The child has just been diagnosed with childhood diabetes, and parents do not know anything about childhood diabetes, so it is inevitable that they will be at a loss. So what common sense should newly diagnosed children with diabetes and their families know?
(1) Know what type of diabetes your child has.
(2) Be aware that the child is the primary controller of diabetes. Learn to observe blood sugar, urine sugar, and make corresponding treatment, adjust the relationship between diet, exercise and drug treatment, and pay attention to health care.
(3) Childhood diabetic patients have no insulin in their blood (type 1 diabetes patients) or do not have enough insulin or insulin does not function well (type 2 diabetes patients), so blood sugar is high and postprandial blood sugar is higher.
(4) Cells in the body need energy to maintain normal function. This function comes from the metabolism of nutrients (sugars, fats, proteins) in the body, and the process of blood sugar entering cells to produce energy or storing liver glycogen and muscle glycogen requires the participation of insulin. Without enough insulin, sugar cannot enter the cells and blood sugar rises. Excess blood sugar is excreted from the urine, bringing out a lot of water. The body lacks nutrients and water, and the patient is thirsty, polyuria, and polydipsia.
(5) Blood sugar is higher than normal and enters the urine to a certain extent. Urine glucose can reflect blood sugar and is a sign of insufficient insulin. A large amount of urine sugar is not normal. However, urine glucose is not equal to blood sugar, nor can it completely replace blood glucose measurement.
(6) Record the results of urine glucose and blood glucose observation and learn to explain.
(7) Frequent review of urinalysis, especially for female patients. This is to alert to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and the presence of asymptomatic urinary tract infections, so that timely diagnosis and treatment.
(8) Diabetes can be prevented, such as increasing activity, adjusting diet, and maintaining a good mood.
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has proposed 5 key points of modern treatment for diabetes glycemic control:
(1) Dietary therapy. Control the total calories of food intake every day, and the daily diet should be low in fat, moderate protein, and high in carbohydrates. Advocate a high-fiber diet, light diet, adhere to small and frequent meals, and set meals regularly.
(2) Exercise appropriately. Physical exercise should be carried out after meals, the time should not be long, and the intensity should not be large.
(3) Drug treatment, including oral drugs and insulin.
(4) Blood glucose monitoring. Patients need to master self-glucose monitoring techniques, learn how to monitor blood glucose and the frequency of monitoring.
(5) Diabetes education. In addition, diabetes treatment should fully meet the standard, in addition to satisfactory blood sugar control, blood lipids, blood pressure are normal or close to normal, weight is maintained in the normal range, and have a good mental state.
As long as parents have confidence in their children, adhere to treatment, and strictly control blood sugar according to doctors' advice, I believe that children can grow up happily!