The risk factors for hyperlipidemia are mostly related to unreasonable diet, and in the last issue, we learned the definition classification of hyperlipidemia and the basic principles of diet in the "Guidelines for Dietary Nutrition for Adults with Hyperlipidemia (2023 Edition)" issued by the National Health Commission. In this issue, we will continue to learn TCM food maintenance methods. TCM food nutrition takes "dialectical diet" as the core, which is a non-drug maintenance method based on the theory of dialectical treatment of TCM, emphasizing that different dietary nutrition programs are given according to physical constitution, etiology and symptoms, which have remarkable effects in harmonizing qi and blood, balancing human nutrition, and assisting in disease prevention. For people with different constitutions and hyperlipidemia, selecting foods or food drugs with different characteristics can effectively improve the blood lipid level of patients.
Chinese medicine understanding and classification of hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia belongs to the categories of "blood stasis", "phlegm dampness" and "grease ointment", which is caused by unruly diet, craving for greasy and sweet food, thick taste of alcohol, emotional disorders, excessive ease and less work, etc., resulting in dysfunction of the liver, spleen and kidneys, abnormal fluid metabolism in the body, the formation of pathological products such as blood stasis, turbidity, sputum coagulation, etc., and finally cause disease. Common differential types and clinical manifestations are as follows:
(1) Sputum turbid internal resistance type: body obesity, heavy limbs, dizziness and sleepiness, easy drowsiness, chest tightness and shortness of breath, sticky or unformed stool, fat tongue, sticky tongue, smooth pulse.
(2) Sputum and stasis intertwined type: body obesity, heavy limbs, dizziness and sleepiness, easy drowsiness, chest tingling or stuffy pain, dark purple lips, sticky stool, fat tongue, sticky tongue, or dark purple tongue, or petechiae on the tongue, smooth or astringent pulse.
(3) Qi stasis type: chest or flank full, or pinprick-like pain, low mood or irritability, like long sigh, purple lips, dark red tongue, petechiae or ecchymosis, fine pulse.
(4) Qi deficiency and blood stasis type: shortness of breath, fatigue, mental fatigue, lazy speech, pinprick-like pain in the chest or flank, induced or aggravated after activity, sweating, dull or purple tongue or ecchymoses, petechiae, and astringent pulse.
(5) Liver and kidney yin deficiency type: dizziness, tinnitus, sore back and soft legs, hot palms and feet, upset and insomnia, forgetfulness and dreams, red tongue, less tongue, fine pulse count.
(6) Spleen deficiency and wet type: body sleepiness, stool is not formed or diarrhea, diet is tasteless, abdominal distension after eating, light tongue, fat tongue with tooth marks, white and sticky tongue, weak or slow pulse.
Examples of different types of diets
The recipe refers to the principle of "dialectical diet", divides hyperlipidemia into 6 common TCM symptom types, and gives corresponding recipe examples (see attachment for details). The recipe is made according to the principles of food diversity, suitable energy, fat control, staple food ration, rich fruits and vegetables, and appropriate meat. The recipe is suitable for adults with hyperlipidemia who are light physical activity, and can reasonably adjust energy based on their own activity level and other factors.
Sputum turbidity internal resistance type
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Hawthorn chrysanthemum cassia tea
Hawthorn 9g, chrysanthemum 6g, fried cassia 9g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times.
Three fresh teas
10g each of fresh lotus leaves, fresh patchouli and fresh orange peel. Wash, chop, brew in boiling water or slightly boil, and drink as many times as a substitute for tea. In summer, dizziness and nausea, drinking is especially suitable.
Three fresh drinks
15g fresh hawthorn, 15g fresh white radish, 3g fresh orange peel. Add 350ml of water, put it in a pot together, cook over low heat, and take about 250ml of juice after boiling. Substitute tea in multiple times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
2. Diet
Orange stinged duck broth
Main ingredients: orange 5g, jujube 3g, duck meat 30g, jellyfish peel 10g, winter melon 100g.
Production method: wash the orange red and jellyfish peel separately and soak slightly; Wash the dates; Peel and cut the winter melon into chunks; Cut the duck into chunks, blanch water, wash and set aside; Add an appropriate amount of water, after the water boils, put in the duck and cook; Then put it in a pot with winter melon, orange, jellyfish peel and jujube, boil over high heat, reduce the heat to low for 1 hour, and add soy sauce, salt, coriander, green onion, minced garlic and other condiments.
Dosage: Eat with meals, 1 time for 1 person, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Allergy to duck meat is contraindicated.
Sputum and stasis are interknotted
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Hawthorn coix kernel drink
Hawthorn 3g, coix seed 15g, fried raiji seed 3g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Hawthorn chrysanthemum cassia tea
6g each of hawthorn and chrysanthemum, 9g of fried cassia seeds. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times.
Kelp mung bean water
15g kelp, shredded, mung beans 15g. Cook the soup and divide into multiple servings.
2. Diet
Orange peel bergamot porridge
Main ingredients: orange peel 6g, bergamot 6g, hawthorn 3g, glutinous rice 30g.
Preparation method: orange peel, bergamot, hawthorn and washed glutinous rice, add an appropriate amount of water, and cook porridge together.
Dosage: Eat for breakfast or with meals, 1 person 1 time, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Qi stasis type
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Hawthorn orange peel drink
Hawthorn 6g, ginger 3g, orange peel 3g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink tea in several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Hawthorn cassia drink
10g each of chrysanthemum, hawthorn and fried cassia seeds. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Hawthorn rose tea
Hawthorn 6g, double-petaled rose 3g. Brew tea and drink it in multiple times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
2. Diet
Fried hawthorn pork
Main ingredients: lean pork 40g, hawthorn 6g.
Preparation method: lean pork and hawthorn, add an appropriate amount of water together, cook until the pork is seven ripe, take out and let it cool, cut into meat strips, soak in the juice made with soy sauce, rice wine, green onion, ginger and peppercorns, and drain after 1 hour. Put an appropriate amount of peanut oil in a wok and heat it over low heat, put meat strips and fry until slightly yellow, remove the drained oil; Stir-fry the hawthorn in a frying pan, then stir-fry the meat strips and dry the soup over low heat. Dosage: Eat with meals, 1 time for 1 person, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Qi deficiency and blood stasis type
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Hawthorn licorice tea
Hawthorn 3g, licorice 6g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Hawthorn licorice coix kernel drink
Licorice, hawthorn and coix kernel 9g each. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Lotus leaf hawthorn drink
Lotus leaf 9g, hawthorn 3g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
2. Diet
Carp soup with ginseng
Main ingredients: Angelica 3g, Astragalus 3g, Codonopsis 5g, Carp 60g, Ginger 2 slices.
Production method: wash the carp, remove the fishy line, drain the water and set aside; Wash angelica, astragalus and codonopsis and put them in a gauze bag for later use; After heating the pot, add an appropriate amount of peanut oil, fry the carp slightly until slightly yellow on both sides, add 500ml of water, an appropriate amount of cooking wine and ginger, put astragalus and codonopsis into the pot at the same time, bring to a boil over high heat and simmer for 40 minutes, slightly add salt to taste.
Dosage: Eat with meals, 1 time for 1 person, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Codonopsis and astragalus are restricted to licensed physicians in non-pilot areas. Codonopsis and astragalus in this soup can be replaced with 10g of yam and 3g of ginseng. Those with symptoms such as dry eyes, red urine and constipation caused by hyper-irritation should be used with caution.
Liver and kidney yin deficiency type
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Qiju drink
Goji berries 6g, chrysanthemum 6g, fried cassia 9g, green tea 3g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times.
Hawthorn chrysanthemum cassia tea
6g each of hawthorn and chrysanthemum, 9g of fried cassia seeds. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times.
Lotus leaf summer hay wolfberry tea
20g fresh lotus leaves, 9g summer hay, 6g goji berries. Fry in water and drink in multiple tea substitutes.
2. Diet
Goji sesame vegetable cake
Main ingredients: 5g of goji berries, 2g of black sesame seeds, 10g of goji leaves, 50g of glutinous rice flour, 50g of glutinous rice flour, 20g of egg liquid.
Preparation method: stir-fry black sesame seeds and set aside; Crack the eggs into a bowl and stir well; Pick and wash the goji leaves; Pour oil into a pot and heat it, put green onions in a pot, pour soy sauce and an appropriate amount of water to boil, pour egg liquid, put goji leaves to boil, add salt, drizzle sesame oil into soup for later use; Knead glutinous rice flour, glutinous rice flour, black sesame seeds with spare soup into a ball, and knead into long strips, press into cakes in sections, wrap in goji berries, knead into balls and steam for 30 minutes before coming out of the pot.
Dosage: Eat for breakfast or with meals, 1 person 1 time, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Goji berries can be replaced with other green vegetables. Spleen deficiency, anorexia, abdominal distention, indigestion should be used with caution.
Spleen deficiency and wet type
1. Experience eating and drinking tea
Strengthen the spleen and drink
Orange peel 6g, lotus leaf 6g, hawthorn 3g, malt 10g. Cut the orange peel and lotus leaf into shreds, together with hawthorn and malt, add 500ml of water and cook for 30 minutes, remove the residue and retain the juice, and drink it in several tea substitutes. Use with caution in pregnant women.
Sanhua orange peel tea
10g each of double-petaled rose, jasmine, daiyo flower, lotus leaf, 3g orange peel. Finely minced, brewed with boiling water, and drunk in many times as a substitute for tea.
Hawthorn orange peel tea
Hawthorn 12g, orange peel 10g, licorice 3g. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoction, and drink the tea several times. Use with caution in pregnant women.
2. Diet
Yam coix porridge
Main ingredients: yam 15g, coix seed 12g, chia seed 6g, japonica rice 20g.
Preparation method: peel the yam, cut into thin strips and set aside; Rinse the coix seeds and soak for 30 minutes; Put the coix seeds in a casserole, add 300ml of water, bring to a boil over high heat, then reduce the heat and cook for 20 minutes, add yam, glutinous rice, and chia, and continue to cook for 30 minutes.
Dosage: Eat for breakfast or with meals, 1 person 1 time, can be consumed for 7~10 days. Pregnant women, flushing of the head caused by strong internal heat, dry urine and other symptoms should be used with caution.
Bibliography:
[1] Guidelines for Dietary Nutrition for Hyperlipidemia in Adults (2023 Edition) http://www.nhc.gov.cn/sps/s7887k/202301/0e55a01df50c47d9a4a43db026e3afc3/files/252e7bd69d064fc5a00f02fbc64b5e23.pdf
「Link」
Written by: Jia Jundi, Xu Hao
American editor: Zhang Jiqian
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Expert profile
Xu Hao, M.D., chief physician, professor, doctoral supervisor, is currently the vice president of Xiyuan Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the vice president and secretary general of the cardiovascular professional committee of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, the chairman of the professional committee of blood circulation and stasis removal of the Chinese Society of Integrative Medicine, and the vice chairman of the evidence-based medicine professional committee. He was selected as the third batch of national outstanding clinical talents in traditional Chinese medicine, and won the honorary titles of national candidates for millions of talents, young and middle-aged scientific and technological innovation leading talents of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in the capital, and enjoyed the special government allowance of the State Council.
Good at: integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, premature beats, bradycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, myocarditis sequelae, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerotic plaque, cardiac neurosis, etc.; Insomnia, headache, dizziness, cough and asthma, stomach pain, constipation, self-sweating night sweats and other internal medicine miscellaneous diseases and sub-health conditions of traditional Chinese medicine conditioning.
Visiting time: Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Specialist Clinic: Tuesday morning
- Special Needs Outpatient Clinic: Sunday afternoon
(Note: Special needs outpatient clinics can apply for appointment plus sign by searching for Director Xu Hao in the online website of Good Doctor)