Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Zheng Lin
Haining Yanguan, Zhejiang, an ancient town with a history of more than 2,000 years, was once the fiefdom of Wang Yu, the king of Anhua County, the anti-Jin hero of the Song Dynasty.
Born in 1877, Wang Guowei is the 33rd generation of King Anwar. He first received a traditional Confucian education under the door of Mr. Pan Shouchang of Haining Private School, and then under the guidance of his teacher Chen Shoutian, he opened up a new vision.
Chen Shoutian had a well-known teacher: Li Shanlan, a native of Haining, a mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He participated in the translation of Euclid's Geometric Primitives and other works, ushering in a new era in the history of Chinese science.
It was under the influence of Chen Shoutian that Wang Guowei, who was full of traditional poetry books, also developed a strong interest in new learning.
Honest as ham
At the age of 17, he abandoned the exam on the spot
Wang Guowei has a poem "Huan Xi Sha", which depicts a lonely goose: "At the end of the day, the clouds are dimmed, the lost geese fly against the wind, and the rivers and lakes fall peacefully?"
In this life, he is also like this goose flying against the wind, with nowhere to return in the turbulent situation.
Wang Guowei lost his mother at the age of three, and from an early age, he had a melancholy personality, was not good at words, and his appearance was not pleasing to people: short, with a collapsed nose and a yellow face. Lu Xun once said: "He is as honest as a ham." Hu Shi was more direct: "It looks really ugly." But just reading his poems and words, I thought he was a talented man! ”
Although his appearance is not proud, Wang Guowei is talented, and he was known as Haining Talent at a young age, and he was admitted to the Xiucai at the age of 15. His father, Wang Naiyu, had high hopes for him, but this seemingly wooden son was actually untamed in his heart.
In 1893, on the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, the imperial court opened the "Enke", which was taken more than once in addition to the usual three-year entrance examination. The 17-year-old Wang Guowei was sent by his father to Hangzhou to catch the exam. As a result, he actually abandoned the exam on the spot.
This made Wang Naiyu, who was full of "chicken baby", how willing to be, so he sent his son to Hangzhou Chongwen College to study.
After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government signed the "Treaty of Maguan", and Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao presided over the "Book on the Bus", which made Wang Guowei realize that the imperial examination was useless, and new learning was the future. At that time, he longed to stay in the West, but his family was not rich enough to support the expensive tuition fees. Later, with the support of his lifelong friend Luo Zhenyu, he finally studied in Japan, and because of his frail health, he returned to China the following year, "since then, it has become an era of independent study."
Proficient in new Chinese studies
Repeatedly rejected Peking University Tsinghua
Wang Guowei's life was full of contradictions.
He has a profound attainment in traditional Chinese studies, but he has no intention of pursuing a career; he likes new learning, is proficient in many Chinese words, but he thinks of himself as a qing dynasty widow and wears braids; he wants to serve the country loyally with his talents and learning, but he enters the small imperial court against the times and becomes the teacher of the deposed emperor Puyi, with the honor of being able to ride a horse in the "Forbidden City".
Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, asked him to become a professor four times, but he refused. In the end, Cai Yuanpei "five Gu Maolu" and stated that he only needed to write letters to teach remotely, and Wang Guowei agreed, and insisted on not having a salary.
Tsinghua University established the Institute of Chinese Studies, the president Cao Yunxiang Three Gu Maolu, commissioned Hu Shi, dispatched Puyi, and finally invited Wang Guowei, which led to the famous "Four Tutors of Tsinghua Research Institute" (Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Zhao Yuanren).
After completing one ground-breaking academic study after another on his own, at the age of 50, Wang Guo committed suicide at the Summer Palace Kunming Lake. Just the night before, he was still talking about scholarship at Chen Yinke's home, Chen Yinke did not feel any difference, did not think that Wang Guowei was already carrying a suicide note in his pocket at this time, only a few 122 words - fifty years, only one death, after this life, there is no more humiliation...
Extremely social
To study alone for a lifetime is to gain a confidant
From today's point of view, Wang Guowei is undoubtedly a "social phobia" patient, extremely bad at dealing with people. But it is his "solo learning" spirit that allows him to devote himself to the study of learning.
Wang Guowei not only dabbled in a wide range, but also went deep into every field. He taught himself English and German, and could study the original works of Kant and Schopenhauer; he studied "Dream of the Red Chamber" and wrote "Comments on the Dream of the Red Chamber", which achieved the first comparative research paper on Chinese and Western literature in the history of Chinese literature research, which became a milestone in red studies; he was an outstanding poet, who wrote "Words and Words in the World" and commented on old Chinese literature with a new vision; he wrote the earliest book on the history of opera in China in only 4 years, "Song and Yuan Opera Examination".
In Wang Guowei's life, there is a close friend who has been friends for 30 years and has to be mentioned, that is, Luo Zhenyu, a native of Zhejiang. Wang Guowei, who has a lonely and fragile personality, is precisely because of such a gold lord who can resonate spiritually, work together academically, and have good connections, that he can achieve the later "Luo Wang's Learning".
Their relationship began with Luo Zhenyu hosting the "Eastern Literature Society" in Shanghai, and Luo Zhenyu saw from the fan that Wang Guowei gave him the talent and ambition of this unkind descendant. Wang Guowei wrote a poem on the fan: "Whether the magnificent monarch knows it throughout the ages, the east head of the Black Sea looks at Great Qin." This is about The Eastern Han Dynasty, ganying, who was the first Chinese in history to reach the Persian Gulf and stand on the Black Coast and look at the Roman Empire from afar.
The imposing verses touched Luo Zhenyu, and from then on, he looked at Wang Guowei differently.
During their stay in Japan, they wrote the modern Chinese archaeological work "Quicksand Falling Jane". Luo Zhenyu asked the French sinologist Sha Qi for a photo of Dunhuang Hanjian who was living overseas, and then studied it with Wang Guowei. In 1914, "Quicksand Falling Jane" was published, and Lu Xun was amazed when he saw it, believing that this was the real Sinology.
Immerse yourself in the study of Oracle
Push forward China's history by a thousand years
Wang Guowei and Luo Zhenyu were both very interested in Oracle, and together with Guo Moruo and Dong Zuobin, they were called the "Four Halls of Oracle Bones".
Luo Zhenyu's "Examination interpretation of the Book of Yin Xu", which interprets 485 oracle bone texts, was transcribed and proofread by Wang Guowei, who corrected some errors in the book.
Later, when Wang Guowei continued to study the Oracle, he made another major discovery. In 1917, he wrote "The Examination of the First Prince and the King" seen in Yin Bu's Speech, and then wrote a "Continuation Examination". In these two works, Wang Guowei examined Wang Hai, Wang Heng, Shangjia, and so on, proving that the records in Sima Qian's "Records of History" were generally correct, and also corrected the errors in the order of reporting B, reporting C, and reporting Ding in the "History of Yin Benji".
At that time, Westerners only recognized China as beginning in 841 BC in the first year of the Western Zhou Republic, because since then there have been strict chronicles. Wang Guowei's research proves that the list of shang dynasty monarchs in the "Chronicle of History" is correct, but there are two monarchs in reverse order, and the history of the Shang Dynasty is true, which pushes the history of China forward by a thousand years.
Researcher Wang Yu, director of the Institute of Culture of the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, who participated in the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project, believes that Wang Guowei's academic achievements have swept through many fields such as philosophy, aesthetics, history, archaeology, etc., among which history is the most profound and knowledgeable, and truly reached the perfect realm of the trinity of righteousness, evidence, and lexicon. He was able to integrate Chinese and Western methods in terms of academic methods, open up a generation of atmosphere, and achieve international academic influence. It is no exaggeration to say that Wang Guowei is one of the most outstanding academic masters in modern China.
Kingdom Dimension Knowledge Tuka
Wang Guowei (1877-1927), a native of Haining, Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Wang Guowei was a well-known scholar with international reputation during the intersection of modern and modern China, and he integrated Western philosophy and aesthetic thought with Classical Chinese philosophy and aesthetics to form a unique aesthetic thought system.
He is in Zhejiang: Wang Guowei has profound achievements in literature, philosophy, opera, archaeology, history and other fields, all of which benefit from his basic education in Haining and Hangzhou.
He is in the textbook: Wang Guowei does not appear in primary and secondary school textbooks, and it is suggested that students who like literature and history can read his "Human Words" and "Comments on the Dream of the Red Chamber".
Thinking questions
Wang Guowei elaborated on the famous "Three Realms" in "Human Words", how do you understand this? Welcome to submit articles and sign up for the "Zhejiang School Youth League".
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