Foreword: This paper mainly focuses on historical research, combines picture materials and literary materials, introduces the development process of sculpture art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th century, analyzes the development trend from the aspects of materials, forms, techniques and contents, studies the characteristics of sculpture art in Bangladesh, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of sculpture art.
I. The Historical Evolution of Sculpture Art in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi carving art can be traced back to the early 14th century, when in the inauguration of the Islamic temple temple temple in Bangladesh, carving art was developed, from the classical Islamic carving art at that time, you can see many forms of carving techniques, such as fine inlay, relief and rubbing, etc., their creative style shows religious atmosphere, exquisite and delicate decorative skills, but also shows a sense of space openness.
With the development of the times, the art of carving in Bangladesh also evolved, and in the 15th century there were carvings with religious mythology, such as "Radab Mar Masin Khan", and carvings on beasts and natural scenes, such as "Tal Yi".
In the 16th century, Bangladeshi carving art also began to be influenced by Western culture, and carvings with religious themes appeared, such as "Radhab Morosni".
In the 17th century, with the development of Bangladeshi culture, Bengali carving art was further developed, carving techniques were further developed, and the works became more refined, showing the artist's in-depth depiction of mythology, religion, beasts and natural scenes, showing their love and appreciation for Bangladeshi culture.
From the classical Islamic carving art of the early 14th century to the heyday of the 17th century, the art of carving in Bangladesh continued to develop, techniques were further developed, and carvings became more refined, reflecting the unique religious atmosphere and cultural atmosphere of Bangladeshi culture.
Second, the application of carving art in architecture
In Bangladesh in the 14th-17th centuries, the art of carving developed rapidly and its application in architecture also played an important role. Sculpture is an art form that runs through all cultures and can decorate architecture as well as architectural design.
The art of architectural carving in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries, influenced by Islamic religion and national culture, shows many unique characteristics. It shows a colorful visual effect in a delicate and detailed and colorful way, making the architectural space more interesting and rich.
In the Jerusalem temples of contemporary Bangladesh, carving techniques can be seen, and magnificent inscriptions can be seen on the outer walls, showing the characteristics of Islamic religion. In most of the country's ancient palaces and temples, you can also see the exquisite carvings on the walls, which are an effective way to express the emotions and wishes of the artist, and are an important decorative element in ancient architecture.
In contemporary Bangladesh, the application of carving art in architecture is very common, and traces of carving can be seen in residential buildings, public buildings and other buildings, and even perforated carvings can be seen, making the architecture more interesting. In addition, the art of carving can be used to embellish furniture and other interior items to make it full of moving artistic atmosphere.
The application of carving art in architecture in the 14th-17th centuries in Bangladesh has been widely used, showing a refreshing beauty to the architecture and enriching the decorative effect of the architectural space. It not only enriches the decoration of the building, but also shows the ancient historical inheritance and cultural essence to the world, showing the extraordinary wonderfulness of ancient civilization.
3. Different types and characteristics of carving art
There are many types of carving art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries, which can be divided from four main types: religious image carving, rubbing, clay sculpture carving, and practical carving.
Religious image carving is the most important type in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries, it is particularly influenced by the many religious beliefs (such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam) in Bangladesh at that time, a large number of religious image sculptures were made and used in religious ceremonies and celebrations, such as stone carved Buddha statues and saints, as well as Buddhist sutra propaganda seals.
Rubbing is another important type of carving, it is also influenced by religious beliefs, but compared with religious image carving, rubbing carving more expresses local culture and history, mostly expressed in the form of traditional Indian literature, such as classical poetry, mythological stories, etc.
Clay sculpture is an earlier form of carving in Bangladesh, which is mainly based on stucco, imitation of animals and flowers in daily life, such as mythical figures on washed stones, Buddha statues, sheep's head seals, etc.
Practical carving is the most common type of carving in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries, and its content involves the decoration of furniture, the decoration of utensils, the decoration of buildings, etc., and is also the most popular type of carving.
The carving art of Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th century, mainly including religious image carving, rubbing, clay sculpture carving and practical carving, these carving types have their own unique characteristics from style to content, they reflect the religious and cultural characteristics of Bangladesh at that time, and are unique cultural symbols of Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th century.
Fourth, the technique, material and style of carving art
The development and characteristics of carving art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries are marked by techniques, materials and styles.
(1) There are various carving art techniques in Bangladesh, including cut carving, plastic body carving, relief carving, copper inlay and so on.
(2) The carving art of Bengal is also rich in materials, including jade, bronze, fine iron, brass, bronze, light copper and so on.
(3) The style of carving art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries is also diverse, which can be roughly divided into religious carving, pattern carving and plant carving.
Religious carving is one of the most common styles in Bangladeshi carving art, mainly manifested in Buddha statues, Buddhist temples, Buddhist halls, etc., most of them imitate the Indian style, with smooth and round, quite spiritual characteristics.
Pattern carving is also a major feature of Bangladeshi carving art, mostly based on patterns, Buddhist scriptures, gods, etc., showing the beauty of colorful, delicate texture and smooth form. Plant carving is a major feature of Bangladeshi carving art, based on the form of grass, trees and flowers, and expanded into characters in mythological stories, with the characteristics of virtual reality and changeable and flexible.
Through the above analysis, it can be found that the art techniques, materials and styles of carving in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th century are very diverse, which not only express their own characteristics in form, but also are influenced by Indian culture, making their beauty and aesthetic level significantly improved.
Bengali carving art has been recognized by society for its unique techniques, materials and styles, and is of great significance to the development of today's culture and art.
5. The social significance and cultural value of carving art
The development and characteristics of sculpture art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th century, the social significance and cultural value of sculpture art have important guiding significance, and have been widely disseminated.
The art of carving has a long history, dating back to the 14th to 17th centuries, and the customs, religious culture, etc. unique to Bangladesh also had a great influence during this period.
In the 14th and 17th centuries, the art of sculpture in Bangladesh developed tremendously, and sculptors created a large number of works of art, showcasing the unique cultural style of Bangladesh, and their artistic achievements were loved and included in the literature.
The art of sculpture plays an important role in the preservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and also provides unlimited possibilities for cultural inheritance, development and dissemination. The carved art works not only carry the long history of Bangladesh, reflect the social and religious culture of Bangladesh, but also reflect the mood, aesthetic taste and aesthetic views of the local people, as well as the unique artistic spirit of Bangladesh.
The art of carving can also enrich the local cultural landscape, and the participation of art can stimulate the enthusiasm of local people, drive local economic development, provide more employment opportunities for local people, and promote local cultural exchanges and interactions.
At the same time, the art of carving is also a skill, which can perfectly combine traditional culture and art, show the local cultural characteristics in a unique art form, and let people feel the unique charm of Bangladesh.
The social significance and cultural value of sculpture art in Bangladesh from the 14th to the 17th centuries is important. The art of carving plays a vital role in protecting intangible cultural heritage, inheriting national cultural characteristics, stimulating local economic development and improving the quality of local people, which is a unique cultural characteristic of Bangladesh and the key to Bangladesh's cultural development.
6. The author thinks
A new style of sculpting art emerged in Bangladesh between the 14th and 17th centuries, characterized by a fusion of northern and southern India, Muslim and Hindu cultures, and features of indigenous religions and theology. This new artistic style expresses a pluralistic aesthetic that incorporates the cultural elements of many civilizations, thus enriching the expression of Bangladeshi carving art.
Above all, Bangladeshi carving art has unique painting and engraving techniques for creating sculptures with diverse themes. It has both primitive and mysterious images and sculptures with religious symbolic significance, expressing the religious ideas of the time. The art of sculpture in Bangladesh also shows a spirit of fusion in form, mixing elements of traditional Muslim art and Hindu theology, thus forming a pluralistic aesthetic system.
VII. References:
Ma Liu (2016) The Art of Sculpting in Bangladesh; Yang (2018) The Art of Medieval Painting in Bangladesh.
Jin Yan (2015) Ancient Carvings in Bangladesh.