#历史开讲 #
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In the history of the Korean Peninsula, the relationship between the two neighboring countries of the Yuan and Ming dynasties had a profound impact on the development of the region. But what kind of law did the Korean Peninsula's relations with its neighbors change during the reign of the Yuan and Ming dynasties? How coherence, mobility and unity of their attitudes are expressed?
Goryeo is in a difficult political situation
During the change of Goryeo dynasties, the Yuan dynasty gradually declined, while the Ming dynasty rose. Goryeo, as a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, needed to move between the Ming and Yuan dynasties to seek its own interests. In the process, there were some twists and turns in the relationship between Goryeo and the Ming dynasty, but overall there was a coherence.
In the early days, relations between the Ming Dynasty and Goryeo were based on mutual benefit. After Myeongseongjo came to the throne, he established close friendships with the king of Goryeo and maintained relations between the two countries by sending tribute. King Gyeongjong of Joseon was also grateful for this, took the initiative to submit to the Ming dynasty, and married his daughter to Myeongseongjo.
However, Goryeo also needed to maintain relations with the Yuan dynasty. Although the Yuan Dynasty had declined, it was still the suzerainty of Goryeo. The kings of Goryeo paid tribute to the Yuan dynasty several times, and during his reign, Goryeo also engaged in some military cooperation with the Yuan dynasty. However, as the Ming Dynasty gradually rose, Goryeo also began to seek to break free from the control of the Yuan Dynasty and move closer to the Ming Dynasty.
In the process, some friction occurred between Goryeo and the Ming dynasty. The Ming Dynasty repeatedly asked Goryeo to close the passage to pay tribute to the Yuan Dynasty, but Goryeo did not agree. This caused discontent in the Ming Dynasty, leading to the murder of the Ming envoy and the death of the king. This incident also made Goryeo deeply aware of the threat of the Ming Dynasty, and began to take some measures to avoid conflict with the Ming Dynasty.
However, relations between Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty were not severed. Goryeo still needed to show favor to the Ming Dynasty to avoid Ming aggression. Therefore, in the dispute between Dingliao and Liwei, the king of Goryeo sought support from the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid the invasion of the Ming dynasty against him. This incident caused displeasure in the Ming dynasty, but was eventually resolved through negotiations. Through this event, Goryeo succeeded in avoiding direct conflict with the Ming Dynasty and found its foothold between the Ming and Yuan dynasties.
The relationship between Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty showed a continuity during this period. Although there were some frictions and contradictions between the two countries, the Goryeo government on the whole tended to maintain good relations with the Ming Dynasty when dealing with the relationship between the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, and to get rid of the Yuan Dynasty's restraint through its dealings with the Ming Dynasty. In this process, the performance of the attitude of the Goryeo literati towards Won and Myeong was also closely related to changes in national policies.
Mingli relationship transformation
The initial establishment of the Ming Dynasty and Goryeo clan relations provided the basis for subsequent policies. On this basis, the Goryeo government achieved ties with the Ming through tribute to the Ming dynasty and trade with the Ming dynasty, while weakening the Yuan dynasty's control over Goryeo by severing ties with the Yuan dynasty.
However, this strategy did not have the desired effect, but instead caused retaliation from the Yuan dynasty, making the Goryeo government face a more difficult situation. Under these circumstances, the Goryeo government gradually adjusted its policy and began to seek contact with the Yuan Dynasty and requested support from the Yuan Dynasty. However, this strategy also faced opposition from the Ming dynasty.
During this period, the performance of the Goryeo literati's attitude towards Won and Myeong also underwent some changes. In the early days, the Goryeo literati generally had a favorable impression of the Ming Dynasty and expressed their support for the Ming Dynasty through poetry and other means. However, after the murder of the envoy and the death of the king, the attitude of the Goryeo literati began to change.
Some literati began to doubt the Ming dynasty and made criticisms. At the same time, the policy of the Goryeo government also began to shift towards the Yuan dynasty and seek liaison with the Yuan dynasty. In the dispute between Dingliao and Liwei, the king of Goryeo asked the Yuan dynasty for support in order to avoid the invasion of the Ming dynasty, which caused dissatisfaction among the Ming dynasty.
In general, the attitude of the Goryeo government and the literati towards Yuan and Ming showed a coherence, although there were some frictions and contradictions in policy adjustment and practice. In this process, the attitude of the Goryeo government and literati towards Won and Myeong was influenced by a variety of factors, including political, economic, and military considerations.
Mingli territorial contradictions
During the change of Goryeo dynasties, the relationship between Goryeo and the Ming dynasty was not stable. Some of the literati of Goryeo rejected the Ming dynasty, while the king of Goryeo moved between seeking protection and support from the Ming dynasty. In addition, Goryeo had sought recognition of Shin-woo by the Northern Yuan, which further exacerbated tensions between Goryeo and the Ming dynasty.
The rejection of the Ming dynasty by the Goryeo literati. At the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, some literati began to show an attitude of rejection towards the Ming Dynasty. They believed that the Ming Dynasty did not respect the independence and sovereignty of Goryeo, but blindly interfered in Goryeo's internal and foreign affairs, leaving Goryeo in a passive situation. These literati opposed the intervention of the Ming Dynasty in literature, history, geography, etc., and stressed that Goryeo should adhere to the principle of independence and self-determination and seek its own development and progress.
Seek the Northern Yuan's recognition of Xin Yu. While the Ming Dynasty intervened in Goryeo, Goryeo also sought support from other powers. The most important of these is the Northern Yuan. Northern Won was a common enemy of Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty, and Goryeo had sought Northern Yuan's recognition as a way to protect itself from Ming aggression. In the process, Goryeo also made Shin-woo its king, trying to consolidate its position.
However, this practice of Goryeo caused dissatisfaction in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty considered this behavior of Goryeo to be a challenge and insult to itself, so it took a series of measures to suppress Goryeo. In addition, the power of the Northern Won also began to decline, and this approach of Goryeo did not achieve the desired effect.
To sum up, the relationship between Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty showed a kind of wandering during this period. Some Goryeo literati rejected Ming interference, while the Goryeo kings sought to balance and maximize interests between the Ming and Northern Yuan. This wandering attitude ultimately did not bring substantial benefits to Goryeo, but instead exacerbated tensions between Goryeo and the Ming dynasty.
At the same time that the contradictions between the Ming Dynasty and Goryeo gradually deepened, the Northern Yuan also began to decline. During this period, there were also some changes in the relationship between the Northern Won and Goryeo. The rulers of the Northern Yuan began to face internal and external difficulties, and in order to stabilize the domestic situation, they began to take some compromise measures, including recognition and support for Goryeo.
However, this attitude did not last long, and as the political, economic, and military power of the Northern Yuan weakened further, its support for Goryeo gradually became weak. This is particularly evident in the dispute over Tieling Liwei. During this incident, the King of Goryeo sent troops to Tieling in Liaodong to protect the security of the country, and established Liwei. However, both the Ming and Yuan dynasties opposed this and demanded that Goryeo withdraw its troops. During this period, the support of the Northern Won could no longer help Goryeo substantially.
In general, during this period, Goryeo's foreign relations showed a state of flux, both in favor of the Ming dynasty and in attempts to move closer to the Northern Yuan. This state of affairs is mainly caused by Koryo's political, economic, military and other difficulties. At the same time, the attitude of the Ming Dynasty and the Northern Yuan towards Goryeo was constantly changing, which made Goryeo's foreign policy more complicated and difficult.
The territorial dispute came to an end
In the last period of the Goryeo Dynasty, the attitude of the Yuan and Ming dynasties towards the handling of territorial disputes gradually converged. At the end of the Goryeo period, its national strength gradually declined due to political corruption and social unrest in Goryeo. At this time, the Ming Dynasty gradually strengthened its support and interference in Goryeo in order to prevent Goryeo from being invaded by Japan and the southern Wokou. During this period, the Yuan Dynasty had gradually declined, and its attention to Goryeo gradually decreased.
Eventually, after the fall of the Goryeo Dynasty in 1392, the Joseon Dynasty was established. Ming support for Korea also gradually increased. The Yuan dynasty's support and interference in Goryeo gradually decreased. This event brought the Ming Dynasty and Korea closer together, while the Yuan Dynasty was gradually isolated.
After the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty of Goryeo, in order to consolidate the foundation of the country, a series of legal systems such as the Joseon Jingguodian were formulated. Among them, there are also detailed regulations on the relationship between Korea and the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Jing Shi Da Dian is one of the important official works of the Ming Dynasty, which also stipulates relations with North Korea.
These two works have relatively clear provisions on the relationship between Korea and the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and stipulate the ways in which North Korea interacts with the two countries and the settlement of border disputes. This also shows that the Ming and Yuan dynasties gradually converged in their handling of territorial disputes, and also laid a legal foundation for the stability and development of Korea.
Although there were complex political relations between the Ming and Yuan dynasties at the end of the Goryeo dynasty, attitudes toward territorial disputes gradually converged over time. After the establishment of Korea, the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Korea became closer, and the handling of territorial disputes became clearer.
In short, in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, the relationship between Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty experienced many twists and turns. In his confrontation with the Yuan Dynasty, the King of Goryeo first sought help from the Ming Dynasty, but later sought support from the Northern Yuan Dynasty in order to avoid Ming interference. At the same time, there were open and secret battles within the Goryeo government, which led to the death of the king and the constant occurrence of territorial disputes.
However, after hardships and setbacks, relations between Goryeo and the Ming Dynasty were eventually stabilized and established. The Ming Dynasty showed relative tolerance and sanity in territorial disputes, while the King of Goryeo adopted a cautious but wise diplomatic strategy, constantly seeking reconciliation and mediation. Eventually, clan relations were established between the two countries, forming a stable ruling system, which laid a solid foundation for the development of the Joseon Dynasty.
This historic event shows that communication, compromise and trust between the two sides are essential in diplomatic relations. Only through mutual understanding and respect can genuine friendly relations be established, and mutual support in development can achieve common prosperity.