Text / First Brew
More than 700 years ago, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was already prosperous, with Gotai liquor stores, shops and inns, and rows of trees.
"Sichuan and Shaanxi haoshang, WuChu Dajia, flying sails and reeds, trail to the bottom", bringing local characteristics to most of the capital.
Marco Polo once described it as "a magnificent city, second to none in the world." ”
It has also become a popular place for many literati and inkers, and Guan Hanqing is also a member of the Dadu clan of the North Drift.
1
Guan Hanqing, a famous miscellaneous dramatist of the Yuan Dynasty, was the first of the "Four Greats of YuanQu". It is impossible to know where he was born or what his original name was, but none of this can obscure his brilliance in the history of literature.
His life's drama creation is very rich, there are more than sixty plays, although most of them have been scattered, but the existing scripts such as "Dou E'e Grievance", "Saving the Wind and Dust", "Wangjiang Pavilion" and so on have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In particular, "Dou E'e Grievance" was translated and introduced to Europe more than a hundred years ago, and has become the common spiritual wealth of the people of Chinese and the people of the world. There are also fifty or sixty of his scattered songs, which can be described as a prolific writer in the Yuan Dynasty and the most accomplished writer in the Yuan Dynasty.
However, the Yuan Dynasty was a special dynasty, and the innate martial complex of the Mongols made the literati not get the respect they deserved, and the saying "eight prostitutes, nine Confucians and ten beggars" that circulated at that time, although it was a joke, also reflected the low status of the literati at that time. It is also this special social environment that has created a group of distinctive literati. They go in and out of the Goulan Washe, immersed in singing and dancing, but writing an unparalleled romance and pride.
Guan Hanqing once said, "I am a leader of the world and a prodigal son of the world." May Zhu Yan not change as usual, have fun in the flowers, and forget the worries in the wine. Divide the tea and pick the bamboo, beat the horse and cast the cast; the five tones and six laws are slippery, and even idle to my heart? He prides himself on being the most famous playboy in the whole world, stopping under the willow in front of the flower and indulging in the casting of horses and casting lots. Although he is proficient in the five tones and familiar with the six laws, he is too bored, and his heart is full of idleness.
Guan Hanqing was born at an inopportune and talented person, but he was born in the early Yuan Dynasty, when he despised readers. At that time, the Yuan and Mongolian nobles discriminated against the Han scholars, coupled with the fact that the Yuan Dynasty had just been established, there were frequent wars, and the imperial examination system had long been abandoned, and a group of literati full of talent had no way out, and could only sink and drift in the world. The ruthless vicissitudes of the years have made Guan Hanqing, who is highly popular, and he had to wander between the flowers and willows in the city, "half a life to fold willows and climb flowers, and sleep flowers and lie in willows in a lifetime." ”
2
If these make you think that Guan Hanqing is a wanderer, it is wrong, the mercurial Guan Hanqing, but he gave his love to his wife Wan Zhen'er. "There is a part of you in the military merit medal, and there is also a part of mine", and his radiant literary achievements are also inseparable from Wan Zhen'er's support and understanding. In all his literary works, the first reader is Wan Zhen'er, and each of his completed works is also a combination of Wan Zhen'er's painstaking efforts and wisdom.
Literary artists generally follow the principle of "first bitter and then sweet", Guan Hanqing is also, when creating "Dou E'e Grievance", the plot is tragic and tragic, miserable and cold, and finally the dark clouds in the sky disperse, and the ending is happy and beautiful. After reading the first draft, Wan Zhen'er said, "Since ancient opera, it is inseparable from the old cliché of 'first leaving and then' and 'bitter and willing to come', why doesn't Dou E'e'an end with a tragedy, not falling behind the previous generations, perhaps more can give people a huge shock." Guan Hanqing listened to his wife's advice and changed the ending, only to have this "Dou E'e Grievance", which is one of the world's tragedies, and he was also included in the list of world cultural celebrities by the World Peace Council.
I play Liang Yuanyue, I drink Tokyo wine, I enjoy Luoyang flowers, I climb Zhangtai Willow; I can also play Go, I can bow, I can play, I can gag, I can sing and dance, I can blow bombs, I can write, I can chant poetry, I can double land. You have lost my teeth, crooked my mouth, tumorized my legs, broken my hands, and heaven has given me these kinds of evil symptoms, and you still refuse to rest; then except for the king of Yama himself, the gods and ghosts have come to hook, the three souls have returned to the earthly palace, and the seven spirits have lost their lives. Oh, my God! Then don't go up the fireworks road!
"A Branch of Flowers: No Old Age"
If the wind is like him, it is inevitable that there will be empathy. Guan Hanqing once empathized with Wan Zhen'er's dowry maid and quarreled with Wan Zhen'er for several days. A small poem by Wan Zhen'er:
Wen Jun peeked at the beauty picture, not like Guan Yu's big husband.
If the golden house stores Ajiao, drink the vinegar gourd for the king.
He suddenly woke up to the fact that his wife's intention to oppose concubines was firm, and he also felt regret and promised his wife never to take a concubine.
But if you don't say that the husband and wife have a hundred nights of grace, you can stop your anger and anger. When you are in the village season, you make some villages behind your back, and think to me: Which double uncle killed the pretty red dress?
Just when the first draft of "Save the Wind and Dust" was completed, Guan Hanqing also sang and said, read out the end of the draft, and also euphemistically said his heart, a sound, tactful and poignant, let Wan Zhen'er tears and rain, since then, the husband and wife love as ever, the affection is stronger.
3
Ancient literati and scholars, inevitably the romantic drama of talented women, the mercurial Guan Hanqing also met the unforgettable confidant of a lifetime in Jiangnan, the land of wealth and gentleness- Zhu Curtain Show.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of northern playwrights and performers went south to make a living, and Guan Hanqing also followed the waves south to Yangzhou, Hangzhou and other places. The smoke and rain of Jiangnan gave him great inspiration, and also allowed him to contact more and better writers and artists. In the yingfei grass growth, he met the yuanqu writer Wang Heqing, and it was also in this season of Yang flowers that he first met the famous pearl curtain show at that time.
In the miscellaneous drama, the bead curtain show "walks alone for today, driving the head, hua dan, soft mud, etc., all of which are wonderful." "Although the family is poor, but the appearance is delicate, although in the hook bar, but clean and self-righteous, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting are all familiar." Her little order "The wind is soft, and the curtain is hanging from the jade hook." Afraid of two swallows, two or two warblers, to keep each other at the right time. "How many literati and gentlemen have been missed, including a generation of talented people, Guan Hanqing.
At that time, he wrote the play, she performed, she played his role vividly, he was also touched by her superb acting skills, she became the cinnabar in his heart, deep and deep, but not blasphemous.
Rich and noble like the Hou family's purple tent, the wind flow is like the red lotus of Xie Province, and the lock spring worries do not let go of the double flying swallow. The windows are close, the green houses are connected, the carvings are reflected, and the embroidery curtains are tied together. The whiskers are full of elm money, and the yang flowers fly like cotton. Sad is to wipe the cloister twilight rain Xiao Xiao, hate is to siev siev the west wind cut, love is through Nagato night moon Juanjuan. In front of the Lingbo Hall, Bi Linglong covered the face of Xiang Concubine, how could she be blessed to see it? Ten Miles yangzhou wind and material, out of the gods.
"A Branch of Flowers , Gifts to Zhu Curtain Showlight"
She became a god in his mind, hidden among the blue and exquisite. Her wonderful dancing posture and gentle singing voice are unforgettable in a lifetime.
4
The Tang and Song dynasties were once a paradise for literati, but the Yuan Dynasty was a hell for literati. Although the Yuanmeng nobles who "only know how to bend the bow and shoot the big eagle" also once admired sinology, in their eyes, these were only the last stream, and it was difficult to compare with the iron horse force. Therefore, the literati and celebrities lived in depression and depression in this era, and the dream of "learning and excelling" was only a dream here and will never come true.
With the shattering of dreams, they are lost and confused. Ma Zhiyuan once said, "Trapping the Central Plains one step", "hating not going up the ladder to heaven", Bai Pu said, "Bad pickling two meritorious names", "Qu buried the rainbow and neon zhi", Guan Hanqing could only annihilate a sense of pride, "left Vanity Fair, into the nest of comfort".
South acre farming, east mountain lying, the world has a lot of human experience, idle will be the past to think about the past. He is the wise, and I am the fool, what is the struggle?
"Four Pieces of Jade: Leisure"
Having experienced the ups and downs of the world, I have seen through the upside-down wisdom and foolishness in reality, and there is nothing to argue about. The song reveals a strong sense of helplessness and sadness. There have also been ambitions to serve the country and help the world, but the dark clouds of the present world are hidden, and there is no light in the future. They can only be like Tao Yuanming and Xie An, who return to the countryside, stay away from the complicated world, quietly guard the green mountains and green waters, and look forward to the fragrant rice and lotus.
5
The Yuan Dynasty, a short-lived dynasty, in just over a hundred years, political turmoil, frequent civil strife, political darkness and the brutality of the rulers, let the people live in the depths of the water. At the same time, the concept of Chongwu deceitful literature has also made many literati depressed and difficult to say.
There are sun and moon hanging in the twilight, there are ghosts and gods who hold the right of life and death, and the heavens and the earth are only able to distinguish between the clear and the turbid, but how can they be confused by the thief Yan Yuan: those who are poor for good are shorter in life, and those who create evil enjoy wealth and longevity! Heaven and earth are also afraid of being hard and bullying soft, but they are also pushing the boat along the water like this. Earth also, you do not distinguish between good and evil and what is the land? Heavens also, you are wrong to be foolish and foolish to do heaven! Oh, only two tears.
"Dou E'er Grievance"
Mr. Lu Xun's "Scream" shouted out the strongest anti-feudal voice of the new cultural movement. And Guan Hanqing also shouted to that dark society through a series of miscellaneous dramas and scattered songs, and it was also the cry of all the literati in the Yuan Dynasty. Heaven and earth, no matter what is good or evil, are vain to be heaven and earth.