The Han people have a darkest moment in history close to the extinction of the extinction, but on the Internet there have been rumors that the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are absurd and beautiful, in the chaos between the strong Han and the Sheng Tang for more than 400 years, absurdity is quite absurd, beautiful but not necessarily, once the Han Dynasty passed, a long period of chaos began in history, the longest period of division and the most frequent change of power in Chinese history, mountains and rivers were broken, life was burned, people were like grass mustard, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were the end of this chaotic era.
Northern Dynasty
The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420~589 years) is the collective name of the four orthodox dynasties established by the Han in Chinese history, the upper Chengdong Jin Dynasty and the Lower Sui Dynasty, and confronted the five regimes established by the Northern Hu people, a total of 24 emperors, 169 years.
The Northern Dynasties included Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Wu Dynasties, with Northern Wei splitting into Eastern Wei and Western Wei, Northern Qi replacing Eastern Wei, Northern Zhou replacing Western Wei, and Northern Zhou destroying Northern Qi. From the time Northern Wei unified the north to the establishment of the Sui Dynasty by Emperor Wen of Sui, these five dynasties confronted the four dynasties of Liu Song, Southern Qi, Southern Liang, and Southern Chen (that is, the Southern Dynasty) that appeared successively in the southern region after the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, collectively known as the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Tang Dynasty officials revised the history and honored the Northern and Southern Dynasties as orthodoxy.
Northern wei dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty was built by the Xianbei Tuoba Dynasty, also known as the Yuan Wei Dynasty. Tuoba originally lived in the area of present-day Xing'an Ridge in northeast China, and then gradually moved south to the Mongolian steppe, where they lived by nomadic herding as a profession by "shooting and hunting". In the fourth year of Xiankang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (338), its leader Shi Yiqian was called Daiwang, and established the state of Dai, Dushengle (present-day Inner Mongolia and the area around Linger). It was later destroyed by Former Qin Fujian. In the first year of the Northern Wei dynasty (386), Tuoba Jue, the grandson of Shi Yiqian, succeeded him as Dai Wang, and soon changed the name of the country to Wei, formulated a canon, and rebuilt the country, and the history was called Northern Wei, and Tuoba Jue was Taizu Daowu Emperor.
Tuoba Jue, also known as Tuoba Kai, Tuoba Shi Yigui, Tuoba Yigui, Tuoba Shi Jiao, character Sheng Le (present-day Inner Mongolia and Linger) people, Xianbei people. The founding emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was the grandson of Zhaocheng Emperor Tuoba Shiyiqian and the son of Xianming Emperor Tuoba Yin, and his mother was Empress Xianming, He Shi.
On the 34th day of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was born in northern Jianhebei. In the thirty-ninth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (376), after the fall of the Daiguo, Emperor Xuanzhao Fu Jian placed the young Tuoba Jue in his hometown, and then followed his mother Empress Xiangming to live in the Xiongnu Dugu tribe leader Liu Kuren tribe. In the first year of Dengguo (386), he took advantage of the chaos to restore the dynastic state, that is, located in Niuchuan, and later changed his name to King Wei, at this time Tuoba Jue was only fifteen years old. Internally, he carried out a series of reforms (Tuoba Jue reform) to promote the Tuoba Xianbei regime into feudal society; He defeated the grassland tribes such as Helanbu, Tiefu, Gaoche, and Rouran, and fought with Later Yan and Later Qin for dominance in the Central Plains, defeated Murong Bao in the Battle of Hepi, and defeated Yao Xing at the Battle of Chaibi, laying a solid foundation for Tuoba Tao to unify the north. In the third year of the emperor's reign (398), the name of the state was determined to be "Wei", and the capital of the state was moved from Shenglecheng to Pingcheng, that is, the emperor's throne. In the late ruling period, he indulged in wine, rigid self-use, jealous of subordinates, and discordant brothers.
On October Bochen Day in the sixth year of Tianci, in the palace coup d'état launched by Tuoba Shao, he was killed at the age of thirty-nine, and he was posthumously honored by Emperor Xuanwu and the temple name Liezu. In the fifth year of Tai Chang (420), he became Emperor Daowu. In the fifteenth year of Taihe (491), the temple name was changed to Taizu.
In 493, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang and carried out major reforms. After Emperor Xiaowen's reforms and the Six Towns Rebellion, Northern Wei eventually split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei.
Western Wei
Western Wei (535–556), a local dynasty split from Northern Wei during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Yuan Baoju ascended the throne as emperor with the support of the ministers led by Yuwen Tai, and the state name was "Wei". In opposition to the Eastern Wei and Southern Liang dynasties controlled by Gao Huan, the capital was established Chang'an (the site of present-day Chang'an City in Xi'an Han). It was replaced by Northern Zhou in 557, and it lasted for 22 years after two generations and three emperors.
In 535, after Yuwen Tai poisoned Emperor Yuan Xiu of Wei Xiaowu, he and his vassals supported Yuan Baoju as emperor and changed the reign of Yuan. In 551, Yuan Baoju died, and Crown Prince Yuan Qin took the throne. In the second year of the abolition of Emperor (553), he obtained the Shu lands of Southern Liang, and in the first year of Emperor Gong, Yuwen Tai ordered Yu Jin to capture Jiangling again. Yuan Qin was killed in 554. Yuanbaoju's fourth son, Yuankuo, was put on the throne by Yuwen Tai and was actually a puppet. Under the Yuwen Taihu movement, the surname was restored. In the third year of Emperor Gong of Western Wei (556), Yuwen Tai died of illness and was taken power by his nephew Yuwen Hu. In 557, Yuwen Hu forced Emperor Gong of Western Wei to cede Yuwen Jue, Emperor Xiaomin, to establish Northern Zhou, and Western Wei was overthrown.
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wei (534–550), one of the separatist regimes of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, was a split regime from the Northern Wei Dynasty. It lasted seventeen years, and the first emperor.
The Northern Wei regime was crumbling under the blows of the uprisings of the people of all ethnic groups in the late Wei dynasty, and fierce power struggles began within the ruling class. Er Zhurong launched the Heyin Rebellion and took control of the central power of Northern Wei. In 534, Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei, established by the powerful minister Gao Huan, Yuan Xiu, was unwilling to be a puppet emperor and was forced to defect to the Guanlong warlord Yuwen Tai. Gao Huan temporarily supported Yuan Qi to preside over the imperial government, but after returning to Beijing, he abolished Yuan Qi's power on the grounds of generational confusion, and replaced Yuan Qi's son, and Yuan Shanjian became emperor at the age of eleven, that is, Emperor Xiaojing of Wei, and Eastern Wei began.
Eastern Wei established a state based on the strength of the Han Dynasty, and fought two major battles with Western Wei, losing one and winning one. Three years after the Battle of Huangshan, Gao Huan fell ill and died. The eldest son, Gao Cheng, continued to oversee the Chinese and foreign armies and oversaw the imperial government. Two years later, he was assassinated by a Han slave. During Gao Huan's rise to power, land annexation was serious, social and ethnic contradictions were sharp, and he was repeatedly defeated by his archrival Western Wei Yuwen Tai. In the eighth year of Wuding (550), Gao Huan's second son Gao Yang succeeded him and became the king of Qi. Emperor Xiaojing of Wei abdicated in the name of Zen Rang. Gao Yang called the emperor and established the state of Qi.
Northern Qi
(Famous psychotic family Avian Beast Dynasty)
Northern Qi (550~577) was one of the Northern Dynasty regimes during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China, founded by Gao Yang, the second son of Gao Huan, a powerful minister of Eastern Wei. After six emperors, he reigned for 28 years.
After the death of the Eastern Wei courtier Gao Huan, his eldest son Gao Cheng succeeded the Wei government and was assassinated by a family slave when he was about to usurp him. His brother Gao Yang took the throne and deposed the puppet emperor Xiaojing Emperor of Eastern Wei, and in 550 (May Noonday of the Gengwu year), he became emperor, the state name Qi, Jianyuan Tianbao, and the capital Yecheng, known as Northern Qi. Because the royal surname is Gao, it is also known as Gao Qi.
Northern Qi inherited the territory controlled by Eastern Wei and occupied a vast area of Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, as well as northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. Dynasties that coexisted with it included Western Wei, Northern Zhou (replacing Western Wei), Liang, and Chen (replacing Liang, but only occupying part of the former's territory). Three years after Tianbao of Northern Qi (552), the Northern Qi attacked Kumoxi, the northeast chased the Khitans, the northwest broke Rouran, the west Ping Shanhu, the south took Huainan, and the power extended to the Yangtze River, at which time Northern Qi's national strength reached its peak. Emperor Wucheng was faint and lustful, and the national strength of Northern Qi declined greatly, and he died soon after, and was succeeded by the later lord Gao Wei. Gao Wei is also faint and lecherous, with chaotic national politics, and also kills the famous general Hu Luguang. Northern Qi then captured Huainan by Southern Chen, where he died in Northern Zhou in 577.
Northern Zhou
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (557–581) was one of the Northern Dynasties in Chinese history, with Yuwen Tai, a minister of Western Wei, formally established by Yuwen Jue with the support of Yuwen Hu. Also known as Houzhou and Yuwen Zhou. Five emperors, a total of twenty-four years.
In the third year of Emperor Gong of Western Wei (556), after the death of Yuwen Tai, who actually controlled the power of Western Wei, his third son Yuwen Jue officially ascended the throne as King of Heaven and Duke of Zhou. At the beginning of the following year, the Yuwen clan deposed Emperor Gong of Western Wei and established a state, with the state name Zhou, and established its capital in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), historically known as Northern Zhou. Emperor Yuwen Jue of Northern Zhou was young, and power was in the hands of his cousin Yuwen Hu. In September, Yuwen protected Emperor Xiaomin and established Yuwen Yu as emperor. In the second year of Wucheng (560), Yuwen Hu poisoned Yuwen Yu again, and established Yuwen Yong as emperor, known as Emperor Wudi of Northern Zhou. In the first year of Jiande (572), Emperor Wu of Zhou, Yuwen Yongzhi, took charge of the imperial government and carried out many reforms. In 577, Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou destroyed Northern Qi and unified the north. In 581, Yang Jian was proclaimed emperor by the Chan, changed the name of the state to Sui, and Northern Zhou died.
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