<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > this is the real Spring and Autumn Qin Mu Gong (20).</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chief writer: Idle Lesheng</h1>
Qin Mugong, one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, died of illness in 621 BC, and during his thirty-nine-year reign, the State of Qin was in turmoil in The Eastern Sanping Dynasty, the Three Dings of the Jin Dynasty, and played an important role in the stability of the situation in the Central Plains after the death of Duke Huan of Qi; to the west, the twelve kingdoms of Yiyi, opened thousands of miles, and dominated Xirong, providing a solid rear base and a solid foundation for the future unification of the qin state. Later, before the Shang Martingale changed the law, Qin Xiaogong issued a wide range of xian orders, and when talking about the glorious history of the Qin state and the ancestors of the past dynasties, he only mentioned Qin Mugong: "In the past, Mu Gong of Qin practiced virtue and martial arts from between qiyong and Yong. Dongping and Jin dynasties were bounded by rivers. Xi Ba Rong Zhai, the vast land thousands of miles. The Son of Heaven to the Bo, the princes of Bihe, for the future generations to open, very beautiful. Even Confucius once praised Qin Mugong for saying that "although the country is small, its ambition is great; although it is open, it is in the right way." Although the king can also be, his hegemony is small. ”
However, Qin Mugong's life was bright, but he made a big mistake in the matter of death, which made him a controversial figure, and even the future of Great Qin was overshadowed by this matter, and it was more than two hundred and forty years.
It turned out that after Qin Mugong's death, there were as many as 177 martyrs, and this old man was also too afraid of loneliness, so he would die, and he would have to go down to accompany him.
Of course, in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there has always been a tradition of martyrdom, and Qin Mugong also followed the tradition in doing so, and we cannot use the value standards of later generations to demand him. The Chronicle of The Chronicle of The Land records that when the Jin Dynasty excavated the cemetery of Qi Huan Gong, they found that some people were martyred inside, and that there were "skeletons in disarray". It is just that the number of Qin Mugong is also too much, to know that in the same period, the eastern countries have begun to gradually abolish the system of human martyrdom, and occasionally there are only three or five martyrs (such as the Duke of Zhuangzhuang, the Duke of Jinjing, the King of Chuling, etc.), at most twenty people (the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng); even if it is the so-called murderous Duke of Qin Wu (the uncle of Qin Mugong), the number of martyrs is only sixty-six, and the number of martyrs has increased threefold.
Therefore, after the death of Qin Mugong, the people of the country were deeply saddened by this, but it was not Qin Mugong who was sad, but these 177 martyrs. In particular, the three most outstanding sages, namely the three brothers of the noble son Che Shi, Zhongxing, and Needle Tiger, are the most regrettable. To this end, they also made a poem of "Yellow Bird", which said: "He who is in heaven annihilates my good man; if he can be redeemed, he will have a hundred bodies!" "This means, Qingtianhe, how did you bury such a virtuous person?" If we could redeem our lives, we'd rather give a hundred lives to get them back! A sad song "Yellow Bird", it is really sad for the hearers, and the listeners are in tears! At that time, the gentlemen also criticized this one after another, saying: "Qin Mugong still did not want to be listed among the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, and after his death, he lost the people and ignored it, not only did not leave a rich country and a strong army, but also pulled the virtuous ministers to be martyred, many families cut off their children and grandchildren, and the country was therefore difficult to become rich and strong, and the Qin state was weak and unable to go on crusades, which was caused by this reason." It seems that after this incident, the talents of the Qin State have disappeared, the national strength has declined, the reputation has also stinked, and it has been completely abandoned by the public.
Writing this, I can't help but have a doubt. Qin Mugong loved talent all his life, and loved and tolerated baili xi, uncle jian, Meng Mingshi, Bai Yibing, Xi Qishu and other talents, why did so many sages have to accompany him to the funeral after death? Did he really think that there would be a world after death to allow him to rule and need help, or did his son Qin Kanggong use this to eliminate the aristocratic forces and eliminate dissidents for his own control of power (Note 1)? Or were these courtiers buried voluntarily, not by order of The Duke of Qin Mu (Note 2)?
Note 1: The poem "The Book of Poetry, Qin Feng, And Chenfeng", which was created during the Qin Kanggong period, reads: "I have not seen a gentleman, but I am worried about Qinqin." How to, forget about yourself! Meaning: I can't see such a good monarch as Qin Mugong, how can I not be worried; today's monarch has long forgotten us! The Preface to Mao's Poems believes that this poem is "Thorn Qin Kang Gong abandons his sages", and Zhu Mouwei's "Poetry" is more obvious, saying that this poem is "Thorn Qin Kang Gong abandons Sanliang".
Note 2: There are also many such theories in later generations, such as kuang heng, a famous minister of the Western Han Dynasty, who believes: "Qin Mu Guixin, and Shi Duo died." Another example is the note in the Book of Ying Shaohan: "Qin Mu and his courtiers drank, drank, and publicly known: life is happy together, death is shared by this sorrow." Wait for promises. And the male, all from death. Su Shi also believed: "Xi Gongsheng did not curse Meng Ming, and on the day of death, he endured his goodness." It is known that the third son is willing to do justice, just as the second son of Qi is from Tian Heng. The ancients felt a meal and could still kill them. The Qing Dynasty historian Zhao Yi also said: "And Gong Xue, all from death." It was out of the self-martyrdom of the three sons, not the chaotic fate of Mu Gong. ”
We may never know why. We only know that this martyrdom has brought far-reaching and bad influences to the Qin State, causing the development of the thriving Qin State to be delayed or even retrogressed.
The Qin state is a culturally backward country, and talents need to be imported from the East. But we said that the Orientals did not like the bad habit of martyrdom, and later Confucians even hated it deeply, and Confucius said, "The initiator has no consequences." "Even the burial of the terracotta figurines cannot be accepted, let alone the martyrdom of people." However, the martyrdom of the people of the Qin State became more and more intense, and Qin Jinggong, the grandson of Qin Mugong, actually used a full one hundred and eighty-six people to accompany the burial, which was simply a step-by-step escalation and intensified. Why?
As we said earlier, the State of Qin was a descendant of the Dongyi people who migrated west (Note 3), and the Yin Shang and Dongyi people were the most fond of human martyrdom and human sacrifice. In the tomb of King Yin, at least more than 100 people were martyred. Even to build a house, they have to kill people and sacrifice, archaeologists under a temple building in Yin Ruins, a total of more than 640 people were found, when laying the foundation, they first killed four children and buried them in the four corners, and then when they set up foundations (Note 4), they also had to use human animals, killed people, and filled in the soil; then when they were in anmen, they also killed people, dug square pits left and right before and after the threshold, buried one to three people each, all kneeling toward each other, holding copper shields, and guarding the door in the underworld; the upper beam was so important, of course, it was also necessary to kill people; finally the completion ceremony killed the most, Kill hundreds at once!
The Qin people inherited from such a culture, and naturally could not get rid of the habit of using a large number of martyrdoms. This has also been confirmed in archaeological excavations, the Qinjing Cemetery is the largest ancient tomb excavated in China so far, up to 300 meters long, enough to be two international standard basketball courts, 24 meters deep, eight floors high, the archaeological team dug for ten years to dig! In addition, the Qin Gong Tomb is also the highest level of ancient tombs of the same era, not only has the "yellow intestine inscription" (Note 5), but also has the most martyrs since the Western Zhou Dynasty, if you do not believe, please see the following picture, you see, this tomb is densely packed with burial boxes, around the tomb owner, these martyrs are the useful people around him before his death, including concubines, ministers, slaves, attendants. It is hard to imagine how they felt when they entered the dark tomb before they died.
It was not until 384 BC that Qin Xiaogong's father, Qin Xiangong, took the throne, which completely abolished human martyrdom and replaced it with terracotta warriors for burial. And before that, for more than two hundred and forty years, no oriental scholar dared to go to the Qin State as an official, although not every Qin Jun was as perverted as Qin Mugong and Qin Jinggong, but the system was there, ask the heroes of the world, who dares to test the Fa with their own body? Fortunately, Qin Xiangong abolished people and martyred people, Qin Xiaogong changed the law, and by the time of Qin Shi Huang, the Qin people unified the world, and finally realized the ideal that Qin Mugong and other ancestors had dreamed of.
We said that the Qin people originally had the same origin as Dongyi, and their hometown was Qufu, that is, the ancestral source holy land of Dongyi and Ying, "Shaohao's Void", and at the time of the Shang Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors of the Qin people went to the Great Northwest while they were in the border, and the Lu people were stationed in Qufu, and there was a great historical change. As a result, eight hundred years later, Qin annihilated the Six Kingdoms, and Qin Shi Huang toured the east to Ludi, which was equivalent to re-embarking on his homeland, and the wind was blowing and the clouds were flying, which was really a historic return.
Note 3: "Win" may be a transliteration of the word "Yi", while "夷" was first seen in the Jin script and consists of two parts, large + bow, meaning a person with a bow and arrow, while "person" is pronounced yìn in Jiaodong dialect.
Note 4: Pillar foundation stones are placed on the tamping foundation to strengthen the pillar and prevent decay.
Note 5: This is the highest level of the imperial chamber used by the emperor. That is, the rafter chamber is a frame structure surrounded by cypress wood figs (i.e., square wood). Coupled with the scale of the funeral far beyond the Zhou Tianzi, as well as the specifications of the sacrifice mentioned in the first chapter, and a set of Qin bell inscriptions from the early 7th century BC unearthed near Baoji (the text uses words limited to the King of Zhou), it seems that the Qin people's covetousness for the world is throughout the Eastern Zhou Era, not to mention the "Yu Lie of the Sixth Dynasty"!