#历史开讲 #
"Xia Shang and Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou divided into two sections, Spring and Autumn and Warring States, one unified Qin and two Han, three divided Wei Shu Wu, the second Jin Dynasty was extended, the Northern and Southern Dynasties were coexisted, the Sui and Tang dynasties were handed down in five generations, and after the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the imperial dynasty ended here." This is the Chinese dynasty song I recited in elementary school, and if I use this as a basis, the ancient Chinese dynasties and founding emperors are as follows
Note 1: It is not accurate to say that the founding emperor was, because there was no title of emperor in the Xia Shang and Zhou era, and it was only for the convenience of expression here, so it was uniformly called the founding emperor.
Note 2: The parentheses indicate the actual founder of the dynasty
Note 3: The Spring and Autumn Warring States are mentioned in the dynasty song, but because the kings of each country at this time are princes, not the nominal Son of Heaven, it is not listed.
Among these founding emperors, if you choose the most low-key, Liu Xiu must be at the top, at least what makes me remember Liu Xiu is not a textbook, but a review book when I was a child - "Liu Xiu Goes to the Country". Here to explain first, to say that Liu Xiu is the founding emperor, in fact, it is not rigorous enough, because Liu Xiu ascended the throne as emperor under the premise of honoring the Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun as the ancestor and the Han Yuan Emperor Liu Xi as the father, nominally the successor of the Western Han Dynasty, not the founding emperor, of course, everyone knows that Liu Xiu's move is to emphasize his orthodoxy and gather people's hearts in order to facilitate his rule, in fact, Liu Xiu is the founding emperor.
Perhaps sandwiched between the strong Western Han Dynasty and the wonderful three kingdoms of "drums and horns contending, heroes", the brilliance of the Eastern Han Dynasty always seems a little bleak, resulting in Liu Xiu in the many founding emperors is also slightly low-key, but low-key does not mean that the ability is not as good as other emperors, Liu Xiu's majesty is roughly more than many emperors, today, while reviewing Liu Xiu's process of becoming emperor, let's take a look at his love story with Yin Lihua.
1. The concubine shall be regarded as the Jinwu, and the wife shall be yin and beautiful
Liu Xiu was the ninth grandson of Emperor Liu Bang of Han and a descendant of Emperor Jing of Han. Because of the famous Yang Mo during the Han Wudi period, "Tui En Ling", by Liu Xiu's father Liu Qin's generation, he would already be a minor official like Jiyang Ling. When Liu Xiu was 9 years old, his father died, and his uncle Liu Liang, who was far away in Nanyang, adopted Liu Xiu and his siblings, and Liu Xiu became an ordinary commoner.
Compared with Liu Xiu, Yin Lihua looked more noble at this time, and it is said that it was after the famous Prime Minister Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Era. Guan Xiuyin, the seventh descendant of Guan Zhong, was named Yin Dafu, and later took the surname "Yin". At that time, the Yin family was a standard wealthy family, and Yin Lihua was the standard "rich second generation" plus "Bai Fumei", the dream lover of many men in Nanyang.
Liu Xiu's acquaintance with Yin Lihua originated from her brother-in-law Deng Chen. Deng Chen is related to the Yin family, and Liu Xiu has a good relationship with Deng Chen, and when he followed his brother-in-law in and out of the Yin family, he came into contact with Yin Lihua and was attracted by Yin Lihua's beauty.
During the Tianfeng period of the new dynasty, Liu Xiu went to Chang'an to study, during which he met Deng Yu and Zhu You, two talents who later ranked among the "twenty-eight generals of Yuntai", which not only improved Liu Xiu's knowledge reserve, but also laid a certain foundation for Liu Xiu's talent reserve to start a business. It was also during her studies in Chang'an that Liu Xiu saw Zhijinwu walking majestically on the streets, and said the famous phrase "Shi Gong should be the Zhijinwu, and the wife should be Yin Lihua". It's just that he didn't expect that his later self would exceed this small goal and become "Shi Gong as Guangwu Emperor, and the empress will give Yin Lihua".
"At the beginning, Guangwu is suitable for Xinye, and after hearing the beauty, the heart is happy. Later, when he arrived in Chang'an, he saw that the Jinwu car was riding very prosperously, because he sighed: "The palace should be regarded as the Jinwu, and the wife should be yin and beautiful." —— Book of the Later Han
Second, the loss of the brother is revealed, and the dream comes true to welcome the bride
At the end of the new dynasty, Wang Mang, who was suspected of being a traverser, failed to reform and society gradually went out of control, and to make matters worse, it was to catch up with successive disasters and famines, and the people were living poorly, and as a result, peasants in many places rose up, and the rebel army gradually formed a trend of burning the plains. At this time, Liu Xiu's brother Liu Wei raised the slogan of "restoring the cause of the ancestors, determining the autumn of all generations", and led Liu Xiu to officially launch an uprising, calling the Ling Army and forming an alliance with the Green Forest Army.
The Liu brothers defeated the masses in the Battle of Kunyang, leading 17,000 horses to break Wang Mang's 430,000 new army, directly sounding the death knell of Wang Mang's regime. Subsequently, the Green Forest Army took advantage of the victory to pursue, killed Wang Mang in the Weiyang Palace, and established the Genshi regime, Liu Xuan, the prince of the Liu clan, was proclaimed as the first emperor, and Liu Shu paid homage to the Great Situ, Feng Hanxinhou, Liu Xiubai broke the capture of the general, and Feng Wuxin Marquis.
However, with Liu Shu's repeated battle merits, his prestige became more and more prosperous, coupled with Liu Shu's own flamboyant personality, he was jealous of the first emperor. In the same year, Emperor Liu Xuan, together with Li Yi and Zhu Qun, designed to kill Liu Shu.
If his brother was killed, if he were an ordinary person, he might immediately raise troops to avenge his brother, but at this time, Liu Xiu showed the qualities of an outstanding politician - calm and forbearing, not only did not defend his brother, but did not mourn his brother, but apologized to Emperor Gengshi, saying that his brother deserved his crimes, and also gave all the credit to the heads of other green forest generals, eating three meals a day, talking and laughing as usual, without leaving any excuse for Emperor Gengshi to be punished.
During this period, Yin Zhi, who had been fighting with Liu Xiu, saw the great potential contained in Liu Xiu's body, and persuaded his family to marry his sister Yin Lihua to Liu Xiu, and his wish to marry Yin Lihua was realized.
Third, in the chaotic world, sad parting, the day of reunion is more embarrassing
Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua were newly married for only three months, and a divine decree from the first emperor appointed Liu Xiu as a lieutenant and went to Hebei to appease various forces. From today's point of view, the move of the first emperor is an absolute stinky move to let the tiger return to the mountain, but at that time, the move of the first emperor can be described as killing two birds with one stone. Liu Xiu was still the subordinate of the first emperor at that time, if he could pacify Hebei, the power of the first emperor was more stable, if he could not pacify Hebei, he could get rid of Liu Xiu by the hands of others, and there was one less person who could compete with the first emperor for the throne, in this way, whether the answer was A or B, the first emperor was a steady profit, but Liu Xiu was the son of the plane after all, and he chose C.
At that time, there were three forces in Hebei, Wang Lang was the strongest, Liu Yang was second, and Liu Xiu was again. And Liu Yang has also returned to Wang Lang at this time, and wanting to kill the eldest and the second as the third is tantamount to dreaming, and winning Liu Yang to his camp is Liu Xiu's only chance to turn over. The envoys sent by Liu Xiu lived up to their mission and successfully persuaded Liu Yang to unite with Liu Xiu, but only if Liu Xiu married Liu Yang's niece Guo Shengtong, which was a typical political marriage.
"When the king Liu Yang raised troops to subordinate Wang Lang, there were more than 100,000 people, and the ancestor sent to say Yang, and Yang Nai surrendered. Shizu ended up because he stayed in Zhending, and after Naguo, he was Yang's nephew. Nai and Yang and the generals set the wine Guo's Qilishe, and Yang attacked the building for joy, because he had to march into Handan from Pinghebei. —— Book of the Later Han
Although the history books record that Liu Xiu married Guo Shengtong with great reluctance, judging from Liu Xiu's attitude towards her brother's murder, I believe that Liu Xiu was willing or not resistant to marrying Guo Shengtong. I also believe that Liu Xiu's favor of Guo Shengtong will not be worse than Yin Lihua, and it can be seen from the children born of both sides, Guo Sheng has five sons and a daughter, Yin Sheng has five sons and three daughters, the two sides are not much different, judging from Liu Xiu's past performance, Guo Shengtong was finally deposed, by no means the so-called Liu Xiu loves Yin Lihua more.
After gaining Liu Yang's support, Liu Xiu became a huge force with "cross-state strongholds and millions". In 25 AD, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in Hebei, and in October of the same year, he entered Luoyang and took Yin Lihua with him. At the time of parting in troubled times, Liu Xiu was alone, and on the occasion of the long farewell reunion, Liu Xiu already had a Guo Shengtong and an infant child by her side, presumably Yin Lihua must have a special taste in her heart, there was joy, emotion, excitement, and sigh.
Fourth, the general understanding and resigned the postposition, and gave birth to five sons and prospered
Soon after the reunion, Liu Xiu made Yin Lihua a nobleman, the same as Guo Shengtong. In addition, Yin Lihua's brother Yin Zhi was named the Marquis of Yinxiang, so that Yin Lihua's maiden family was higher than Guo Shengtong's maiden family.
A year after ascending the throne, the candidate for the position of Nakagu was also put on the agenda. Liu Xiu thought that Yin Lihua was "elegant and generous, with the beauty of motherhood, virtuous in nature, and suitable for the mother of the world", and hoped to establish Yin Lihua, but Yin Lihua insisted that Guo Shengtong had given birth to a prince, and he was more qualified to become an empress, and finally Liu Xiu made Guo Shengtong the queen, and Guo Shengtong's son Liu Jiang was the prince.
"After the emperor, he was elegant and generous, and wanted to honor the throne, but he resigned, thinking that Guo had a son, but he finally refused to be one, so he established Empress Guo." —— Book of the Later Han
In fact, in this process, both Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua showed themselves to be mature politicians. At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty had just been established, the regime was not very stable, there was Youzhou Pengpet rebellion next to Hebei, and there were internal Huang Five School thieves in chaos, which can be described as internal and external troubles, in order to alleviate the contradiction with the Zhending royal family and the turmoil in Hebei, Liu Xiu weighed the pros and cons, and finally established Guo Shengtong as the successor. Judging from Liu Xiu's previous performance, perhaps Liguo Shengtong was his original intention, at least in this period.
And Yin Lihua is even more amazing, facing the temptation of the mother world, surprisingly calm, and her judgment of the situation is also very accurate. The concession at this moment brought the stability of the Eastern Han regime and laid the foundation for the subsequent counterattack of himself and his son.
Even if Liu Xiu is a priority in her career, her love for Yin Lihua is real. Even in the early years of Jianwu, who was financially poor, she still insisted on taking the pregnant Yin Lihua to join the army, even if she pressed the speed of the march to the slowest, and in May of the fourth year of Jianwu, Yin Lihua gave birth to her and Liu Xiu's first son, Liu Yang, in Yuanshi County, which was later Emperor Hanming.
"Jianwu 4th May Jiashen, Prince Yangsheng". —— "Eastern View of the Han Dynasty"
When Liu Yang was just born, he was particularly loved by his father, and even touched Liu Yang's head when he was 10 years old and said "Wu Jizi". At the same time, Yin Lihua became more and more favored, and then gave birth to four sons, Liu Cang, Liu Jing, Liu Heng, and Liu Jing.
Note: Wu Jizi was the fourth son of King Wu Shoumeng and was originally not eligible to inherit the throne, but King Wu wanted him to inherit.
Fifth, enter the world of the mother of the palace, and create a precedent in the two dynasties
Liu Yang's birth was not good news for Guo Shengtong, and Yin Lihua had an extra weight to wrestle with Guo Shengtong since then. However, in the same year, another major event occurred that was even more unfavorable to Guo Shengtong. Liu Yang, the king of Zhending, concocted a saying that "after Chijiu, Gao Yang is the Lord" to rebel, but was defeated by the general Geng Chun, and Guo Shengtong's political reliance completely collapsed.
"When Zhending's king Liu Yang recreated the Ji Yun: After Chijiu, Gao Yang is the Lord. Yang is sick, wants to be confused, and communicates with the Mianman thief. —— Book of the Later Han
With the killing of his uncle, Guo Shengtong could only rely on his eldest son, Liu Jiang, for political resources. However, Liu Jiang is a person who advocates force and often expresses his desire to open up the territory, while Liu Xiu hopes that the successor king can stop Ge Xingren and recuperate, so he prefers Liu Yang, who is benevolent, and Guo Shengtong's last hope is gradually disappearing.
In the seventeenth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu suddenly issued an edict to abolish the posthumous period: Hou harbored a grudge, violated the decree several times, could not appease his son, and trained the head of the different room. Inside the palace, if you see the eagle. There is no virtue of "Guan Ji", but the wind of Lu and Huo, how can you trust the young orphan and honor the worship. Today, the Great Situ Shu and Zong Zhengji held the festival, and the Empress Seal was enshrined on it. The good family in the village of the nobles is from the humble. 'I am gone, in three years this year. 'It is appropriate to worship the temple of the sect and be the mother of the world. The Lord details the old scriptures, and the honorific number is on time. Abnormal things, non-national rest, not to celebrate the birthday. Since then, Yin Lihua, who had been in the concubine position for sixteen years, was able to enter the middle palace.
In fact, Guo Shengtong's deposition is not a big fault in itself, we know that all Chinese dynasties basically have a hidden danger of chaos - foreign qi. The Guo family helped Liu Xiu to lay down the country, so the Guo family's status in the imperial court was unparalleled. At the same time, Guo Shengtong's own personality is relatively strong, so the queen's party gradually becomes a big problem that threatens Liu Xiu's henchmen. Therefore, for the sake of imperial power, it is necessary to reduce Guo's influence, and abolishing Guo Shengtong is the most direct and effective way, if Guo Shengtong can have the political acumen of Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua, Taoguang and Yanghui, maybe he will not lose his post.
In any case, Yin Lihua eventually became the lord of the harem, and she could still lead by example, advocating thrift, virtuousness and humility, and governing the harem in an orderly manner. In 57 AD, Liu Xiu died, Liu Zhuang succeeded to the throne, and honored Yin Lihua as empress dowager. Yin Lihua still told her children and grandchildren to treat other royal families and foreign relatives well, and not to abuse their power and strike wantonly. Later, the Eastern Han royal family never killed a prince who was not his own, which was inseparable from Yin Lihua's personal practice and family training.
In 64 AD, seven years after Liu Xiu's death, Yin Lihua died at the age of 60 after two dynasties, nicknamed "Guanglie", Yin Lihua became the first person in Chinese history to have an empress nickname system, and since then, the empress nickname has been customized by successive dynasties, and it has been used until the early Tang Dynasty for 600 years.
Looking back at the historical stories of Liu Xiu, Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong, I feel deeply. I believe that Liu Xiu has deep feelings for Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong, but as an emperor, in order to stabilize power, he must sacrifice a stronger side, Guo Shengtong lost in not understanding the heart of the emperor, and Yin Lihua won in advancing by retreat.
Although Liu Xiu's choice is always a career priority, his treatment of Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong is also affectionate enough, and there are very few who can end well after the abolition in history, and Guo Shengtong is one of them. And the relationship with Yin Lihua can be seen from Emperor Hanming. In 74 AD, the Han Ming Emperor Liu Zhuang had a dream in which his father Liu Xiu and mother Yin Lihua were as loving as they were before their deaths, and he was still the child under Chenghuan's knees, and Emperor Ming woke up crying like a child.
"In the first month of the seventeenth year, when the original mausoleum was visited, the night dream of the first emperor and empress dowager was like a happy life. Sleepless, sad and sleepless. - The Book of the Later Han
The most ruthless imperial family, Liu Xiu has a ruthless side when treating Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong, but he is also trying to make the originally ruthless imperial family more humane, which may be one of the reasons why the love story between Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong can still be talked about two thousand years later!