Text / Picture Angler Original Aims to spread fish knowledge and promote fishing culture
preface:
The scientific name of Yayu is split-bellied fish, produced in The Zhougong River, a tributary of the Qingyi River in Ya'an, Sichuan, there are two kinds of split-bellied fish in the river, both called Yayu, Yayu is one of the three absolutes of Ya'an, and is the "city biological business card" representing Ya'an City. Why can Yayu become the biological business card of Ya'an City? What are the names of yayu, and what kind of naming is the most recognizable? What is the potential value of Yayu as a biological business card for the tourism development of Ya'an City?
Ya fish
As a reader, you can learn the following through this article:
What is the reason why Yayu can become the biological business card of Ya'an City
Through the discussion of the naming of yayu, the knowledge of fish and related cultures can be obtained
The biological specificity of the two species of fish explains the biological evolutionary process
How to tap the potential tourism value of Yayu
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, why Yayu can become the urban biological business card of Ya'an City as a split-bellied fish</h1>
Located in the transition zone between the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ya'an City is the center of the ancient Qingyi Western Qiang Kingdom, the gateway of the ancient Southern Silk Road, and the hometown of giant pandas. Ya'an Sanjie refers to Yayu, Yanu and Yayu. Yayu tastes very delicious and has become a tribute in the Qing Dynasty, Yanu refers to the Beauty of Ya'an Area, Yayu refers to Ya'an City is a "rainy city", the number of rainy days in a year as many as 200 days.
Ya'an chose Yayu as the city's biological business card, did not choose the giant panda, one is because the giant panda is a national treasure, can not be used as a municipal biological business card, and the second is from the side that Yayu also has considerable competitiveness and advantages, in order to become the biological business card of Ya'an City. Here's why:
1. Yayu is the only split-bellied fish related to beautiful myths and legends
There are many species of split-bellied fish, although some have become the biological business card of the river, such as the Gongshan split-bellied fish becoming the nu river biological business card; the heterocenotic split-bellied fish has become the biological business card of the Brahmaputra; and the Dali split-bellied fish is one of the four famous fish in Yunnan. But apart from the Ya fish (scientific name: Split-bellied fish), there is no other kind of split-bellied fish associated with beautiful myths and legends.
Yayu, also known as swordfish, originates from the myth and legend of Nüwa Supplementing Heaven. Legend has it that when Nuwa made up the heavens, she used up the colorful stones, but there was still a small hole in the sky that was not repaired, becoming a heavenly leak, this place is the "rain city" Ya'an, in the process of making up the sky, the sword accidentally fell into the Qingyi River and turned into a yayu. The only fish that can win such legendary honors is probably the carp that represents the allusion of the "white arowana suit". The two words Yayu and Tsing Yi River are paired with each other, which is very national, and the Qingyi in ancient opera refers to the dignified and elegant Miaoling woman. Yayu, Yayu, Yanu "Ya'an Three Absolutes" are natural and poetic. Beautiful myths and legends have branded Yayu with cultural labels.
2, Yayu is a very special split-bellied fish, there is a sword-like bone spur in the skull, unique
The distribution of split-bellied fish is greatly affected by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mainly distributed in Yun, Gui, Sichuan, Tibet, Qingdao and other provinces. The large fish in the rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly split-bellied fish and naked carp. They are similar in appearance, differing in that naked carps have no scales and split-bellied fish have scales or no scales.
Naked carp: As the name suggests, it refers to carp without scales, such as Qinghai Lake naked carp (huang fish), spotted naked carp, Jinsha River leopard fish (thick-lipped naked heavy lip), pointed naked carp and so on.
Split-bellied fish: It is a fish of the subfamily Schizothoptera under the Cyprinid family, and has three genera: split-bellied fish, split-belly fish, and leaf-whiskered fish. Some places call it bowfish, such as The Dali Bowfish (Schizojiri fish genus) and the Tarim Bowfish. There are many species under the genus, such as Sichuan split-bellied fish, gray split-bellied fish, Gongshan split-bellied fish, Yunnan split-bellied fish, Lhasa split-bellied fish, etc., and there are many varieties.
Yayu is the abbreviation of the schizophrenic fish, which belongs to the split-bellied fish, and the yayu is very special in the split-bellied fish, not all the split-bellied fish are called yayu. Because the head of the fish contains a sword-like bone spur, while the skull of other split-bellied fish does not have this remarkable feature, the unique characteristics make it one of the reasons for the biological business card of Ya'an City.
The fish has a sword-like bone spur on its head
3. Yayu was once a tribute in the Qing Dynasty, a rare and precious freshwater fish, with wide popularity
There is no shortage of valuable freshwater fish in China, since ancient times, people are eager for the delicacy of fish, such as delicious puffer fish, anchovies and so on. Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the verse "People on the river, but love the beauty of perch", and the perch mentioned in the poem refers to the Songjiang perch (four gill perch). There are also fine scaled fish praised by the Kangxi Emperor's poem "There are yicui tail fish, fine scales and autumn spines". The fish was praised by Empress Dowager Cixi as the "meat of the dragon and phoenix", and became a royal tribute like the flying dragon bird (dragon meat). Such popularity has helped it become the city's biological business card of Ya'an City.
4. Yayu is a classic dish that helps to enhance the soft power of the city
Yayu is delicious and can be fried raw without putting oil, and the methods are diverse, which is a tourist delicacy. Among them, "casserole Yayu" is a traditional dish of Ya'an, and has been rated as one of the top ten classic dishes of Sichuan cuisine. Often appeared in the "finale" at the hospitality feast, so that the eaters could not forget the rain city of Ya'an. This helps to boost the soft power of the city.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, through the naming reference of Yayu, to obtain new knowledge of fish culture</h1>
Has been very confused, why is it called Yayu, is it called Yayu before, or later there is this name, after querying the data found that Yayu has c-hole fish, Jiayu, thin turtle, Qikou fish, foreign fish, I think it is very interesting, there is a paragraph describing the characteristics of Yayu text: "Split belly red tail, shaped like carp and scales like trout." I can't help but ask myself, how did these names come about, are they accurate? Is it only the fish that has a split belly and a red tail? What does it mean to "resemble a carp and scale like a trout"? The following is a discussion of the evidence from three aspects in order to obtain new knowledge.
1. Whether calling Yayu with C hole fish and Jia fish will help improve the recognition of the fish
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Ya'an Rural Chronicle" records that "Jiayu: Produced by the foothills of the Yellow Warbler's Mouth in the retrograde five miles of Zhou Gongshui, the scales are as shiny as gold, and the forehead has two whiskers, resembling the ancient Chinese character C." In the old days, there was the eye of the C cave jia fish, or the name of the good deed, and the ranya fish was the most delicious, cherished near and far. From these descriptions, it can be concluded that the name Yayu appeared in the Qing Dynasty, not named later, and has long been known as C-hole fish and Jiayu, Yayu is produced in the foothills of the upper reaches of the Zhougong River, where the foothills refer to the eastern foothills of Qionglai Mountain, and the ancients only knew that this fish had the habit of coming out of the cave, and it resembled a C-shaped shape.
Origin of C-hole fish
In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu described the poem of the C cave fish: "The fish knows the origin of the C cave, and the wine recalls the pi cylinder without pickles." In fact, Du Fu said that the C-hole fish is called Yayu according to people's conventions, but it is not necessarily said that It is Yayu, he is just a poet, not a biologist. He also followed the earlier ancients to talk about Yayu, such as the pre-Qin "Erya Shiyu" (Chapter 16): "The fish pillow is called Ding, the fish intestine is called B, and the fish tail is called C." , the curved fish intestine is described as the "B" word, the figure eight shaped fish tail is described as the "C" word, the C hole refers to the cave like the fish tail, in essence, it is about the cave or the cave cave, the C cave fish is the meaning of the cave fish, the ancients said that the C hole fish does not specifically refer to the Ya fish, is the general name of the cave fish.
The hieroglyph "C", ancient C refers to the shape of a fish's tail
As for the cave, the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing "Hongya County Chronicle" describes it as follows: "Jiayu, Tile Fish: Out of the Wawu Mountain under the flint deer stone and other streams, out of the cave, the taste is extremely beautiful." "In fact, Yayu is a semi-cave fish, only to go to deep-water caves when wintering, and now the study of cave fish is very rich and informative, there are full cave blind fish, there are also semi-cave fish, the distribution range is also very wide, especially in Guangxi and other karst landform mountainous areas the most species, moreover, The caves inhabited by Yayu caves are not only caves, but also rock caves under the water in rivers, which are called rock cavity caves by locals in Sichuan. This passage defines the geographical scope, which comes from Wawu Mountain, and is also called Wayu.
Caverns
What kind of fish did the ancients mean by "JiaYu"?
Some people pointed out that the three kinds of yayu, jiayu and cymbal fish were named after the first to appear as "jiayu".
The Book of Poetry, Xiao ya Nan Youjiayu, describes it this way:
In the south, there are Jiayu, and the hood is covered. Gentlemen have wine, guest-style swallows to enjoy.
In the south, there are Jiayu, and there are Shanshan in the south. Gentlemen have wine, guest-style swallows to the grasshopper.
In the south there are oak trees, and they are tired. Gentlemen have wine, guest-style Yan Suizhi.
Flutterers, thoughts. Gentlemen have wine, guest-style swallows and thoughts.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the great sichuan talent Yang Shenyong Jiayu's poem: "There is Jiayu in the south, out of the C cave." Yellow River peach blossoms, taste and reciprocal. The most suitable is the banana leaf. Do not grease the fat, put out the drip fire. ”
Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty commented: "Jia fish, carp, trout muscle."
"Guangxi ShanChuan Chronicle" Xunzhou Fu GuiXian note: "Jiayu well in the west of the county, Quantong River Cave, when out of Jiayu. ”
The "Nan you Jia Yu" in the poem actually refers to a very broad one, which means that there are some delicious fish in the south, which come from the cave and are called Jia Yu, so Jia Yu is actually a general term for some cave fish, or borrowed to refer to delicious fish. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's commentary was more specific, saying that Jiayu had rainbow trout-like scales and the flesh of crucian carp. In addition to Zhu Xi, others refer to cave fish, and the Jia fish recorded in the Guangxi Shanchuan Chronicle refers to the cuttlefish and mud carp with semi-cave habits widely distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi and other places.
Guangxi half-cave fish - Chinese carp, cuttlefish
The name Yayu, which is easier to understand, refers specifically to the split-bellied fish produced in the Ya'an section of the Dadu River and has sword-like bone spurs on its head. For the name "Jiayu", many people still have some misunderstandings and even arguments in their understanding. Some people think that Jiayu is named after the region. The current Leshan City was called Jiazhou in ancient times, so for example, some people say that Jiayu was named after the ancient Jiazhou "Jia" character. This understanding is incorrect. However, the production pattern of Yayu is related to Hongya County, the foothills of Wawu Mountain are the migration site of Yayu, and the upper reaches of the Zhougong River, a tributary of the Tsing Yi River, are at the foot of Wawu Mountain, and familiar friends know that the WawuShan Reservoir under Wawu Mountain is now renamed Yanu Lake.
Conclusion: In ancient times, people's naming of fish was relatively general, such as the south likes to call the striped small fish "Diaozi Fish", and the white stripe, horse-mouth fish, small mouth fish, meal, bass, and catfish are called Diao Zi Fish. In the same way, before the establishment of fish biology, the two names of "C-hole fish" and "Jia fish" were only now conventionally referred to as Ya fish, but they could not effectively distinguish Ya fish from other cave fish, let alone distinguish them from other split-bellied fish in a small area. The scientific name of the split-bellied fish is too pedantic and does not meet the needs of development, so the name of Yayu is the most appropriate! The most recognizable.
2. Can the definitions and descriptions of "fine turtle" and "carp-like and scaly trout"allow us to effectively distinguish between similar fish?
In addition to defining the name of the fish, there are also some texts that describe the characteristics of the fish, such as "thin turtle" and "shaped like a carp and scaled like a trout". Are these descriptions accurate? Personally, I think that "fine turtle" is not particularly accurate, too abstract, because there are many fish with similar scales, can not be effectively distinguished, the ancients described fish scales are more chaotic, more crowned with white turtles, fine scales, fine turtles and other names.
White turtles have many large and dense scales, similar to the ancient fish scales in China, such as the southern white turtle.
Thin turtle refers to the large gap between the scales, similar to the central Asian samurai lock armor, such as copper fish, large scaled catfish, bream and so on.
Fine scaled fish refers to the small and airtight scales of the fish, mostly refers to salmonids, such as Qinling fine scale salmon, rainbow trout, Zheluo salmon, Arctic anise and so on.
The following fish, if identified according to the ancient general definition of fine turtle and fine scale fish, are difficult to effectively distinguish without careful description.
Fish that are very similar in appearance, scales and fish, if you look closely, can you tell the difference?
The scales of the fish are closest to those of the rainbow trout. Thus, Zhu Xi's description: "Jia fish, carp, trout muscle." Is more accurate.
Rainbow trout and yayu scales are closest
3. Is it only Yayu who is a "split-bellied red tail"?
The text describing the fish as a "split-bellied red-tailed" only shows that the fish has the characteristics of a red tail, but it cannot be used as a criterion to distinguish other split-bellied fish. Because not only the tail fin of the Ya fish is light red, but also the tail of the Kunming split-bellied fish and the Dali split-bellied fish are also reddish.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the biological specificity of the three and two species of fish explains the biological evolutionary process</h1>
Again, in the waters of the Zhougong River, a tributary of the Tsing Yi River, there are two species of split-bellied fish, both of which have sword-like bone spurs and belong to Yayu. The scientific name is one called the schizophrenic fish, and the other is called the heavy-mouth split-bellied fish, which belongs to the relationship between the brothers. The schizothorax is an omnivorous fish dominated by plant algae, and the schizothorax is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal aquatic insects. This is a testament to the impact of the environment on biological evolution.
What are the different evolutions of the two species of fish in order to adapt to their environment?
The schizothorax is in the lower mouth position, and the lower lip has a well-developed and sharp stratum corneum, which is convenient for preying on benthic organisms and scraping epiphytic algae on underwater stones. The gills are small and tightly arranged, making it easy to filter water and leave food behind. The throat teeth are recessed like spoons and have well-developed pads for chewing and rubbing and crushing food. The upper tip of the throat tooth is curved and hook-shaped, which can play a role in tearing and cutting some algae moss, which is the same as grass carp and bluefish. The intestines are curved and slender, making it easy to digest food.
The slit-bellied fish mainly eat aquatic insects, insect larvae, and also eat small fish, as well as algae and plant debris residue. The mouth is also inferior, but has well-developed whiskers and lips, which make it easy to spot aquatic larvae under the stones. The lip has a retractable tubular mouth like a carp, the mouth can be opened very large, there are many taste buds and mucus cells in the mouth that experience taste, it can rummage through the mud like a carp to find aquatic insects, and can distinguish whether food is delicious. The filter feeding function of the gills is not as strong as that of the schizophrenic fish. The intestine is thick and short, and can also secrete lubricating mucus, which is convenient for larger foods to pass, and the intestinal coil is simpler, but it has folds in the lining of the intestine, which is elastic and can increase the area of digestion and absorption, so that the intestine is prepared for animal food.
Analysis of the reasons why the two species of fish have produced different evolutions
Yayu live in a small range of waters, "rain city" Ya'an altitude of about 2000 meters, belongs to the cold water environment, the source of fish food in the river is mainly algae and insect aquatic larvae, in order to maximize survival, a kind of Yayu (schizothopsis fish) evolved to feed on algae, the jaw has a sharp stratum corneum. A species of fish (heavy split-bellied fish) with a lip like a hose that can stretch to eat bugs, and the tentacles are long, making it easy to find animal food. The purpose of such an evolution is to maximize the efficacy of food resources, and there will be no rushing to eat one type of food, while ignoring another food, which will help meet the needs of the overall survival and continuation of the species.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4. What is the potential value of Yayu for the tourism development of Ya'an City? </h1>
Ya'an is a famous city with profound historical and cultural heritage, with superior geographical location and many tourism resources. Yayu taste delicious, Yayu has a beautiful legend, to be rationally used, has a certain potential tourism value.
Ya'an Zhougong River scenic spot
1. You can use the legend of Yayu to play the main cultural card, compile into a large-scale song and dance drama, and tap the tourism value. Like Yueyang, there is the Dongting Square of the legend of Yueyang Louba Snake. Another example is that Hangzhou built a Song City according to Zhang Zeduan's "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty", and the large-scale song and dance "Song City Ancient Love" interprets the connotation of Song culture and becomes the soul of Song City. The myth and legend of Nüwa Patching Heaven is also a good original ecological cultural theme. Yayu, Yanu, Yayu and Ya'an tea culture, Qiang culture, and giant panda are all good cultural materials. And the surrounding tourist attractions such as Wawu Mountain to form a tourism matrix.
2, the development of tourism aquaculture, Yayu can now be artificial breeding, can be in the development of tourism industry, the use of water resources to enrich the advantages of vigorously develop Yayu aquaculture industry; can also establish Yayu Luya Fishing City; transformation of Zhougong River Yayu Nature Reserve, the development of tourism fish viewing corridor; or the use of regional resource advantages to develop Yayu food deep processing industry, become a tourist souvenir snack.
End of this article