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Throughout history, the descendants of the dynasty and the royal family of the dynasty have either been slaughtered, or lived miserably, or lived their lives incognito, and have hardly been given preferential treatment.
The fate of the descendants of the Qing dynasty was different.
On February 12, 1912, Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was forced to abdicate, ending more than 2,000 years of feudal dynasty in China.
For the question of the whereabouts of the royal family, the Beiyang government is still relatively "benevolent and righteous", and did not let these people disappear from the world, perhaps because of Yuan Shikai, or it may be related to the invasion of foreign enemies.
In any case, a large number of descendants of the Qing imperial family still chose to leave Beijing and go away. They live their lives in different places.
According to the regulations of the Beiyang government at that time, in addition to being exempt from military service, members of the royal family no longer enjoyed any state-level treatment, nor did they hold any public power, no different from ordinary people.
If there is any difference in their lives, it is that when these descendants of the imperial family left Beijing, they took part of their family property with them, and the Beiyang government recognized and protected their private property.
After the founding of New China, after experiencing turbulent years, many descendants began to truly become commoners.
It can be seen from the change of their surnames, such as Aisin Kyoro changing his surname to Jin.
At present, some Singaporeans born in New China have begun to consider themselves "descendants of the Qing Dynasty royal family".
What's going on? Specifically, we have to start with the preferential treatment of the descendants of the Qing royal family in the Republic of China.
The Qing royal family and nobles were given preferential treatment
As we all know, the last emperor Puyi, whether he was a puppet emperor in Manchukuo or participated in the labor reform of New China, all his experiences have been recorded in detail.
After the rest of the royal family changed dynasties, although their lives were not recorded in detail, they still had certain guarantees.
Mainly because after Yuan Shikai came to power, he issued the Regulations on Preferential Treatment of the Imperial Family.
According to this regulation, the Beiyang government will give Puyi 4 million silver yuan a year as living expenses. Members of the royal family and their descendants are also not required to pay taxes to the government.
As for why Yuan Shikai treated the royal family favorably, was it out of Yuan Shikai's personal feelings or to gain a good reputation.
Or to obtain the support of royal descendants for restoration, which should be a superposition of various factors.
It is undeniable that Yuan Shikai had feelings for the Qing dynasty, and he had a certain loyalty to the Qing court.
Although the ordinance was criticized, it did play a role in ensuring that the royal family had a safe life.
However, given that there were many descendants of the Qing court royal family at that time, it could not be fully covered, and those who failed to benefit had some complaints in their hearts, which was normal.
How well were the members of the Qing imperial family treated at that time?
According to the Qing History Manuscript, they were paid according to the head.
Regardless of adults or children, if there are a few people in the family, they will receive the salary of a few people.
To put it bluntly, the Beiyang government pays to support these people. Because of this, they desperately gave birth to children when they had nothing to do, resulting in the royal family members being "less and less valuable" later.
At that time, someone joked, "Throw a stone in Beijing and hit a descendant of Qianlong." ”
This sentence has an exaggerated element, but it also shows from the side that there are many descendants of the Qing imperial family.
In later demographics, the population that could be counted as members of the Qing imperial family was once close to 200,000.
Perhaps this also caused the current society, in the process of promoting traditional cultural inheritance, some people with the surname Aisin Gioro jumped out to "bear" the so-called clan responsibility.
With the warlord fighting, by October 1924, the Republic of China no longer recognized the Qing court as a member of the imperial family.
The regulations enacted during the Yuan Shikai era were also abolished, and with it the abolition of subsidies.
This has led to their lives being in trouble.
Some people's "family base" is relatively thick and can support life.
Some wanted and were able to fend for themselves, especially some idle aristocrats with skills, who held positions in the ranks of various warlords.
Some people with lofty ideals have begun to work in education, and most of them still rely on connections to find positions in government departments.
Judging by the treatment of the civil service of the Republic of China, they lived well.
According to the Qing History Manuscript, more than 70% of the police officers in Beijing at that time were Manchus, and the children of the royal family accounted for a relatively high proportion.
Some descendants sat on the mountain or sold their fortunes to survive, and they eventually lived ordinary lives. A very small number of people defected to Japan, became traitors in the war of aggression against China, and did all kinds of bad things.
Qianlong's descendants began to make strange?
To be honest, when Xincheng China was founded, many children of the Qing Dynasty nobles were very knowledgeable and cultivated under the guidance of their families, especially after the country opened up to the outside world, they regained their more interested fields.
Among them are people engaged in cultural relics identification, archaeology, calligraphy and other industries, and many of them, especially in the field of calligraphy and painting, have emerged many famous artists.
For example, Mr. Qi Gong has contributed to the modernization of the mainland in the fields of education and calligraphy. For his identity, this is an officially certified and reliable descendant of the younger brother of the Yongzheng Emperor Hongday.
No matter how high their status is, they are all low-key and down-to-earth.
However, some people who could not be verified and were not officially certified and claimed to be descendants of Qianlong began to pursue fame and profit by virtue of their identity.
For example, the president of the Jilin City Manchu Friendship Association, Aixin Juelo Hengshao, whose Han name is Sun Hengshao, claims to be Puyi's own son and Qianlong's seventh grandson.
Due to his family's good conditions, he began to receive traditional education and Manchu culture from an early age.
He has been interested in Qing dynasty culture since he was a child.
Perhaps out of a sense of mission and identity responsibility, he wrote the "Collection of Secret Recipes of the Court of Aisin Kyoro Hengshaozang" by consulting historical materials, visiting and researching.
He also promoted Manchu culture by giving lectures and setting up social organizations. Later, his enthusiasm for Qing culture reached the level of obsession.
For example, he would be at home with his family, wearing Qing Dynasty costumes, and the home would be arranged in accordance with the regulations of the Qing Dynasty nobility, and the guests would be received in accordance with Qing Dynasty etiquette.
Whether these so-called Qing dynasty "etiquette, living habits" and so on are authentic or not, ordinary people cannot make a judgment.
After all, it is people who advocate this lifestyle in their own homes and their circle of friends, which is not harmful to others and society, and professionals fail to participate and cannot give pertinent evaluations.
The social organization that was originally established was unofficial, and what he did in terms of cultural inheritance was also promoted and supported by the state.
Judging from Sun Hengshao's obsession, if he can continue to follow this line of thought, he may really be able to achieve some achievements in folk research in this field.
However, things never "take course" to follow the expected trajectory.
As Sun Hengshao's fame grew, he established relevant social organizations.
After the systematic promotion of Qing dynasty culture, especially the Qing dynasty ancestor worship activities, the person's actions "changed".
At the beginning, according to the historical records, the participants were dressed in the traditional costumes of the Qing Dynasty royal family and worshipped their ancestors in the family cemetery.
Because the Qing Dynasty followed Confucianism, the kings also paid special attention to the system of etiquette.
This is an important tool for maintaining social order and feudal rule, and it is its existence that divides people into three, six and nine.
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty in China, and it can be said that it was the culmination of the feudal etiquette system, and the "Great Qing Tongli" and "Imperial Etiquette Diagram" all have detailed provisions on the Qing Dynasty etiquette system.
The requirements of the sacrificial system are even stricter, and as the most noble king, he also needs to kneel three times and nine times when sacrificing his ancestors. Among them, the monarch's mausoleum ceremony is even more cumbersome and complicated.
Although Sun Hengshao cannot fully display the royal ancestor worship etiquette, his solid family situation can still support him to complete the simplified royal ancestor worship process. For example, a visit to the shrine.
According to Sun Hengshao, this is part of showing the royal culture of the Qing Dynasty to the world, and through the live demonstration, people can better understand and understand the Qing Dynasty royal ancestor worship etiquette.
This was originally a good thing, probably in the process of participation, he enjoyed the "superiority" of being bowed down, and his ambition began to swell, and he was more and more dissatisfied with the demonstration of ancestor worship in a small area.
Once he also put on his hand the jade wrench that was handed down from his family and said to have been worn by Qianlong, dressed in dragon robes, and organized more than 100 people, including "palace maidens" and "hundred officials", to publicly worship the ancestors.
In the process, he also recreated the scene of hundreds of officials meeting each other, talked about the feelings of participation in front of the media, and invited more people to participate.
At that time, appraisal experts also confirmed that his jade wrench was a genuine king wrench, worth about 100 million yuan, and belonged to the family inheritance.
Because those who know the aristocratic culture of the Qing Dynasty know that the aristocracy at that time was very strict in the education of their children in the family, one of which was to be low-key and do things steadfastly.
Sun Hengshao's approach went against the purpose of education for the Qing aristocracy.
After he publicly carried out similar activities on a large scale, it was discovered that he wanted to accumulate fame and profit for himself through media promotion.
This made people who really wanted to inherit the culture of the Qing Dynasty begin to disgust and stay away from him.
Inheritance of traditional culture should be moderate
Excellent traditional culture has become an important part of the spirit of the Chinese nation and needs to be publicized and inherited, but the Sun Hengshao incident reminds people that the inheritance of excellent traditional culture should choose the right path.
Whether it is the culture of the Qing Dynasty or other excellent Chinese culture, after years of development, it carries profound historical and cultural connotations and records the changes of historical and cultural years.
What future generations hope is to learn and carry forward these excellent traditional cultures more, feel their unique cultural value, and enhance their sense of identity with national culture from the bottom of their hearts.
Based on this, in the process of inheritance, in addition to the dissemination and teaching of basic content, non-governmental organizations and individuals need to let the audience understand the heritage of culture and feel the value of culture.
Communication and display forms can be diversified, but the most important thing is that the communicator and inheritor need to dig, study and elaborate the essence and characteristics of the culture in the field of concern.
Such as the eclectic characteristics of Qing dynasty culture. After it entered the customs in the Qing Dynasty, it began to pay attention to absorbing and accepting Confucian culture in large quantities, and forged a Manchu culture with its own characteristics.
Due to the high economic and cultural development of the Qing Dynasty, its tolerance and annexation affected the Republic of China and even New China, and became the eternal driving force for the development of future generations.
Qing Dynasty culture also included the spirit of pioneering courage.
The Manchus were originally a people on horseback, and their bravery, hard work and pioneering spirit made the Qing Dynasty occupy a place in the world.
Forming research groups, organizing forums and conferences, and conducting royal ancestor worship demonstrations, etc., as long as it can provide a platform for people from different regions and countries to carry out Qing Dynasty cultural exchanges, promote the mutual communication between Qing Dynasty culture and other cultures, and enhance its dissemination power and international influence, these are all good communication channels.
What people need to clarify is what content, not form, should be conveyed to the audience in the process of spreading and inheriting excellent culture.
epilogue
In fact, Sun Hengshao's approach is remarkable.
He was obsessed with Qing culture and regarded himself as a descendant of the Qing royal family, although his identity is inconclusive, as long as he does not act that endangers the country and society, people should not criticize him.
But in the name of inheriting the culture of the Qing Dynasty, he made a name for himself and fortune, which is despicable.
Therefore, in the process of inheriting excellent traditional culture, the first thing for people is to establish a sense of inheritance. Clarify what the "core values" of the culture to be transmitted and passed on are.
Secondly, communicators also need to integrate the culture into their own thinking and behavior, and organically integrate the core of the culture with the local reality, so that it can be deeply rooted in everyone's heart.
The inheritance of culture does not happen overnight, and requires the joint efforts of the government, the people, the media and other parties to jointly undertake the mission of excellent cultural inheritance through different ways and channels.