During the Western Han Dynasty, there was a political commentator named Jia Yi, who died of depression at the age of thirty-three, but he stunned history in a short period of thirty-three years. He was quickly promoted when he entered and exited his career, and he was deeply pleased by the emperor, but because of the exclusion of many forces, he was forced to leave Beijing. Three years later, Jia Yi was recalled to Beijing and was a future political star at the time, but he died of depression. After his death, Emperor Wen of Han never forgot, and his literary works attracted the praise and praise of many literati and inkers, and "On Passing the Qin" was called the Western Han Hongwen by Mr. Lu Xun, today we will take a look at how powerful Jia Yi really is, and how he is amazing in history.
Someone: If I were young, I wouldn't be inferior. (Figure)
Jia Yi: Brother, interrupt, you are wrong. It is not if, it is Jia Yi who is young and does not have inferiority.
Jia Yi was indeed young and promising, he studied under Zhang Cang, and at that time he was a famous talent in the eight townships of Ten Mile (ps: Zhang Cang studied under Xunzi, and was the same as Li Si, Han Fei and others). When he was young, Henan Junshou (Wu Gong) summoned him to his command, and later, with the assistance of Jia Yi, Wu Gong's administration of Henan County was the first in the world. To know that Jia Yi is only in his early twenties at most, it is not easy to have such a good achievement at such a young age. Jia Yi was in the limelight at that time, and even attracted the attention of Emperor Wen of Han. Emperor Wen of Han promoted Henan Junshou to tingwei, and Henan Junshou even pulled Jia Yi by the hand, constantly blowing Jia Yi in front of the emperor.
Then Emperor Wen of Han recruited Jia Yi and directly promoted him to doctor, at this time Jia Yi was only twenty-one years old, the youngest of the doctors. This doctor is actually the emperor's talent pool, and the emperor will let the doctors give advice if they have any problems. Every time when asking a question, Jia Yi's answer sheet can stand out among many answer sheets, winning the praise of his peers and the appreciation of the emperor. Emperor Wendi of Han felt that he had discovered a talent, so he vigorously promoted Jia Yi, and within a year, he promoted Jia Yi from doctor to Taizhong Doctor (Qianshi official).
After that, Jia Yi proposed a package of plans, such as: correcting Shuo, changing clothes, making fadu, and xingli music. He wanted to further replace the Qin system and strengthen imperial power. However, Emperor Wen did not take this series of measures, because Emperor Wen's rule was not stable. Between Emperor Wen's ascension to the throne, the "Suilu Operation" broke out, and the military elite killed foreign relatives and supported the puppet (Emperor Wen of Han) to the throne. Why did Emperor Wen of Han ascend to the throne? The essential reason is that the military merit group wants to establish an emperor who is easy to grasp, and Emperor Wen of Han has no power in his family and is a suitable candidate. But the military merit group did not expect to play off, and this "puppet" is also a hard stubble.
In the second year of Emperor Wen's reign, Jia Yi wrote "On Accumulation and Storage", which pointed out the harm of abandoning agriculture and business in the Han Dynasty, and at the same time put forward a series of economic policies of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business. Jia Yi this brother not only understands economics, he also understands politics. He made a suggestion to the emperor that the princes should return to their fiefdoms. Why did you have to let the princes return to the fiefdom? The reason is to disintegrate the military merit group. The princes were all heroes who followed Liu Bang to fight the world, they all had comrade-in-arms, and the relationship was thicker than water. Moreover, the second generation of the military is also married to each other, and the crisscrossing network of relationships and the chain of interest transmission will tie them tightly together. Why can Zhou Bo and Chen Pingzhen pull a bunch of people to help with a single call? Because Zhou Bo had the highest prestige among these heroes. Liu Bang knew this relationship very well, and he once predicted that "The One who is an Of Liu will also be Bo (Zhou Bo)!" ”
But it is precisely because the Zhou family has great prestige that Zhou Bo and Zhou Yafu have been persecuted. The purpose of allowing the princes to return home was to cut off the ties between them, and the lack of marriage and the transfer of interests quickly declined. The effect was also obvious, the emperor was afraid when Zhou Bo was in the capital, but after Zhou Bo returned to the fiefdom, even a guard passed by and had to shiver. This paved the way for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "seize the throne of Jin Jin" and greatly strengthened the imperial power.
This was very much in line with emperor Wen of Han's appetite, so emperor Wen of Han decided to promote Jia Yi to be the secretary of state, at this time Jia Yi was only twenty-two years old. At this time, Jia Yi could be described as a spring breeze, but soon he was unlucky. His deeds confirm the view of Teacher Gao Yuliang, that the teenager is too proud and easy to fall behind.
The military group led by Zhou Bo, Dou Bao, Feng Jing, and others began to attack, forcing Emperor Wen of Han to alienate Jia Yi and preventing Jia Yi from continuing to advise Emperor Wen of Han. What a terrible force they were to prevent the emperor from appointing officials. Jia Yi offended them and could not be promoted, so what should other officials do? They did not have Jia Yi's ability, not to mention that they could not be appreciated by the emperor, and in this case they could only worship Zhou Bo. In the long run, the military merit group monopolized the right to appoint officials, and the emperor would be vacated sooner or later. In order to avoid Jia Yi's persecution, Emperor Wen of Han sent Jia Yi to Changsha, thousands of miles away from the capital division. Many people understand this as abandoning the car to protect the marshal, in fact, there is this possibility, but I personally tend to "stay in the green mountains, not afraid of no firewood." Because Zhou Bo was already old at this time, it was a very difficult thing to live a long life at that time, not to mention a soldier who had been scarred by the battlefield for a long time. Emperor Wen of Han was still young, and Zhou Bo died after staying up for a few years, so wouldn't it be okay to invite Jia Yi back when the time came? Why do you have to die during this time? The grass at the head of Lü Hou's grave was gone, did he still want to repeat the same mistakes?
When Jia Yi left Beijing, the more he thought about it, the more depressed he became, and you said that I was a future secretary of state and how I was let go? When he was in a hurry, Jia Yi thought that this life was like this, and it was estimated that he would have to follow Qu Yuan's footsteps, so he wrote "Hanging Qu Yuan Fu". But Jia Yi is still too optimistic, how can you be like this? You still have a lot of room to fall. When Jia Yi was the prince of Changsha, an owl flew into the room, in ancient times the owl was an ominous omen, Jia Yi originally felt that he was just abandoned, but the arrival of the owl directly made Jia Yi feel that he would not live long. Earlier, Jia Yi still lamented the frustration of his career, but here Jia Yi began to pursue self-liberation. It can be seen that people should not only look at temporary setbacks, after all, there are more setbacks in the future.
When Jia Yi lamented his life and death, there were major changes in the personnel of the imperial court, the death of the infant irrigation, the fact that Zhou Bo did not ask about the government after he was wronged, and Feng Jing was far away from the political center, and this group of old cadres gradually went downhill. But the worms with hundreds of feet are dead and not stiff, who knows how long this group of old cadres can survive, and Emperor Wen of Han did not want to fight grass and snakes, so he let Jia Yi be the Prince of Lianghuai, and the place of employment was relatively close to the Beijing Division. Moreover, Emperor Wen of Han also summoned Jia Yi at Weiyang Palace, but unfortunately, the two did not fully exchange views on the current severe form, but instead went to study the theory of ghosts and gods. Thousands of years later, Li Shangyin hated the iron and steel: "Poor night half empty front seat, do not ask the heavens to ask the ghosts and gods." ”
After that, Jia Yi wrote "Public Security Policy", which discussed the international contradictions and internal contradictions at that time, and proposed a series of countermeasures. If heaven can give Jia Yi ten years, then the Western Han Dynasty may complete the transformation ahead of schedule, but Tian's jealous talents, Jia Yi is angry because of the death of King Liang Huai's fall from his horse, and Emperor Wen of Han died of depression in the twelfth year, and finally Chinese New Year's Eve three years old. Although Jia Yi died, his thoughts did not die, and the Han Emperor fully practiced Jia Yi's thoughts and completed the transformation of the Han Dynasty. In this regard, I listed Jia Yi's thoughts and the practice work of the later Han Emperors, as follows:
1: Heavy etiquette but not light law
Jia Yi believed that the Han Dynasty should learn the lesson of the Qin state's destruction without heavy etiquette, and should rule the country with etiquette. However, we should not ignore the lessons of the Zhou Dynasty, and we should use both etiquette and law. On the one hand, the establishment of a ceremonial system, the division of the ceremonial hierarchy of each class is strictly divided, and the princes and kings are strictly prohibited from transgressing. Moreover, Jia Yi also proposed to "correct Shuo, change clothes, fix official names, and xingli le", but Emperor Wen of Han did not implement this suggestion, and this suggestion was adopted by Emperor Wu of Han. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established a hierarchical etiquette system, which greatly strengthened the authority of the central government, and the "seizure of the knighthood by gold" was actually a landmark event that used the loopholes in the etiquette system to attack the forces of the princes. In this regard, Emperor Xuan of Han also very much recognized this concept of governance, and when the prince violated it, Emperor Xuan of Han also taught: "The Han family has its own system, and it is originally a hegemonic tao, so why not purely teach morality, use Zhou Zhenghu!" After teaching the prince, Emperor Xuan of Han sighed: "Those who mess with my family, the prince also!" This fully affirms the importance of Jia Yi's thought, and later rulers have more or less borrowed from the "Han family system", that is, the use of etiquette and law.
2: The princes are built and their strength is reduced
Jia Yi mentioned in the "Public Security Policy" that "most of the strong people (the princes) rebel first", so he believes that "the princes should be built by all and less power". Its specific operation is to widely seal the princes and further weaken the power of the princes. This suggestion is still outdated, the Han Dynasty experienced the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms after the Guangfeng princes, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even forcefully implemented the "Tui En Order", forcing the princes to divide the land among their sons. If Emperor Jianwen could have a "Jia Yi", it would not end up in a situation where the country collapsed.
3: Heavy agriculture and suppress business
Jia Yi criticized the profligacy of the ruling class in "On Accumulation and Storage", but the people were extremely poor, and "Zhumen wine smelled of meat, and the road had frozen bones" was the best portrayal of the society at that time. Moreover, at that time, the Han Dynasty had no sense of savings and was very weak in its ability to resist disasters. In the face of natural disasters, the people had to sell their children and daughters to survive, and the imperial court needed to sell officials and lords to maintain their finances. In order to avoid this situation from continuing to deteriorate, Jia Yi suggested that we should emphasize agriculture and suppress business, and we should also have a sense of savings. The Han Dynasty practiced this article well, Emperor Wen waived the field tax, Emperor Jing changed the field tax to fifteen to one, and the Second Emperor Wenjing vigorously resumed production. Taicang's millet Chen Chen Xiangyin, overflowing with dew, is so corrupt that it is inedible. ”
4: Three tables and five baits (see Explanation 1 for details)
This policy is actually aimed at the Xiongnu, the main content is to improve the sense of responsibility of the country, to care for each other, to respect each other, but also to persistently import clothes, cars, food and drink, buildings, women, entertainment activities, with soft culture to invade each other, while competing for the hearts and minds of the enemy people while isolating the Xiongnu rulers. The Han Dynasty also practiced this policy, and the subsequent division of the Xiongnu was a landmark event. At the same time, this political view was widely used in later generations, and Emperor Wen of Sui's use of the economy to split the Turks was the best example.
5: Over-Qin Theory
The most impassioned of the Qin theory is "... Yu Lie of the Sixth Dynasty, Zhen Chang Ce and Yu Yunei, swallowed the princes of the Second Week and died, performed the supreme and made the Liuhe, and lashed out at the world..." Countless literati and inkers in later generations bent their waists for it, and Jia Yi praised it. Moreover, Jia Yi provided a lot of material for the literati and inkers of later generations, and every time the poet was in a bad mood, he would talk about Jia Yi. Huaiyin City Well laughed at Han Xin, and the Han Dynasty Secretary of State jealousy Jia Sheng. This sentence comes from Li Bai, and the Jia Sheng in it is Jia Yi.
Explanation 1: Three tables: faith (honesty and benevolence), love (love each other's appearance, not discriminate), good (recognition of each other's technology).
Five Baits: Loading Cars (Clothes, Cars), Eating Treasures (Eating, Drinking), Takado Yuyu (House Architecture), Music Woman, and Summoning Entertainment