The poet introduced today is the famous poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, known as Shixian. Today I will mainly introduce the basic situation of the poet Li Bai and the life of the characters.
Basic information:
Li Bai (February 8, 701 – December 762), courtesy name Taibai, was a Qinglian scholar and also known as "Immortal". He was a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and was praised as a "poetry immortal" by later generations. Together with Du Fu, he was called "Li Du", and in order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai were also collectively called "Great Li Du". He is hearty and generous, loves to drink and write poetry, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai has "Li Taibai Collection" handed down, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk, and his representative works include "Wanglushan Waterfall", "Difficulty in Traveling", "Difficulty in Shu Road", "Will Enter Wine", "Liang Fuyin", "Early White Emperor City" and many others.
Li Bai's lyrics have been written by the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's "Xiangshan Yelu" volume), and in terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai Zhi" enjoys an extremely high status.
Character biographies:
Early genius
In the first year of Chang'an (701), Li Baisheng was born. The words are too white. The place of its birth is not yet certain. However, it is generally believed that Changlong (later changed to Changming) in Mianzhou (Basi County) in southern Tangjian Province is his hometown. His family lineage and family are unknown. According to the New Book of Tang, Li Bai was the ninth grandson of the Xingsheng Emperor (Li Wei the Prince of Liangwu Zhao), according to this theory, Li Bai was of the same lineage as the kings of Li and Tang, and was the younger brother of Emperor Taizong of Tang Li Shimin. It is also said that his ancestor was Li Jiancheng or Li Yuanji; According to the Old Book of Tang, Li Bai's father, Li Ke, was Rencheng Lieutenant.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), in November, Wu Zetian died. Li Bai is five years old. Fameng's reading began in the year. "Shang'an Prefecture Pei Changshi History Book" Yun: "Chanting Liujia at the age of five." Liujia, an elementary school literacy textbook of the Tang Dynasty, Changshi, and the deputy official of the prefecture.
In the third year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (715), Li Bai was fifteen years old. He has already written many poems, and has been praised and rewarded by some celebrities, and began to engage in social thirst activities. He also began to accept the influence of Taoist thought, good swordsmanship, and joyful Xia. It is Nian Cen Shengsheng.
In the sixth year of the Kaiyuan era (718), Li Bai was eighteen years old. He lived in seclusion to study in Daitian Dakuangshan (in present-day Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). Traveling to and from Pun County, he traveled to Jiangyou, Jiange, Zizhou (the prefecture is in present-day Sichuan Province) and other places, gaining a lot of experience and insight.
Leave your family and travel
In the twelfth year of the Kaiyuan era (724), Li Bai was twenty-four years old. Leave your hometown and embark on a long journey. Then travel to Chengdu and Mount Emei, and then sail east to Yuzhou (present-day Chongqing).
In the thirteenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (725), Li Bai went out of Shu and "went to the country with a sword, and left his relatives to travel far away".
In the fourteenth year of the Kaiyuan era (726), Li Bai was twenty-six years old. Spring to Yangzhou (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province). Autumn, sick lying in Yangzhou. In winter, he traveled north from Yangzhou to Ruzhou (present-day Linru County, Henan Province) to Anlu (present-day Anlu County, Hubei Province). He met Li Yong while passing through Chenzhou. Get to know Meng Haoran.
In the fifteenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (727), it was the edict of the year that "those who have high talents in culture and martial arts in the people may go to the imperial court to recommend themselves." In autumn, the country flooded in 63 states and frosted and drought in 17 states. Li Bai is twenty-seven years old. He lived in Anlu Shoushan and married the granddaughter of the late Prime Minister Xu Yuanshi, and lived in Anlu. It is the year Wang Changling Jin Shi and the first.
In the sixteenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (728), Tubo repeatedly invaded. Li Bai is twenty-eight years old. In early spring, he traveled to Jiangxia (present-day Wuhan, Hubei Province) and met Meng Haoran in Si.
In the seventeenth year of the Kaiyuan era (729), on August 5, Emperor Xuanzong held a grand celebration for his 40th birthday, and celebrated August 5 every year as the Thousand Autumn Festival. The edict ordered all the states of the world to feast and take a three-day vacation. Yuwen Rong was used to manage the country's finances, enforce the tax law, and widely gather for the luxury of the imperial court. Li Bai is twenty-nine years old. In Anlu.
Frustrated
In the eighteenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (730), in December, Prime Minister Zhang Shuo died. Li Bai is thirty years old. Spring in Anlu. He had consulted Pei Changshi of Honzhou many times before, but because he was slandered, he recently wrote a confession, but he was finally rejected. In early summer, he went to Chang'an, thirsty for the prime minister, and met his son Zhang Xiang. Residence in the annex of Princess Yuzhen (Emperor Xuanzong's imperial sister). He also consulted other princes and ministers, but to no avail. Travel to Xingzhou (west of Chang'an) in late autumn. Dongyou Fang Prefecture (north of Chang'an). Du Fu was nineteen years old and traveled to Jin (present-day Shanxi Province).
In the nineteenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (731), Emperor Xuanzong served as a eunuch for many times, especially favoring Colix, and the four sides of the time were all decided by Colix first. In October, Emperor Xuanzong drove Luoyang. Li Bai is thirty-one years old. Poor and depressed in Chang'an, he abandoned himself and socialized with scoundrels in Chang'an, leaving Chang'an in early summer, passing through Kaifeng (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province) to Songcheng (present-day Shangqiu County, Henan Province). In autumn, Zhongyue (a famous mountain in Dengfeng County, Henan Province), one of the five mountains of Pengshan Mountain, is where the mountain residence of his old friend Yuan Danqiu is located, and it has the meaning of seclusion. In late autumn, stranded in Luoyang.
In the twentieth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (732), in October, Emperor Xuanzong made a tour to the area north of Luoyang (around present-day Shanxi Province), and decreed that local officials could directly recommend the talents of the region to the imperial court. In November, to the northern capital Taiyuan (the place where the Tang Dynasty founded), worship Houtu (land god), and grant amnesty to the world. In December, return Luoyang. The number of households in the country was 7,861,236 and the population was 45,431,265, the highest ever recorded. Li Bai is thirty years old. Since the spring and summer in Luoyang, he has met Yuan Yan and Cui Chengfu. In autumn, he returned to Anlu from Luoyang. Passing through Nanyang (present-day Nanyang, Henan Province), he met Cui Zongzhi. In winter, Yuan Yan visited Anlu from Luoyang, and the two traveled together to Suizhou (present-day Suixian, Hubei Province). At the end of the year, return home to Anlu.
In the twenty-first year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (733), the first month, Emperor Xuanzong personally annotated Laozi's Tao Te Ching. Ling Tianxia Shishu (a servant and commoner with a very low status) kept a copy in his home, and Mei Nian tried the "Lao Tzu" strategy when he was raised. In March, Han Xiu and Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (Prime Minister). In May, Zhang Jiuling and Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhang. The two are upright and dare to give advice, and Zhang Jiuling is especially valued by the world for his literary talent and moral articles. The world was divided into fifteen provinces, each of which was assigned an envoy (responsible for supervising the politics and other items in the area under its jurisdiction), and it was the elder An Long Rain, and the Jingshi was hungry, and the edict released two million stones of Taicang rice to help the people. Li Bai is thirty-three years old. The stone chamber is located in Anlu Baizhaoshan peach blossom rock. Open up the mountain field, and make a living by farming and studying.
In the twenty-second year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (734), Emperor Xuanzong toured Luoyang. In February, an earthquake occurred in Qinzhou (southwest of present-day Tianshui County, Gansu), causing houses to collapse and destroy more than 4,000 people. Zhengnuma claimed to be Mr. Zhang Guo, a Taoist priest born in Yao, and Emperor Xuanzong personally asked about the art of curing the Dao immortals. He was awarded the Silver Cyan Guanglu Doctor (the silver seal is tied with a cyan slow band, which is a sign of high taste. Deputy position), an official (an official in the Tang Province who assisted the prime minister in drafting documents and other items).
The West is offered
In the twenty-third year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (735 AD), Emperor Xuanzong hunted again, and it happened that Li Bai was also traveling west, taking the opportunity to present "The Great Hunt", hoping to win Emperor Xuanzong's appreciation. His "Great Hunt Fu" Xitu with "Dao Kuangjun, showing things Zhou Bo", and "the holy pilgrimage garden pond is deserted, poor and liuhe", the territory is vast, the situation is very different from the previous dynasty, boasting that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and at the end he preaches the Taoist burial, in line with Emperor Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.
That year, after Li Bai entered Chang'an, he met Zhang Qing, the captain of Wei, and through him presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen, and the last two sentences said "When will you enter the young room, the queen mother should meet", which is to wish her to become an immortal. Li Bai also stated in a poem to Zhang Qing, the captain of the guard, that his situation was very difficult, and he hoped to be introduced and willing to serve the imperial court. From this, he gradually approached the upper echelons of the ruling class. Li Bai also met He Zhizhang in Chang'an this time. Li Bai went to the Ziji Palace, where he met He Zhizhang, immediately stepped forward to greet him, and presented the poem in his sleeve. He Zhizhang admired "Shu Road Difficulty" and "Wuqi Qu". Li Bai's magnificent poetry and dashing demeanor surprised He Zhizhang, and he actually said: "Are you Taibai Jinxing descending to the world?" He Zhizhang called him an immortal. Three years later, Li Bai sighed that "the road is difficult, come back" and left Chang'an.
Dedicated to Hanlin
In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Emperor Xuanzong saw Li Bai's poetry and admired him very much, so he summoned Li Bai to the palace. On the day that Li Bai entered the palace to meet him, Emperor Xuanzong greeted him step by step, "giving food in front of the bed of seven treasures, and mixing soup with his own hands." Emperor Xuanzong asked about some current affairs, and Li Bai was confident and answered questions like a stream based on his half-life study and long-term observation of society. Emperor Xuanzong greatly appreciated it, and immediately ordered Li Bai to enshrine Hanlin, and his duty was to write poems and entertain the emperor and accompany the emperor. Whenever Emperor Xuanzong had a banquet or outing, he would order Li Bai's attendants, using his agile poetic talent, and endowing poetry with documentary information. Although it is not a meritorious achievement, it also passed down its words to future generations, and boasted to future generations with pomp and circumstance. Li Bai was so favored by Emperor Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious, but some people also became jealous because of this.
In the second year of Tianbao (743), Li Bai was forty-three years old. Zhao Han Lin Yuan. In early spring, Emperor Xuanzong enjoyed music in the palace, and Li Bai wrote the "Lyrics of Pleasure in the Official", giving the palace brocade robe. In late spring, the peonies of Xingqing Pond bloomed, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan rewarded together, and Li Bai gave the edict "Qing Ping Tuo". Tired of the life of the imperial literati, he began to indulge in alcohol to self-defilement. He Zhizhang and others formed a tour of "people in wine", and Emperor Xuanzong did not call for it. He drafted the edict while drunk, causing Colix to take off his boots, and the people in the palace hated him, slandering Emperor Xuanzong, and Emperor Xuanzong neglected it.
Li Du met
In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (744 AD), Li Bai arrived in the eastern capital Luoyang. Here, he meets Du Fu, who is rubbing his feet. Two of the greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai was already famous throughout the country, while Du Fu was in full bloom, but he was trapped in Los Angeles. Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not be proud in front of Du Fu with his talent. And Du Fu, who was "also addicted to alcohol" and "made friends with old people", did not blindly bow his head in front of Li Bai and praise. As equals, the two established a deep friendship. While in Luoyang, they agreed to meet next time in the Liang and Song dynasties (around present-day Kaifeng and Shangqiu) to visit the Dao to seek immortals. In the autumn of the same year, the two arrived in Liang and Song as promised. The two expressed their joy here, borrowing from the past to comment on the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, and Gao Shi was not yet in the throne at this time. However, all three have their own ambitions and ideals. The three of them traveled happily, commented on articles and poems, and talked about the general trend of the world, all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Li Dudu was in the prime of life, and the creative exchange between the two had a positive impact on their future life.
In the autumn and winter of that year, Li Du broke up again, and each looked for a Taoist teacher to make a true basket (a secret text of Taoism) and teach a Taoist basket. Li Bai went to the Ziji Palace in Qi Prefecture (present-day Jinan, Shandong) to ask the Taoist priest Gao Tianshi Rugui to teach the Taoist basket, and from then on he officially performed the Taoist ritual and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Dezhou, and met Gailiao, who was good at writing talismans, and made a real basket for him. This time the immortal seeking visit, Li Bai got a complete result.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Eastern Lu. In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. They searched for the hermit Gaoren together, and also went to Qi Prefecture to visit Li Yong, a well-known writer and calligrapher at that time. In the winter of this year, Li Du and the two broke up.
An Shi entered the curtain
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755 AD), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan, and there were always two contradictory thoughts in his chest: retreat and jishi. At this time, the Yongwang Li Xuan went on his eastern tour, and Li Bai was invited to enter the curtain. He believed that the chaos in the world had been decided, and the situation in the Great Tang at this time was very similar to that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Yongjia Nandu, and it was a good time to divide Jiangnan. Therefore, he urged King Yong to take Jinling directly, and after King Yong launched a rebellion, he wrote eleven songs of "Yongwang's Eastern Tour Song", including "Yongwang Zhengyue went east to the master, and the Son of Heaven divided the dragon and tiger banner", "Sanchuan and the north are chaotic, and the four seas are running south like Yongjia, but using Dongshan Xie An stone, for Jun to talk and laugh and clean Husha", "The south wind swept away Hu Chenjing, and the west entered Chang'an to the side of the sun" and other words, comparing himself to Xie An, instigating Li Xuan to cut the alleged emperor's intentions are obvious. King Yong was soon defeated, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang. At this time, Cui Xian comforted Jiangnan and recruited talents. Li Bai went to the poem to ask for help, and his wife Zongshi also cried for help. Song Ruosi, who stationed Wu's 3,000 troops in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and made him join the shogunate.
In the first year of De (756), An Lushan proclaimed himself Emperor of Dayan in Luoyang. In May, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi broke Shi Siming and recovered more than ten counties in Hebei. In June, An Lushan led his troops to break through the fishing pass and capture Ge Shuhan. Li Bai is fifty-six years old. At the beginning of the year, he took refuge in Nanben with his wife Zongshi. Spring is in Dangtu. After hearing that Luoyang had fallen and the Central Plains had collapsed, he returned to Xuancheng and took refuge in Jizhongzhong, Zhejiang Province. To Pioyang (present-day Luanyang County, Jiangsu Province), he met Zhang Xu. Summer solstice in Vietnam. Wen Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi won a great victory in Hebei and returned to Jinling. In the autumn, Wen Xuanzong went to Shu, then went west along the Yangtze River, entered the Lushan Mountain to live in seclusion, King Yong issued letters of appointment several times, and after several hesitations, finally decided to go down the mountain to enter his shogunate, Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote some texts for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly regarded under Song Ruosi, and again recommended to the imperial court in the name of Song, hoping to be appointed by the imperial court again, but was eventually replaced by Changliu Yelang (in modern Tongzi, Guizhou).
In the second year of Zhide (757), Li Bai was fifty-seven years old. In the first month, in the Yongwang military camp, he composed the group poem "Yongwang East Tour Song". King Yong's army defeated Danyang, and Li Bai fled south from Danyang. Xuan was beaten into the Yang Seeking Prison. The Tsumō clan ran around to save him. Jiangnan Xuanwei caused Cui Tao and Song Ruosi, the prime minister of the imperial history, to try to save him, but he was released. Song Ruosi made Bai a staff officer of the military curtain to take charge of the army's Chinese secretary affairs. He accompanied Song Ruosi to Wuchang (present-day Echeng County, Hubei Province). In September, he lay ill in Susong (present-day Susong County, Anhui Province). He twice presented poetry to Prime Minister Zhang Ho for help. He was eventually convicted of Changliu Yelang for participating in the eastern tour of King Yongwang. It was 46 years old that Du Fu escaped from the thieves' camp in April, and gave Emperor Suzong Yu Fengxiang the right to collect the remains.
In the first year of the Qian Yuan (758), in April, Shi Si rebelled. In May, Emperor Suzong dismissed Zhang Ho as prime minister and became the governor of Jingzhou. In December, Shi Siming fell to Wei Prefecture (present-day southern Hebei Province). Li Bai is fifty-eight years old. Li Bai set out from Xunyang and began to flow long nights, and his wife and brother were sent to each other. Late spring and early summer. Passing through Xisaiyi (present-day east of Wuchang County), to Jiangxia, visit Li Yong's former residence, climb the Yellow Crane Tower, and look at Parrot Zhou. Autumn to Gangneung, winter into the Three Gorges. Du Fu was forty-seven years old and joined the army for Huazhou Sigong.
Died suddenly
In the second year of the Qian Yuan (759), the imperial court announced a general amnesty due to the severe drought in Guanzhong Province, stipulating that the deceased should be completely pardoned from the stream. After a long period of wandering, Li Bai finally gained freedom. He then sped down the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Early White Emperor City" best reflected his mood at that time. When he arrived in Jiangxia, because his old friend Liangzai was working as a taishou in the local area, Li Bai stayed for a while. In the second year of Qianyuan, Li Bai was invited by a friend to once again sail with the belittled Jia Zhi to enjoy the moon on the cave court, thinking about the ancient romance and giving poetry to express his feelings. Soon, he returned to Xuancheng and Jinling's old tourist place. For almost two years, he traveled between the two places, still living on people.
In the second year of the Shangyuan Dynasty (761), Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite embarrassing, and he had no choice but to defect to his uncle Li Yangbing, who was working as a county commander in Dangtu.
In the third year of the Shangyuan Dynasty (762), Li Bai became seriously ill and handed over the manuscript to Li Yangbing on his sick bed, giving him "Dying Song" and passing away at the age of sixty-two.
Regarding Li Bai's death, there have always been different opinions, and there is no agreement. The overall can be summarized into three ways of death: one is drunken death, the second is disease death, and the third is drowning. The first method of death is found in the Old Book of Tang, which says that Li Bai "died drunk in Xuancheng by drinking excessively"; The second method of death has also been found in other canonical histories or research by experts. said that when Li Guangbi was in Linhuai in the eastern town, Li Bai ignored his 61-year-old age and went to ask Ying to kill the enemy, hoping to do his best to save the country from danger in his twilight years, and returned halfway due to illness, and died the following year of illness in the Dangtu County Commandery, Li Yangbing, the most famous seal scholar of the Tang Dynasty; The third rule of death is mostly found in folklore and is very romantic, saying that Li Bai drank alcohol on the river in Dangtu and drowned because he jumped into the water to catch the moon drunk, which is very consistent with the poet's character. However, no matter what kind of death method, it is directly related to participating in the conspiracy of the Yongwang Li Xuan. Because Li Bai exiled Yelang, it is an indisputable fact that soon after being pardoned, he ended his legendary and bumpy life.