2022 Henan Provincial Examination Preparation: Knowledge Point Analysis of Graphical Reasoning
As we all know, graphic reasoning is the top priority in the preparation of the test, for the Henan Provincial Examination, graphic reasoning is generally based on 10 questions, but combined with the situation of the questions, it will occasionally be 5 questions (such as 2021). Looking at the graphic reasoning questions in recent years, we will find that the examination questions in Henan Province are still mainly conventional questions, so if the candidates can master the rules of the common examination in graphic reasoning, they will have a multiplier effect on answering such questions with half the effort.
From the above table of test point distribution, we will find that Henan's graphical reasoning is mainly to investigate the five major contents of position law, style law, quantity law, attribute law and three-dimensional graphics, of which the quantity law and attribute law must be examined every year, and the more difficult topics are generally concentrated in these two laws, and the position law will be concentrated in a large number of years. So next we will briefly introduce the situation of these three laws.
First, the law of quantity
The quantitative law is mainly to investigate the number of points, lines, angles, surfaces and elements of the graph, of which the two laws of surfaces and elements are the focus of the investigation, mainly involving the number of surfaces, the shape of the surface, the number of elements and the operation of elements.
【Example 1】 (2021 Henan) From the four options given, select the most suitable one to fill in the question mark to make it appear regular:
【Answer】B [Analysis] The closed surface characteristics of the observed graph are very obvious, and for such problems with obvious closed space, we give priority to the number of faces. In the first two rows, the sum of the number of faces in Figures 1 and 2 is equal to the number of faces in Figure 3, the third line follows this law, and option B conforms to the law.
【Example 2】(2020 Henan) From the four options given, select the most suitable one to fill in the question mark to make it appear regular:
【Answer】B [Analysis] Observation found that the number of black and white elements in the graphic is relatively large, for the problem of a relatively large number of elements, we give priority to the number of elements. The sum of the number of black dots in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is the number of black dots in Figure 3, and the addition of white dots is the number of white dots in Figure 3; the number of black dots in Figure 2 and Figure 3 is the number of black dots in Figure 4, and the addition of white dots is the number of white dots in Figure 4. The number of black dots is 4, the number of white dots is 8, and option B conforms to the law.
Second, the law of attribute classes
The attribute laws of the graph include symmetry, straightness, and closure, these three attributes are the focus of our preparation, of which the symmetry test method will be more diverse, including the symmetry type of the figure (including central symmetry, axis symmetry, both central symmetry and axis symmetry), the number of symmetry axes, directions and the relationship between the symmetry axis and the points, lines, surfaces of the graph, etc., so candidates should be familiar with the various examination methods of this kind of law.
[Example 3] Divide the following six graphs into two categories, so that each type of graph has its own common features or laws, and the correct classification is:
A. ①③⑥，②④⑤ B. ①②⑤，③④⑥
C. (1)(4)(5),(2)(3)(6) D. (1)(4)(6),(2)(3)(5)
【Answer】 C [Analysis] In the title, there are two typical central symmetrical figures of S and parallelograms, then we can prioritize grouping from the law of symmetry, (1) (4) (5) are central symmetrical figures, (2) (3) (6) are axisymmetric graphs, select the C option.
For symmetry, candidates can specifically remember some typical central symmetry figures (such as the letters S, N, Z, and parallelograms), and typical axisymmetric graphs (such as equilateral triangles), which is very useful for judging the law of symmetry.
Third, the law of position
The position law of the graph includes dynamic position and static position, where the dynamic position mainly investigates the position changes of some elements in the graph, including translation, rotation and flipping; the static position mainly examines the structural relationship between two or more figures, including intersection, tangency, internal and external relationships. In the exam, the focus is mainly on dynamic position.
【Example 4】(2020 Henan) From the four options given, select the most suitable one to fill in the question mark and make it appear regular:
【Answer】D【Analysis】From the question, it can be clearly seen that the position of the internal graphics has been changing, and the dynamic position is given priority. The inner squares are in the right, upper, left, and lower positions of the circle in turn, and according to the counterclockwise change law, the next square should appear on the right side of the circle, and only D meets. Of course, in this question, we can also see that the intersection point of the triangle and the square also has a law, and the number of intersection points is the equal difference law of 0, 1, 2, and 3, according to this law, the answer is also D.
In short, the proficiency of graphic reasoning is by no means a short time can be completed, and candidates need to summarize more in a sufficient preparation cycle, take the real title of the national and provincial examinations, practice diligently, grasp the propositional people's ideas, and summarize the test points and question types of the rules of the common examination. Finally, I hope that our analysis and suggestions can provide some help for everyone's preparation for the exam, and I also wish all the candidates to achieve satisfactory results.
Original link: Huatu Education https://ha.huatu.com/2021/0608/2135762.html