Pay attention and don't get lost! Learn more about farming together!
Sheep are infected with many parasites, and those that grow on the head are generally Hydatid and Schizocephalus. At present, the probability of infection with Schizocephalus is relatively low, so there are parasites in the sheep brain, which are basically hydatids.
<h1>1. Symptoms of onset</h1>
The disease is caused by the larvae of polycephaly polycystis, the brain polycephalic larvae, which parasitizes the brain of sheep, so it is also called hydatid disease and can also infect people. Sick sheep tend to tilt their heads to the parasitic side of the brain multicephalic larvae and make a circle movement to the affected side, so this disease is often called "cyclotra". When the worm parasitizes the anterior part of the brain, the sick sheep's head droops, and it rushes forward or does not move against the object. When parasitizing the back of the head, the head is lifted or leaned back, and the back movement is done or the ground cannot be sat. Parasitism in the cerebrospinal cord causes hindsothenia. Parasitism on the surface of the brain causes the skull to become thin and soft, locally raised, painful on palpation, and dull sounds on percussion. Sick sheep have decreased vision or even blindness.
Sheep multi-headed cysts often have domestic animals in the cerebral hemispheres who are depressed, begin to be drowsy, lethargic, and finally completely unconscious. Sick sheep always make circular movements in the direction of the cerebral hemispheres on the affected side, and the sporangia in a shallow position become soft, deformed, warmed, tender, and the feeling of knocking on the rubber during percussion is longer. It is often seen clinically that the ventricular hydrocephalus is caused by direct compression of the cerebral catheter and the fourth ventricle by the sporangia. Brain tissue compression of bone tissue may also cause osteomalacia, which should be distinguished.
Sheep multi-headed cysts, due to the different parts of the brain hemisphere, can develop the following specific symptoms.
1. When the sporangia are in the frontal lobe, the sheep look up, near the front of the line, some are easy to frighten, behave violently, and some are sluggish. There was no significant change in local and visual acuity.
2. When the sporangia are in the temporal lobe, the sheep generally rotates in circles to the affected side, the contralateral side is blind, the pupillary reflex disappears, and the papillary nerve is bruised.
3. When the sporangia are in the occipital lobe of the brain, dyskinesia occurs.
4. When the sporangia occur at the base of the brain, it is often accompanied by tonic spasms, which makes the sheep fall easily when accelerating the movement.
5. When the sporangia are in the cerebellum, there is an imbalance between rest and movement, and in severe cases, it cannot stand up, and the sick sheep often like to lie on the patient's side.
<h1>2. Drug treatment methods</h1>
Treatment: for early cases, praziquantel therapy can be tried at a dose of 50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for a course of treatment for 5 days, or propiethiazole can be taken internally at 30 mg per kilogram body weight once a day for 3 days. According to reports, the drug developed by the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences for the treatment of brain hydatids - "brain worm net" has a good effect. In advanced cases, surgical removal may be performed. (If only a small number of sheep get the disease, eat it directly.) If there are many sick sheep or all want to learn how to treat, see below)
<h1>3. Sheep multi-headed cyst (Echinococcus cerebroebaceae) removal</h1>
【Indications】
When polycephalics invade the sheep brain or cranial cavity, this procedure is performed for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment.
【Local Anatomy】
The cranial cavity of the sheep looks slightly rectangular from above, and its anatomical boundaries: the anterior boundary is connected to the two supraorbital foramen; the posterior boundary is the occipital crest; and the inner edge of the lateral boundary meridian angle (the horned nodule of the female animal) is backwards to the line of the temporal crest. The cranial cavity of sheep can be divided into the frontal, apical, temporal and occipital parts. Its surgical boundary, because the frontal sinus enters the cranial cavity, moves the surgical boundary to the posterior border of the two orbits, and the others are roughly the same as the anatomical boundaries. In addition to the thin ear muscles, the skull cap of the sheep is no longer muscular, so the frontal and top can be selected as surgical pathways for the brain.
The cranial cavity contains the brain, cerebellum, and on the sagittal line of the intracranial crest, there is a brain sickle attached to the sagittal crest, which contains longitudinal venous sinuses, and at the parietal bone level, there is a cerebellum attached to the transverse crest, containing transverse venous sinuses. Great care should be taken during surgery and should not be injured.
The dura mater is close to the inner surface of the skull cap, and the dura and periosteum are combined with each other, so there is a lack of upper space between the skull wall and the meningeal ductum. There is a subdural space between the dura mater and the meningeal spider membrane, filled with lymphatic fluid.
【Surgery】
Frontal lobe: After the surgical boundary, make a circular saw hole 3 to 5 mm from the midline.
Parietal lobe: Circular saw holes are made in the parietal bone 2 to 3 mm from the midline.
Temporal leaves: Circular saw holes along the temporal crest.
Occipital lobe: circular saw hole after the transverse sinus, 1.8 cm from the occipital crest, 3 mm from the midline.
Cerebellum: the straight front of the neck ligament attachment is a circular saw hole, and attention should be paid to the venous sinuses.
【Technique】
The flap incises the skin, peels off the subcutaneous tissue, peels off the subcutaneous tissue, separates the flap from the periosteum, and completely stops the bleeding. Periosteal cross incision, use a periosteal stripper to push the incised periosteum around, saw open the cranial cavity with a circular saw, and then gently clamp the dura mater with forceps, and then cut the dura mater in a cross shape with a pointed surgical knife. If the sporangia are located directly under the dura mater of the brain, the sporangia will come out on its own due to the pressure in the cavity, and then turn the sheep's head to the side, because the sporangia fluid flows, which can force the sporangia to come out. If it is still impossible, the wall of the sac can be clamped by toothless hemostats or forceps to do a twisting action, and part of the liquid can be aspirated with the pair of syringes to facilitate the spore sporangia to come out.
When the position of the multicephalic cyst is deep, the cerebral cortex should be destroyed, the needle (with a 10 cm rigid hose) avoids the meningeal blood vessels and pushes the sporangia in the expected direction, and aspirates with a syringe, when there is a liquid outflow, it can be proved that there is a sporangium, try to aspirate the cyst fluid, until part of the sac wall is sucked into the needle, gently pull the needle outward, and immediately clamp it with hemostatic forceps after seeing the spore sporangium wall, twist and pull until it is all pulled out, and the suction of the syringe cannot be relaxed for a moment. In the process of retrieving the sporangia, the sheep often have to struggle and must be effectively kept.
If the purpose cannot be achieved with a needle and a syringe, a small dissection forceps can be used to pinch out the sporangia along the edge of the probe hole.
After the sporangia are removed, the brain wound is dried with sterilized gauze. Cover the circular saw hole with a periosteal flap and suture the skin nodules. Sprinkle with anti-inflammatory powder and attach a bandage.
【Postoperative care】
Clinical experience, sporangia in the brain part, as long as the brain tissue damage is not serious, generally can be recovered. After the cerebellum, it is generally impossible to stand and must lie down for 3 to 7 days, so the sheep with cerebellar surgery should be carefully cared for.
To prevent complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, etc., antibiotics are used in addition to paying attention to sterile procedures during surgery.
For more farming content, please pay attention to the other articles in this number, if this article is helpful to you, please