Wang Yisun was a master of chanting words, and he created a large number of chants, of which 34 of the 65 words that he has survived today, including 26 poems of yongshan and rivers and grasses, three inscriptions, and 2 songs of chants. The previous article wrote about the imagery of maple leaves, spring water and moon in Wang Yisun's words, and the scenes in Wang Yisun's words have a beautiful artistic conception, and what kind of emotions he uses to describe the scenes.
Among Wang Yisun's poems, there are also 3 poems that chant small creatures, that is, fireflies and cicadas, and his words for chanting fireflies and cicadas are very famous in this type of lyrics. Because the fireflies and cicadas sung by the lyricist have delicate, soft, and displaced imagery, they also have a desolate beauty, often revealing the inner emotions and artistic style of the individual. Therefore, Wang Yisun's chants are more poignant, conveying the desolation of the world in femininity, so that the overall style of the lyrics has the characteristics of melancholy and graceful.
Today's article will look at the fireflies and cicadas in Wang Yisun's words, how he chanted these little creatures, and what kind of imagery did these objects have in the lyrics?
Glowing fireflies in the grass at night
<h1>firefly</h1>
Fireflies are a small beetle, because their tail can emit fluorescence, so named fireflies, also known as luminous, night illumination, fluorescent fireflies, flaming night, etc., belongs to the Coleoptera family. Fireflies often lay their eggs on grass roots near the water's edge, and the ancients mistakenly believed that fireflies were metamorphosis of rotting grasses. In the early Tang Dynasty, the book "Art and Literature Cluster" written by Ouyang Qing, Ling Hu Defen and others wrote: "Rotten grass turned into fireflies. "It is necessary to clarify here that this is the ancient people's unscientific understanding of the multiplication of fireflies.
Wang Yisun's lyrics "Qi Tianle Firefly" is written about fireflies, Qi Tianle is the name of the word brand, the first half of the ten sentences of five rhymes, the second half of the eleven sentences of five rhymes. Qi Tianle is the "Yellow Bell Palace" in the notes of the famous Southern Song Dynasty lyricist Jiang Fu, Qi Tianle belongs to the double tone, and the whole word is 102 words. In Wang Yisun's poem, what kind of imagery does the little firework have? And look at the words of this song firefly:
Qi Tianle Firefly
The green traces first transform the pond grass, and the light of the field is taken advantage of.
Fan thin star stream, disc clear dew drops, scattered Akihara fly phosphorus.
Practice dress dark near. Remember that the willow is raw and cool, and the degree of lotus is divided.
Mistakenly I was crippled, and Cui Nang sighed that the dream was inaccurate.
When the building was a few o'clock, the people who leaned on the people did not sleep, and they were endowed with hatred.
Hanyuan drifting moss, Qinling falling leaves, desolate throughout the ages. Who is the province?
But the afterglow of the water, the remnants of the forest.
I have felt that I am already sparse, and I am even more able to bear the autumn night forever.
Wang Yisun was a man who had experienced the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and after entering the Yuan Dynasty, he regarded himself as a remnant of the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote his own experiences and emotions into his words, as a way to pin his deep hatred for the subjugation of the country.
The opening two sentences of the lyrics, "The First Pond Grass of the Green Trace, the Glow of the Wild Light", writes about the environment in which the fireflies are born and the characteristics of fluorescence, the fireflies have just evolved from the rotting grass by the pond, and they fly among the grasses one by one, and emit a slight green fluorescence.
The two words of bijian not only write the shape of the grass by the green pond, but also write the shape characteristics of the newborn fireflies, the image is novel and beautiful, the word is written twice, the text is very fresh, highlighting the visual beauty and color beauty of the object, making people love the grass and fireflies. The word ying ying writes the beauty of fluorescence: the fluorescent flashing in the field at night, the fireflies chasing each other, flying and playing.
The opening two sentences are very in place in the entry of the plot, the scene is extremely dynamic, the pen is bright and expressive, and the fireflies are dotted with lively and cute. These two sentences not only closely follow the theme, but also dye the imagery with vision and color, and set off the environment with time and space; the two are harmonious and very infectious. The success of these two sentences lies in the fact that they highlight the image characteristics of the fireflies, which makes people feel love and pity for the fireflies.
Fluorescent flashing
The next three sentences, "Fan thin star stream, disc clear dew drops, scattered Akihara flying phosphorus", the lyricist according to the flying form of the fireflies, expanded the imagination, without hesitation to describe the fireflies: with a thin fan to pounce on the fireflies, the fireflies flew away with light like meteors; the fireflies flashed like dewdrops in the dew plate; the glow emitted by the fireflies was like phosphorus fire in the autumn garden.
The lyricist gives the firefly dynamic beauty and imagery beauty with a rich imagination. After these three layers of portrayal, the image of the firefly is more layered and flowing, and the "thin star flow, disc clear dew drops" unfolds the narrative in the form of duality, and the rhetoric is beautiful. The phrase "zero fall of autumn akihara flying phosphorus" has changed from cool autumn to gloomy forest, and the image has also changed from gentle to cold. The word "scattered" faintly flows with the deep sadness of rise and fall, which directly triggers the sigh of self-harm of the following lyricists.
"Practice dress dark near" writes fireflies secretly flying close to the human body. This is followed by the two sentences of "remember the willow raw and cool, the degree of lotus is divided", with the note as the collar word, leading the author himself, writing the fireflies from the image in the author's memory, the angle changes, and the structure is no longer single. The two dual sentences cited by the note are extremely new and vivid: the flight of the willow, the lotus, and the fireflies are very beautiful; the raw and cool, fluorescence gives people a strong feeling; the division, not to say that the fireflies can produce a little glimmer in the pond when flying, and on the contrary, the fluorescence cuts through the twilight of the lotus pond, the idea is exquisite, and the words are novel and unique.
"Mistaken me to make up, Cui Nang empty sigh dream is not accurate", the allusion used in this sentence to Che Yin's reading is to say that he also studied hard like the ancients, and the dream of erudition and fame was not accurate, could not be realized, and could only be mistaken. Here, the lyricist borrows allusions related to fireflies to lament the death of the country and the unfulfilled feelings of what he has learned and ambitions in his life.
The second half of the Que is also written in the form of fireflies, and it comes down to the sentimentality of the life of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The first three sentences of the narrative writer see the firefly hate, the fireflies and people two clues in parallel without contradictory, the building yin corresponds to the leaning, the sleepless corresponds to the endowed hatred, and the feelings change with the change of the environment of the continuation.
The next three sentences, "Hanyuan drifting moss, Qinling falling leaves, and endless desolation throughout the ages", deeply contain the infinite miserable hatred of the lyricist: the garden moss of the Han Dynasty can float up, and the leaves of the tombs of the Qin Dynasty fly down, all of which are phenomena of national subjugation, and it is also the desolate thing of the ages, but what is even more desolate is that this kind of thing is still endless to this day.
In the face of the fall of Lin'an, the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the history of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the writers hide the feelings of home and country between the lines, which is the root of the lyricist's hatred. The destruction of the country and the death of the family made the lyricist can't help but send out the infinite sorrow of "the desolation of eternity".
With the sudden questioning of the lyricist "Who is the province", leading to the two sentences of "but the afterglow of the water, the remnants of the forest", the hatred of the lyricist turned another layer of waves. The lyricist asked: Who can examine? Without asking what happened, just to point out the relationship between fireflies and desolate things, there is no clear point, but it is just a roundabout foil of the writing, so that the reader can experience the author's intentions in an unclear way.
These things, only the flowing fireflies in the night can reflect and witness with their "afterglow" and "residual shadows" figures. The word He Ren, calling for people, refers to fireflies, which in turn allude to the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty like the author, and the image of the fireflies suddenly becomes clear here: the hatred of the lyricists in the face of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty is the same as that of fireflies. Fireflies and people are one and inseparable.
The two sentences of "I have felt depressed, and I am more worthy of the autumn night forever" write that fireflies are difficult to survive in the long autumn night, and it is difficult to endure the suffering in the long cold of the autumn night. It is a metaphor for the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty facing the rivers and mountains of their homeland, the uncertain future, and the difficult situation of the writer.
The last two sentences are also very characteristic in the way they are written, "already felt Xiao Shuo" is the general bundle of various desolate scenes in the previous text, and "more can be autumn and night forever" and sublimates the whole word mood progressively, as a summary of the whole word, the pen is sharp and powerful.
Wang Yisun's song ying yingzi, anthropomorphic writing of the firefly, borrows the image of the firefly to convey the emotions of the lyricist; the rhetoric uses chic novelty to connect the form of the fluorescent firefly with the life situation of the lyricist in the context of the times. It also integrates the fireflies, the lyricist, and the home country into one, and is a poem with lofty intentions.
A chirping cicada on a branch
<h1>cicada</h1>
There are no more than two methods of chanting: the first is to write the lyrical subject into the words, feel each other with the object being chanted, and then express one's own emotions in the angle transformation of the object and the self; the second is not to directly write the lyrical subject, but to hide it behind the object, borrowing the different emotional changes of the object in different times and in the air, showing the tortuous development of emotion.
Obviously, Wang Yisun's chant is a way of writing the lyrical subject into the words and interacting with the things being chanted, and the original words are as follows:
Qi Tianle Cicada
The green locust trees are quietly in the west window, tired of daytime sleep.
Drink naked lightly, chant wind wings thin, half ice note who sent.
Bleak and tired ears.
Long heavy flicking of the piano silk, afraid to find the crown.
Short dreams deep in the palace, to people still complain of haggard.
The residual rainbow has collected all the rain, and the late arrival is frequent and intermittent, all of which are autumn feelings.
Sick leaves are difficult to stay, fiber is easy to grow old, empty memories of the life of the oblique sun.
The window is broken. It has been extinguished, and it is still withered.
Sideburns are jagged, broken soul in the blue mirror.
The opening sentence ends from the environment in which the lyricist and the cicada coexist: a thousand trees of green locusts, thick shade, the west window is the place where the lyricist takes a lunch break, and in a quiet sleep state, the writer is suddenly awakened by the sound of cicadas. As can be seen from the green locust trees and the sound of cicadas, it is the height of summer. The quiet words point out a quiet and quiet atmosphere, and the change of situation is that the writer is suddenly awakened by the sound of cicadas.
Although the lyricist did not write about the cicada directly, he had already imagined the sultry of the cicada's cry. The shocking word shows the strong resonance of the cicada song when the lyricist is due to a certain state of mind, which paves the way for the lyricism of the borrowed objects below.
In the next three sentences, the lyricist borrows the cicada to support this state of mind. The angle of the depiction shifts from the person to the cicada: drinking naked lightly, chanting wind wings thin, on the surface is laying out the shape and habits of the cicada, in fact, it is more than the endowment, the endowment is happy. At the same time, the writing is also metaphorical, symbolizing the human sentiment in the word that has a deep feeling and strong resonance with the materiality of the cicada.
Cicadas live a life of drinking dew and entertaining themselves, which is the indifferent, noble and unconscionable character of cicadas (such as Yu Shinan's "Cicada" poem in the Tang Dynasty). What makes the writer sad is that who can understand this kind of sentiment at this moment?
The ice note is the white letterhead, which is the imagination of the lyricist from the light and transparent cicada wings of the cicada, which is a metaphor for the noble quality of the person. "Who sent the ice note", the lyricist's sigh expressed in the place where no one understood his own feelings.
In connection with the situation in which the lyricist himself is located, he is forced by the situation to serve as the Yuan Dynasty Qingyuan Road Xuezheng, but he immediately quit the job and returned to his hometown. What is contained in the words is what makes him sad and is not understood by his confidants and those around him.
The sound of cicadas is incessant, and the writer is full of sorrow, only to feel that the sound is desolate, so he wrote "desolate and tired ears". And the desolate word here is not only the sound of the cicada chirping, but also the inner testimonial of the lyricist.
Cicada wings
"Long and heavy brushing of the piano silk, afraid of finding the crown" is the meaning of the word to the next level of the concept, more tortuous, what is the relationship between the sound of the piano and the sound of cicadas? This is the strange tortuous association of the lyricist from the perspective of the cicada, according to the perceptual characteristics of the cicada. The literal meaning is not to play the cicada-catching piano again, and the implication is that they are not willing to repeat the crisis and perform official duties again.
The last two sentences of the first half are then transcribed to cicadas, and no matter how people feel, the sound of cicadas continues. In the shade of the deep palace-like green trees, in the short dream-like life, it is just constantly telling people about its suffering.
It is precisely because the cicadas, in their endless mourning, show the trepidation of the arrival of the cold autumn, the unencumberable sorrow. This makes the person in the word feel unbearable to hear anymore, and it will cause him to feel a strong feeling of shock. Here the lyricist responds again to the shocking word, this kind of writing expression of the pen and stroke reciprocating, tightly linked, is also the careful layout of the lyricist's words and sentences, and it is the atmosphere carefully created by the lyricist.
The song is finally exhausted, and the cosine is more exciting. The second half of the que begins with "the residual rainbow has exhausted the rain, and the late arrival is frequently intermittent, all of which are autumn meanings", these three sentences are intended to write about the autumn scenery and autumn meaning, and it is also the environment in which people and cicadas coexist. The rain is intermittent rain, at the turn of summer and autumn, the clouds are uncertain, and the rain does not dissipate until dusk. The sunset reflects a remnant of the sky obliquely, a gust of autumn rain, a burst of fallen leaves, and a chill. With the arrival of the night, the autumn mood of the people is silent, and the writing scene here by the writer is also very distinctive.
In terms of writing: the natural timing of the rainbow after the rain, the autumn rain and the autumn cold, and the late arrival is broken by the lyricist, and the rain is exhausted by the residual rainbow, and the late character is placed before the interruption, and the brush stroke jumps out, giving the scene a dynamic beauty. This constitutes a withered, cold autumn intention, which is indeed a model of instant narrative.
The next three sentences, "Sick leaves are difficult to stay, fibers are easy to grow old, and empty memories of the life of the oblique sun", are the lonely and bitter mood of the writer writing cicadas in this order change. Branches and leaves are the places where cicadas live and where cicadas support themselves, but their survival becomes a problem under the change of time and the combination of wind and rain. Once they lose this environment that shelters them, the day of zombie death is just around the corner.
The autumn cold is approaching, and the cicada can only reminisce in vain about the grand scene of the past, sigh at today's unbearable, and sing a mournful and poignant song for itself in the afterglow of the sunset. The words are full of helpless despair and deep nostalgia for the past, writing the unfortunate ending and eternal sorrow of the cicada, and also symbolizing the experience of the lyricist and the social environment in which he lives.
However, the writer seems to be unfinished at this point, and has made a deeper assumption. "The window is bright and broken" clearly writes the moon, but it is also a false point that dyes the scene of green trees and a poignant atmosphere. In the middle of the night, the moon is white, the green locust trees of the past, the shade of the sun has withered in the autumn wind and autumn rain, the moonlight has passed through the branches of the leaves, and the ground in front of the window has sifted a little broken and swaying light and shadow, and the withering of the trees also means the end of the life cycle of the cicadas.
The lyrics depict a bleak scene: silence all around, the cold and miserable aftersound of the cicadas has been heard, and in somewhere in the cold branches and dead leaves, there may be its shell.
The writer thus involuntarily speculates that this unfortunate little cicada, which is not understood by others, has a condition before its death that it is "jagged in the sideburns, and the soul is broken in the blue mirror." When the mourning cicada died, it must be like the woman who turned into a cicada with a grudge in the legend, facing the green mirror alone, and no one understands the unchanging discipline until death, and can only pray for the mirror to learn from it. Although life is over, the hatred is endless.
The words are painful, and it is not difficult to see the same situation between people and cicadas in the words, and once again the mentality of backlashing. Because the mentality of the lyricist at this time and the image of the cicada are the same, they all have the same hatred, so the lyricist can feel this kind of humanization into a cicada in the mourning of the cicada, and the cicada is like the pain of human death. The lyricist will be shocked to hear the cicada, triggering the same feelings as the fallen people in the end of the world.
The second half of the lyrics is completely the author's imaginary scene, but the lyricist grasps the unfortunate ending of the cicada, deeply portrays and describes, layer by layer, the pen is repeated, the feelings become more and more tragic, and the writing is really touching. The sense of the writer's life arises in the sound of cicadas, and fluctuates with the wailing of cicadas, and is closed with the sound of cicadas. The song is finally exhausted, and the breath is returned to the intestine.
From the perspective of the lyrics themselves, this song takes the cicada as the clue that runs through the whole word, takes the present as the foothold to develop the idea, and adopts the structure of vertical sectioning, using the method of writing the lyrical theme into the word, and the object of the chant - the cicada reciprocal feeling; the transformation of the description angle between the object and the self, the change of virtual and real changes, the staggered depiction, causing the cicada's image to jump out of the flow, expanding the meaning space of the lyric work, and deepening the description of the psychological level. The imagery of the cicada has a rich spatial artistic tension in the swaying and circling.
In the lyrics, it is precisely because the lyricist integrates the cicada with the natural time sequence, and the natural time sequence of the rise and fall of the human world and the natural time sequence of the withering and changing of nature; the mood of the cicada at the time of the change of the timing, the situation of the life cycle to the end, so that the lyrics have such a painful tragic power, which is the profound meaning contained in this song cicada.
Through the image of the cicada and the sense of life that the writer places in the image, we experience a strong sense of reality and a heavy sense of history.
<h1>summary</h1>
The sense of life and the worries of the homeland are the imagery of the objects in Wang Yisun's words, and also the expression of Wang Yi's Sun Yong's words. Like small creatures such as fireflies and cicadas, the imagery they contain makes the realm of words seem somber and profound.
Wang Yisun's lyrics are firstly due to his own sentimentality, the result of affection, and secondly, it is caused by the environment of the Song, Yuan, and Yi dynasties. His lyrics are very obscure, often using the image of things to express a hazy and vague sense of beauty, coupled with the dense text, lyrical and elegant, so the unfinished lack of beauty in his lyrics leaves a lot of room for imagination.
References for this article:
"Wang Yisun Ciji", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House
Long Yusheng's "Selected Words of Famous Tang and Song Dynasties" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House