Written by | Sueyl； Edit | Guo Guo
→ this is the 615th original article of Global Zero Carbon
The 10-day 2023 20th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition (Auto Shanghai 2023) concluded on April 27 at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai).
As the world's first A-class auto show this year, new energy vehicles have become the biggest highlight.
Among the more than 1,500 vehicles on display, new energy vehicles accounted for more than half. Not only the blessing of new forces in car manufacturing, but also traditional car companies and luxury car brand new energy vehicles are also coming strongly.
Some analysts and industry insiders believe that this year's Shanghai Auto Show marks the end of China's fuel vehicle era and the beginning of the electric vehicle era.
According to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 2023 Global Electric Vehicle Outlook report released on April 26, global electric vehicle sales exceeded 10 million last year, with China accounting for about 60% of the market.
However, the increase in electricity consumption and load brought about by the large-scale promotion of new energy vehicles has a profound impact on the power generation side, transmission side, distribution side, power supply side, and charging pile planning and layout. When a large number of electric vehicles are charged at the same time, it will put great pressure on the operation of the power grid.
How to use the energy storage function of electric vehicles to improve the efficiency of grid utilization by shaving peaks and filling valleys has also become a major issue in the industry.
Some people in the power industry pointed out that attention should be paid to the potential impact of the development of electric vehicles on the load of the power grid.
At the auto show, V2G (Vehicle-to-grid, referring to the interaction between vehicles and the grid) has also become the main concept promoted by many exhibitors: such as GAC AION's "fast power replenishment + V2G", Dongfeng Motor's V2G zero-carbon super station, etc.
V2G technology allows electric vehicles to interact with the grid in both directions. When the grid needs energy, electric vehicles can supply electricity to the grid through V2G systems, thus providing energy storage solutions for the grid. V2G technology can also manage the charging and discharging of electric vehicles through grid signals to reduce load peaks on the grid and balance the frequency and voltage of the power system.
Electric vehicles will become the distributed energy storage of the future and become part of the new power system, and the era of making money from car batteries may soon come.
01 Use existing electric vehicles to provide energy storage solutions
V2G is a technology that uses the unique distributed energy storage function of electric vehicles to interact with the power grid in both directions, which can build a dynamic and effective "new energy vehicle + grid" energy system, so as to achieve the efficient utilization of power energy and help achieve the "dual carbon" goal.
According to incomplete statistics on the V2G Hub website, there are currently 92 V2G pilot demonstration projects in 22 countries and regions, mainly concentrated in Europe and North America.
Some EV manufacturers and tech companies are also actively developing and promoting V2G technology. Among them, multinational car companies participate extensively, and Japanese car companies participate in the most. Mitsubishi, Renault, BMW and other car companies have also laid out.
At the 2023 Shanghai Auto Show, Dongfeng Motor displayed the V2G zero-carbon super station, which is a modern and intelligent new charging field integrating optical storage, charging and discharging, advanced charging technology and smart energy control.
It is understood that this V2G station has been put into use in the Wuhan Economic Development Zone. The docent of the Shanghai Auto Show told "Global Zero Carbon": The station has been connected to the power grid of Hubei Province, and when the power grid demand peaks, tram drivers can earn subsidies by discharging at the power station. "Some electric taxi drivers tend to park their cars at charging stations, and when they have a meal, they first discharge it at the trough of the grid, and then fully charge it, and they can get a certain income."
Shi Laifeng, manager of the new energy system development office of Dongfeng Technology Center, said that the station can not only meet the charging needs of Dongfeng Technology Center Park, but also equipped with a double-sided double-glass high-efficiency photovoltaic panel carport, with a photovoltaic installed capacity of 118 kilowatts and an annual power generation of 145,000 kWh; supporting a 215-kilowatt energy storage system, it is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 110 tons per year.
GAC AION has promoted V2G technology to private piles to realize the reverse output of private piles, allowing users to easily make money at home.
Users can make money by participating in the V2G plan by charging at a low price at night and discharging at a high price during the day, using the difference in the price of peak and valley electricity, assuming that according to a model of 70 degrees of electricity, a range of 600km, daily commuting of 30-60km, which only consumes 5-10 degrees of electricity, if the use of V2G technology to sell 50 degrees of electricity, each time the income is nearly 35 yuan, through 1,000 times of power replacement can earn 35,000 yuan, 2,000 times can earn 70,000 yuan.
Practitioners said that V2G technology may enable electric vehicles to surpass energy storage devices in the future, as it transforms electric vehicles from mere consumers to participants in the energy grid, providing more flexible and efficient energy management solutions for the energy system.
At the same time, the application of V2G technology can also provide more convenient and economical charging methods for electric vehicle users, making the cost of electric vehicles cheaper, thereby further improving the market competitiveness of electric vehicles.
02 On-board energy storage has great potential
Academician Ouyang Minggao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that in 2040, China's electric vehicle ownership will reach 300 million, and the average electricity of each vehicle will be greater than 65 kWh, and the on-board energy storage capacity will exceed 20 billion kWh, which is basically the same as China's total daily consumption.
According to the daily travel probability distribution, the ability of new energy vehicles to support the power grid reached 29~3.5 billion kilowatts, which was about half of the non-fossil installed capacity of the national power grid that year.
V2G will drive the shift of new energy vehicles from consumer goods to players in the energy revolution. Electric vehicles can be charged during low hours and reverse discharge to the grid during peak hours, building an energy system in which new energy vehicles interact with the power grid.
Since 2020, the state has issued a number of policies to promote the progress of V2G technology, among which the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" issued by the State Council and the "Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Guarantee Capacity of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure (Draft Opinions)" jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration clearly propose to support local V2G pilot work and promote V2G development.
At present, Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan and other places are actively exploring V2G pilots. However, the domestic standard system of V2G technology is not perfect enough, and it is necessary to further strengthen the formulation of standards and the promotion of norms.
Experts said that to promote the development of V2G technology, it is necessary to accelerate the reform of the power market. For example, for the ancillary service market, at this stage, it is still mainly planned, and vehicle-network collaboration is facing problems in grid-connected management (subject status, technical standards, engineering and management specifications), entry thresholds, and paid service scenarios.
V2G technology needs to work closely with the power grid, but the current management system of the domestic power grid is not mature enough, and it is necessary to further improve the dispatching management and technical support of the power grid.
In general, to promote the development of V2G technology, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in technology research and development, standard formulation, market promotion, etc., while strengthening policy support and industrial chain cooperation to promote the commercial application of V2G technology in China.
Zhu Gongshan, founder and chairman of GCL Group, said that electricity is the core, vehicles are carriers, and mobile energy storage is the future development direction. Through V2G technology and orderly charging technology, electric vehicles can be turned into controllable distributed energy storage, achieving a win-win situation between the ecological environment and economic value.
According to brokerage estimates, the V2G market space will be about 33.3 billion yuan in 2025 and will reach 105.2 billion yuan by 2030. In the face of the 100 billion-level market to be activated, major enterprises have explored the development and commercial application path of V2G technology, built a shared smart energy ecosystem, and helped the dual-carbon transformation in the transportation energy field.
With the continuous development and promotion of V2G technology, electric vehicles are expected to become an important part of the future energy system, surpassing traditional energy storage equipment. However, it should be noted that this requires intensified efforts in technology research and development, standard development, and marketing to ensure the safety, reliability and efficiency of V2G technology.
(For references, please refer to the public account Global Zero Carbon)
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