In the end, Zhang Bangchang actually "sat here to die", and like the "traitorous minister" Cai Jing, he died in Changsha, Hunan, which was called Tanzhou at that time.
Zhang Bangchang was eventually forced to hang himself because of this peach-colored incident, as if the poisonous oath he made to his ex-wife was fulfilled with another ending.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="77" > four</h1>
It is said that Liu Yu, like Zhang Bangchang, is a native of Fucheng County, Hebei Province, and the two are from the same township and the same year, but they do not have the same life.
First of all, Liu Yu's origin is not as good as Zhang Bangchang, his ancestors are mud-legged, "family is a farmer", and the family is relatively poor, which makes him very hurt, and even becomes an original sin, "when clothed, often despised.".
After passing the examination, Liu Yu was sent to the grass-roots level for training, and it was difficult to transfer back to the central authorities, but some people exposed him, "made him ugly", saying that he stole things from his dormitory classmates when he was in school, Liu Yu had to "neglect himself" for this, and defended himself, but this is an old account, whether it is framed by people or is really a matter, it has long been unclear, and he naturally cannot wash it white.
When Liu Yu was humiliated, it was when his compatriot and classmate Zhang Bangchang was rising, and the only skill of this Zhang Bangchang was to collect and sort out the so-called Xiangrui to pat Song Huizong's horse ass ass, and Zhang Bangchang's actions naturally made Song Huizong, who was very happy, look in his eyes, so by patting the horse's ass, Zhang Bangchang rose step by step.
However, Liu Yu was very dismissive of Zhang Bangchang's actions, and at the same time, Liu Yu, as an advisor, was also responsible, so he was quite critical of this behavior, which annoyed Emperor Huizong of Song, so the emperor began to play with Liu Yu's origins, humiliated Liu Yu, and said, "Liu Yu Hebei Village, who does not know the etiquette system." ”
This sentence of Song Huizong, translated, probably means that you Liu Yu is not a rural person in Hebei? Who understands these high, big, and high things?
Loyal to their duties and kind words of persuasion, not only were they not praised, but they were humiliated by Song Huizong for a while, and they were also demoted to "two Zhejiang inspection visits", which is probably equivalent to the inspector of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission, in fact, it may be a virtual post that is not popular in the localities, but we Liu Yu also have a very personality, and he actually sneered at each other in the thank you form written to Song Huizong, "A person who is a customary in the village of Yunhe Shuo, come to lead the matter of Zhejiang's right and honest questions." ”
Who would have thought that I, a native hat in Hebei, would be sent to such a tall place as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai to fight corruption and promote clean government? But how much heartache, resentment, and resentment are there behind this self-deprecating and self-deprecating act?
The history books say, "The traces of (Liu) Yu's resentment have been seen at this time. It can be seen that this series of events has brought distortions to Liu Yu's psychology, so the later Liu Yu is destined to go his own way, leaving others with no way to go.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="97" > five</h1>
Liu Yu served for six years during his visit to the two Zhejiang provinces, and then he was transferred to Zhiwei Prefecture, in the area of present-day Weihui in Henan, and it was another six years, and when it was his turn to be promoted and transferred, the imperial court actually took the title of "scrupulously serving in the ministry, and specially ordered you to do it again" -- you did a good job here, so what? Stay it—in the name of keeping him in office.
Emperor Huizong of Song's arrangement of letting Liu Yu continue to stay in Weizhou was, in Liu Yu's view, perhaps another humiliation to him, and when he finally had the opportunity to transfer away, he was transferred to Hebei, which at this time had become the front line, and the Jurchens soon suppressed the territory.
Like most officials in Hebei who either surrendered or fled, Liu Yu also went into exile and temporarily settled in Yizheng, Jiangsu, catching up with the death of his wife and father, and waiting for the imperial court to rearrange his work.
At this time, a colleague of Liu Yu's work in Hebei, who was also his compatriot Zhang Yuguan, said on behalf of Liu Yuguan that he hoped that the imperial court would make Liu Yu a county guard, probably equivalent to the mayor of a prefecture-level city, and Liu Yu naturally hoped to stay in Jiangnan, so most of the areas north of the Huai River at this time fell or were about to fall into the hands of the Jurchens.
Although Zhang Yu, a minister of the DPRK and the Cpc Central Committee, tried to help him win, in the end, the imperial court assigned Liu Yu to Jinan, Shandong, where no one was willing to go, but without a job, there was no salary to support his family, especially Liu Yu, whose family was not rich, had many brothers and sisters, and had no choice but to "go away with regrets" and go to Jinan with a stomach full of anger.
It was during his term in Jinan that Liu Yu surrendered to the Jin people and was made a puppet emperor, but Liu Yu was by no means afraid of death, so he decided to surrender, when the Jin people initially besieged the city, he did not hesitate to send his son to lead the army to defeat the Jin army, but he finally chose to surrender to the Jin people, a fundamental reason, perhaps stemming from the resentment and disappointment of the two Song court, but also to the father and son of Song Huizong and Song Gaozong.
After becoming a pseudo-emperor, Liu Yu still did not change the true color of the peasants' children, and he even planted vegetables in the imperial palace, and took the vegetables he grew to the market to sell to the people of the capital.
Of course, just like the corruption cases disclosed by the media, many people who were originally from humble origins, once they became high-ranking officials, lived a corrupt and depraved life beyond reproach, and the "evil" finally released by Liu Yu, who finally achieved a class jump, was equally appalling.
According to the "Compilation of the Northern League of the Three Dynasties", "Although (Liu Yu) father and son are simple on the outside, but obscene on the inside, they sacrifice their wives to send sisters, such as Gao Lizhi and Song Ji, who are all, such as Lian Gongjing, with the daughter Fenglin (Liu Yuzi Liu Lin), with the daughter-in-law, and the two of them into (Liu) Yu." ”
Resources:
1. Edited by the Three Dynasties Northern League (Wenhai Publishing House Co., Ltd., Taiwan)
2. History of the Song Dynasty (Zhonghua Bookstore)
3. "Eastern Capital Chronicle" (Meishan Chengshe Ren house publication)
4. Compilation of Anecdotes of the Song Dynasty (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House)
5. "Records of the Year since Jianyan" (Zhonghua Bookstore)
6. Records of dengke in the Song Dynasty (Guangxi Normal University Press)
7. "Research on pseudo-Qi regime" (Hu Wenning, Doctoral Thesis of Northwest University)
Author: Our special invited author Shen Jiuchuan