Patterns of respiratory injury

Normal people breathe 12-20 breaths per minute, less than 12 times is slow breathing, and more than 20 times is shortness of breath. Respiratory injuries are divided into changes in the number of breaths and changes in the depth of breath, which are divided into many types, as detailed in the following table.

Among them, tidal breathing is also known as Chen Shi breathing, breathing gradually increases and gradually weakens and slows down, oxygen and carbon dioxide appear to fluctuate significantly, which is the central regulation after ventilation increases, so that breathing is slowed down, followed by hypoxia, carbon dioxide retention, again stimulate breathing, so that breathing increases. Sighing breathing refers to a deep breath accompanied by a sigh in the normal respiratory rhythm, which is caused by psychosocial factors in normal people and has no special significance, but in critically ill patients, it can be manifested as shallow and slow breathing, and a deep and large breath with a sigh appears, which is a dying breath, indicating a critical condition. Kussmaul breathing, breathing becomes faster and deeper, diabetic ketoacidosis, uremia acidosis will appear, patients can have respiratory compensation because of acidosis, and manifested as rapid, deep, hard breathing. Bio breathing, also known as intermittent stop breathing, myeloidal injury can lead to the disappearance of respiratory rhythms, respiratory rate, depth are not fixed, regular breathing after the emergence of apnea, and then regular breathing.

Hemisphere injury may present with tidal breathing, diencephalic and brainstem injury and central hyperventilation, injury to the head of the pontine may present with long inspiratory breathing, injury to the capontine end of the pontine may present with cluster breathing (pathological breathing pattern of apnea after 4 to 5 consecutive irregular breathing), and bulbar injury may have ataxia breathing (the depth of breathing, completely irregular rhythm).