Some time ago, Zibo barbecue exploded in the circle on Douyin. A few days ago, the cultural relics "Kitchen Picture" unearthed by the Linyi City Museum in Shandong Province rushed to the hot search with the topic of barbecue. Barbecue, for more than 2,000 years, has conquered the hearts of countless Chinese foodies, Qin Shi Huang Huan Zheng, Han Gao ancestor Liu Bang, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, are its iron fans...
The cultural relics unearthed by the Linyi City Museum in Shandong Province, the Wulibao Han Portrait Stone "Kitchen Picture", depict for us the scene of the aristocracy of Shandong more than 2,000 years ago. Except that there is no cold beer, cumin peppers, and modern skewers.
Left hand skewers, right hand fan, isn't this a barbecue buffet?
The two of them sat opposite each other and grilled skewers, like three or five friends chatting on skewers today
The origin of human barbecue, it is currently generally believed that it originated from an accident, lightning slashed a mountain fire, primitive people ate roasted small animals, "Hey, the taste is good~", since then, the door to a new world has been opened.
In Paleolithic sites, many animal bones have been found; Neolithic ruins, and even terracotta barbecue grills have been unearthed.
During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there were records of serving distinguished guests with skewers (barbecued meat) in the Central Plains, and similar scenes and stories are mentioned in many places in the Book of Poetry.
There is a rabbit head, a cannon burnt ... There is a rabbit head, burnt burnt...——"The Book of Poetry, Xiaoya, Gourd Leaf"
The eagle is in the woods, and the male corpse comes to stop smoking. The wine is exciting, and the burnt is fenfen. - "The Book of Poetry, Daya, and the Eagle"
Hold on to the hesitation, for the trick Kong Shuo. Or burnt or burnt, monarch Momo. - "The Book of Poetry Xiaoya Chutz"
The ancient book "Han Feizi" records a skewer experience of Duke Wen of Jin: he was eating skewers with great interest, and suddenly found that there was a hair on a skewer, it seems that food safety hazards, noble princes, can not avoid.
Duke Wen of Jin
Duke Wen of Jin ordered people to find this cook, and the cook quickly confessed his guilt and said: I was wrong, I didn't cut this hair when I cut the meat, I didn't find this hair when I skewered the meat, and I didn't burn this hair when I grilled the skewer until the meat was cooked!
Jin Wengong keenly perceived that this was someone who wanted to kill with a knife, murder the cook, and immediately ordered people to screen everyone who handled the skewers, and finally beheaded the initiator, which is the allusion to "Zaichen (cook) on the burn", which means that people need to see the essence through the phenomenon.
"Mencius Dedication to the Heart" records the veteran foodie Mencius's love for barbecue:
Mencius's student: Teacher, may I ask which is more delicious, kuanxiang (grilled skewers) or jujube (a plant fruit)?
Mencius: Do you still need to ask? Grilled skewers, of course!
Qin Shi Huang, as the founder of China's feudal dynasty, often ate some skewers to relieve his hunger.
Qin Shi Huang
During the Qin Dynasty, meat was roasted directly on the fire, called roasting; The meat is skewered into skewers and then grilled, which is called searing; Wrap the meat in mud and put it on the fire to roast, called pan (pao), Qin Shi Huang's favorite to eat braised porpoise, braised sheep, that is, roasted whole pig, roasted whole sheep, but the method is a bit similar to the later called flower chicken: clay wrapped in roasted, after cleaning the internal organs of pigs and sheep, filled with dates, etc., wrapped in clay and roasted, when it is almost ripe, coated with a layer of rice paste, fried, dipped in sauce to eat, dipping the ingredients of the sauce, mainly salt, peppercorns, green onions, ginger, etc.
Now we can't eat the necessary cumin and chili noodles for skewers, which Qin Shi Huang can't eat, cumin was introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty, and chili peppers came from the Americas at the end of the Ming Dynasty. From this point of view, in fact, we are happier than Qin Shi Huang~
Xiang Yu entertained Liu Bang's Hongmen banquet, the main course was barbecue, and the hardest dish, called "shoulder bunch", in human terms, was roasted pork elbow.
Hongmen Banquet
(Fan) Boom immediately took the sword and embraced the shield into the military gate. The Guardian of the Halberd can't stop it... (Fan He) stood in the west, staring at King Xiang, his hair was pointing up, and his eyes were cracked. King Xiang pressed his sword and said, "What is the guest?" Zhang Liangyu: "Pei Gongzhi participates in Fan Qiu." Xiang Wang said: "Strong man, give wine." "Then with the fight. Bow bye, get up, stand and drink. Xiang Wang said: "Give the shoulders." - "Shiji Xiangyu Benki"
"Xijing Miscellaneous" recorded: Liu Bang, when he was the head of the Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, he escorted prisoners to serve in Lishan, and someone gave him a pot of wine, roasted deer belly, and beef liver. That is to say, after he became emperor, he still often roasted deer belly, beef liver, and drank wine to enjoy. (Heavy visceral lovers +1~)
Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous general Guan Yu was also a diehard fan of barbecue, and Guan Yu was often wounded by swords and arrows on the battlefield. When healing his injuries, Guan Yu was reluctant to put down the skewer in his hand, a sip of skewers, a sip of wine, scars and pain to stand aside.
Guan yu
(Guan) The blood of the feather arm flowed away, and the feather cut drank and laughed freely. ——"Three Kingdoms Zhi Shushu Guan Yu Biography"
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is a diehard fan of barbecue, and he often goes to Prime Minister Zhao Pu's house to rub skewers and eat, even if the wind and snow are mixed, it is no exception. One night, it was snowing heavily, and Zhao Kuangyin, who had not eaten after work, walked around and went to Zhao Pu's house to rub rice.
I suspect that there was an institution similar to Jinyiwei in the Song Dynasty, otherwise, why did Zhao Pu happen to eat barbecue at home almost every time Zhao Kuangyin went to rub rice? [Cover face]
Zhao Kuangyin went to rub the rice by himself, and asked his younger brother Zhao Guangyi (who was the King of Jin at the time) to rub together, really, self-cooked. Moreover, he rarely greets in advance, and always engages in surprise attacks, is he afraid that if he says it in advance, Zhao Pu will eat white porridge pickles instead?
"Taizu has been a meritorious family for a few years, and every time he retreats from the dynasty, he does not dare to wear clothes. One day, heavy snow asked the night, and the Puyi Emperor did not come out. For a long time, hearing the sound of knocking on the door, Pu rushed out, and in the wind and snow of the emperor, Pu was afraid to worship, and the emperor said: 'I have made an appointment with the king of Jin. 'Emperor Taizong has arrived, and he has set up a heavy crotch to sit in the hall, burn charcoal and roast meat, and pour his wife to drink, and the emperor calls his sister-in-law. - "Song Shi Zhao Puben Biography"
Ming Dynasty painter Liu Jun "Visiting Putu on a Snowy Night" (partial)
During the Tang and Song dynasties, skewers and roasted meat gradually entered the people from the emperors, and the famous frontier poet Cen Shen of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his poem: "Cook wild camels with ploughing oxen, and return the river wine to Balo." ”。
"Chang'an Twelve Hours" once mentioned barbecue
"Tokyo Menghualu" records that in the streets of Tokyo in winter, there is an Internet celebrity snack - "spinning pork skin meat", in addition, the daily evening market is even "hot cooked food". The people of the Song Dynasty already have the experience of skewering late at night! In addition, Xin Qiqiao's poem "Eight hundred miles under the sea", in which "burning" refers to barbecue.
The Yuan Dynasty, not to mention, from the royal family to the military generals of the Wen Chen, the ancestors have lived by eating barbecue for generations ...
"History of the Ming Palace, Good Diet" records that the Ming Dynasty royal family, the most love of barbecue, every winter snow, in the Forbidden City, the royal family, the prince princess and a group of concubines, the most like to stay in the house, while watching plum blossoms (or snow), while drinking on skewers, very comfortable.
As a feudal dynasty established by ethnic minorities, the Qing Dynasty naturally loved barbecue. There are two famous long-established barbecue restaurants in Beijing, namely: "Barbecue Wan", founded in the 25th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and the founding store is located on Xuanwumen Inner Street; Founded in the 28th year of Daoguang, focusing on the "barbecue season" of roasted mutton, the founding store is located in the north of Shichahai, Beijing is known as the "South Wan North Season", the two stores, more than 300 years ago.
In the late sunny period, Cixi also favors barbecue, she not only loves to eat, but also likes the innovation and research and development of dishes, such as: Fulu Shou Kao barbecue, Fu is chicken, Lu is venison, Shou is fat sheep, Kao is white fish fillet, charcoal fire, designated silver silk red charcoal in the western mountains of Beijing suburbs, I have to say, the old lady will really enjoy wow~
Empress Dowager Cixi
Nowadays, we like to meet up with friends, skewers, drink, and talk, maybe inherited from our ancestors. The human smoke represented by skewers and barbecued meat may have been engraved into the DNA of Chinese long ago!
Barbecue is the food that best reflects the fireworks of the world
I am a mediocre master's degree in history, a veteran (not) history buff. Follow me to dig for you behind the obscure and complicated ancient historical materials, so the anecdotes in the pile of paper.