(The Woman Who Told History – Issue 1169)
According to China's funeral customs, joint burial together is generally a husband and wife relationship, such as father and son, mother and daughter, brothers between the joint burial, these joint burials have a prerequisite, that is, there are blood or close relatives. So are there any unrelated tombs? Yes!
In Changsha, Hunan Province, there is a Yuelu Mountain, once known as one of the four major academies, Yuelu Academy, famous throughout the country, it is on this Yuelu Mountain, there is a joint burial tomb with different caves, and strangely, the joint burial is actually two men who are not related by blood.
This is not to mention, the person who buried the two people's bodies is even more lamentable, and after death, they were reunited with their souls and buried on Yuelu Mountain. So why were these three unrelated men buried together after death? And two of them are still buried together! Why is that? Is it to emulate Liu Guanzhang's Taoyuan Sanjieyi, born with the same bed, dead with the same cave?
Non also! These three are not related by blood, nor are they brothers in worship, but like-minded revolutionaries, and the story about them can be described as "earth-shattering ghosts and gods", and I also ask all the officials to listen to me slowly.
(1) Shouting "slamming back" and ringing the "warning bell" of the Chinese people
After the death of these three people, they were all buried in Yuelu Mountain, so let us know them in the order of death, and the first person to die was called Chen Tianhua.
Chen Tianhua (1875 – December 8, 1905), formerly known as Chen Xiansu (陈顯宿), also known as Xingtai (星台), alias Si Huang (思黄), was a Native of Xinhua, Hunan. The fiasco of Jia Wu has aroused the stranglehold and awakening of countless Chinese people. Suddenly, many students traveled east to Japan to save the country and advance ideas. Chen Tianhua studied in Japan in 1903, participated in the organization of the "Anti-Russian Volunteer Brigade" and the "Military and National Education Association", returned to China in early 1904 to participate in the establishment of the Huaxing Association, was one of the founders of the early Chinese revolutionary group "Huaxing Association", and worked with Huang Xing and others to prepare for the Changsha Uprising without success.
In 1905, Chen Tianhua returned to Japan again, and together with Song Jiaoren founded the magazine "Twentieth Century China"; assisted Sun Yat-sen in organizing an alliance association and drafting the "Revolutionary Strategy"; after the founding of the "Minbao" as an editor, participated in the controversy against the Kang and Liang royalists, and wrote the books "Turning Back" and "Warning Bell", with a strong patriotic spirit and revolutionary courage, exposing the imminent division of China by the imperialist powers, pointing out that the Qing Dynasty government had become a "court of foreigners", and calling on the people of all walks of life throughout the country to unite, unanimously fill up, and kill foreign devils , which has a strong response in society.
At that time, an article in the Japanese "Wanchao Bao" predicted that China would soon be divided. This caused a stir among Chinese students studying in Japan, and Chen Tianhua immediately wrote the "Opinion on Requesting Salvation", asking the Manchu Qing government to implement constitutional government and save the survival of the people. He proposed that the law should be changed, that the state should be established as early as possible, that the localities should be given the right to self-government, and that the people should be given the right to freedom, writing, speech, and assembly. At the same time, the people should bear the obligation to serve as soldiers, pay taxes, raise public bonds, and run for the government.
However, the Japanese government and the Qing government have long been in cahoots, in order to restrict the freedom of speech and "illegal" assembly of international students, the Japanese government, at the request of the Qing government, has strictly regulated Chinese students on their behalf, formulating the so-called "Rules on public and private schools for Qing students to enroll" in various schools in Japan, stipulating that Chinese students entering various schools in Japan must hold a letter of introduction from the Qing court minister in Japan; the dormitories, apartments, etc. where Chinese students live must be subject to the "outside control" of the Japanese side; Chinese students studying in various schools must be subject to "bad sexual behavior" After being ordered to withdraw from school, other schools are not allowed to enroll in schools. After the promulgation of the rules, Chinese students studying in Japan could not bear such acts of suppressing the revolutionary movement and depriving international students of their freedom to study, and launched a large-scale protest movement, and some students studying in Japan could not bear the humiliation and returned to China en masse.
In November of the same year, Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology again promulgated the "Rules for the Suppression of Chinese Students Studying Abroad", which discriminated against and restricted, insulted and banned Chinese students, which further aroused the anger of Chinese students and once again rose up to protest.
Chen Tianhua was at the forefront of the protests, and on December 8, 1905, he expressed in a special way his revolutionary pride of preferring to die, leaving behind a 10,000-word "Letter of Death" to encourage people to "go away is not to do it, and talk about patriotism together", and then resolutely committed suicide at the age of 31.
Exactly five months after Chen Tianhua committed suicide, on May 8, 1906, another hot-blooded young man, yao Hongye, died in anger against the suppression of the Qing government and to awaken a numb China.
(2) Awakening numb China with death and throwing itself into the waters of the Yangtze River in anger
Yao Hongye (1881 – May 8, 1906), courtesy name Jiansheng, was a native of Yiyang, Hunan, whose original name was Yao Hongye, who changed his name to Hongye in worship of The Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan.
In 1904, Yao Hongye went to Japan to study, and later joined the Chinese League, and in 1905, he and Chen Tianhua protested against the "Rules for the Suppression of Chinese Students Studying Abroad" promulgated by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to prohibit the activities of Chinese students, and returned to China with a large number of international students.
After returning to China, because a large number of students who studied in Japan returned to Shanghai and had no place to stay, Yao Hongye and Qiu Jin, Yu Youren, Sun Jingqing and others rushed to raise funds to rent private houses as school buildings in Hengbangqiao, North Sichuan Road, Shanghai, and to organize the establishment of a Chinese public school.
On April 10, 1906, China Public School officially opened, recruiting a total of 318 students from 13 provinces, divided into university classes, middle school classes, teacher training crash courses, and physical and chemical courses.
Chinese public schools were born at the time of the struggle for republicanism, which were constrained and suppressed by the Qing Dynasty government at every turn, and soon after their opening, there was a serious shortage of funds, and the public schools faced dissolution.
Yao Hongye ran around and shouted loudly in order to raise funds, but was always turned away by Qing government bureaucrats, and in order to arouse the attention of the Chinese people to public schools, Yao Hongye committed suicide on May 8, 1906, angrily surrendering to the Huangpu River, at the age of 25.
Chen Tianhua for freedom, Yao Hongye for education, both committed suicide by throwing water to Mingzhi, and after their death, they were buried together by the people of hunan in their hometown, and their funeral can be described as unprecedented.
(3) 100,000 students greeted the martyrs, and the ten mile YueLu was dressed in white
On May 23, 1906, the coffins of Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye were transported back to Changsha, Hunan, and on the 29th, the funeral ceremony of Chen and Yao was officially held, with nearly 100,000 people as the main body of the students, dressed in white filial piety, led by the faculty and staff, divided into two teams from Zhu Zhangdu and Xiao ximen across the Xiang River to Yuelu Mountain, the solemn and vast funeral procession stretched for more than ten miles, the viewer fell on the road, from Changsha City, the whole Yuelu Mountain was like a phi, the shock of the scene can be imagined.
People buried Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye together in the left rear of the Foothills Temple in Yuelu Mountain, the cemetery area is 66 square meters, the tomb sits northwest to southeast, the tomb is a rectangular sarcophagus hewn from granite, the stone tomb is placed in the middle, the coffin is 2.5 meters long, 1.02 meters wide, and 0.76 meters high, and the white jade stele of Lihan is four ways, and the middle two passes are engraved "The Tomb of Chen Martyr Tianhua" and "The Tomb of Yao Martyr Hongye".
The person who buried Chen and Yao, two people who were not related by blood, was still not related to them, but a brilliant revolutionary named Yu Zhimo.
(4) The Three Righteous Men did not marry Jinlan before they died, and were buried on the same mountain after death
Yu Zhimo (1866 – February 6, 1907), a native of Shuangfeng, Hunan, joined the Huaxing Association in 1903 and the Chinese League association in 1906, serving as the first president of the Hunan branch.
Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye went to the sea to throw themselves into the river, died in Mingzhi, and awakened the numb people of the country, this move touched the heavens and the earth, and even more aroused the iron-blooded spirit of Yu Zhimo, a revolutionary volunteer who was also a fellow hunan countryman, who disregarded Chen and Yao's status as a revolutionary party, which had been regarded as a thorn in the side of the Qing government, and resolutely mobilized the people of Changsha and the students of Guangdong University to raise funds to hold a public funeral for Chen and Yao, and walked in the forefront of the funeral procession. Zhi Shi actually sacrificed his body, and the double coffin was redeemed for the sins of Hunan; and Yi Di became a Han nationality, Nu Yi Di did not become a Han nationality, and the chieftains entered the customs in pain, but the Han people were dead, and the people did not fear death, and in one fell swoop they asserted the prestige of the Han people. ”
Yu Zhimo dared to "risk the world's great disobedience", openly held a public funeral for the revolutionaries, and also wrote such a "rebellious" tie-in, and was immediately included in the blacklist of the Manchu Qing government. On August 10 of the same year, Yu Zhimo was arrested and imprisoned in Changsha, and was secretly sent to Jingzhou, Xiangxi Province, where he was tortured and unyielding, and on February 6, 1907, he was killed outside the East Gate of Jingzhou. He shouted before the righteousness: "I died to save China, to save 40,000 million people!" ”
After the victory of the Xinhai Revolution, Yu Zhimo was buried in Changsha and buried with Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye in the majestic Yuelu Mountain, and these three like-minded righteous men could finally marry Jinlan under the Nine Springs.
(Text/Woman Who Tells History, Red Crispy Hand)
References: "Chen Tianhua's Last Year: The "Martyr" of the Democratic Republic", "Yu Zhimo: Ten Years of Grinding the Sword of Gao Zu", "Special Three Heroes of Xinhai: Chen Tianhua, Yao Hongye, Yang Yulin", etc.
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