What is the key to improving soil structure?
1. Improve drainage, some deep-rooted species can help break through the compacted layer in the soil and improve drainage. The root system of the cover crop that penetrates the soil also creates channels, when the root system breaks down or merges after death;
For example, growers in some systems use "tillage (fodder) turnips" to break down, compact (see mixtures and cocktails: soil should be covered with resources).
In addition, many herbaceous plants with a wide range of fibrous root systems add large amounts of organic matter to the soil by clearing the root system. This increase in organic matter stimulates the formation of biological activity, activity and soil aggregates, which improves drainage. These grasses include annual rye, perennial rye, and oats.
2. Protect water quality. Protecting water quality includes reducing surface loss of soil, particles and their bound nutrients, as well as reducing nutrient leaching through soil profiles. Sediments and nutrients reduce water quality in freshwater and oceans, and concentrations of surface water and nutrients can accumulate in groundwater or aquifers.
During periods of high rainfall, species that prevent soil erosion and remove nutrients, whether used alone or in combination, can help reduce these losses.
It is also important to avoid switching during periods when high-nitrogen cover crops are prone to leaching, for example, when crop cover is little or no cover and high rainfall.
Provide mulch to retain soil moisture and/or suppress weeds. A combination of high, aboveground biomass and medium or high carbon:nitrogen ratio residues is desirable.
The high nitrogen content of most legumes breaks down too quickly to be effective. However, be aware that in Mediterranean climates with little or no rainfall in summer, mulching to retain moisture is rarely used. Select and use cover crops.
Cover the definition, benefits and challenges of crops.
Provides habitat for beneficial insects and spiders. Annual cover crops have different effects on beneficial invertebrates, providing habitat for beneficial invertebrates.
Its impact depends on specific crops, cover crops and pests, as well as other factors specific to the cultivation system. Winter cover, California's crops typically rarely overlap with summer crops, so it may not be good, beneficial hosts need to survive until summer crops are established.
Cover crops can provide good habitat for perennial beneficiary systems, such as orchards and vineyards, especially when using species with food sources, such as flowers or extraflowers, nectar glands (such as vegetables).
Note that to realize this benefit, you need to consider crops as part of your overall farm plan. While cover crops will attract beneficial people if they don't have a place to move (e.g., hedges or surrounding natural areas), when mulching, crops are pruned and merged, you will lose them and their predatory or parasitic functions.
3. Suppress weeds. Cover crops can reduce weed populations by defeating weeds, through earlier or more vigorous growth and dense canopy covering, or by releasing antagonistic compounds that inhibit weed seed germination and seedling growth.
However, the ability of cover crops to do so depends on factors such as sowing rate, choice of cover crops, rows, spacing, early irrigation, planting date, planting method, and planting use during the growing season of the cover crop.
Crops covered to help suppress weeds include wheat rye, triticale, sorghum/sultan, mustard and high biomass or hypoallergenic legumes.
4. Suppress diseases and pests transmitted in the soil. Certain cover crops can inhibit specific diseases or pests. For example, cereal rye, sorghum/Sudan, selected rapeseed varieties (e.g. C.V. humus) and white mustard are known to inhibit root-knot nematodes and soil, diseases that spread.
Such as rhizoctonia and verticillium wilt. The challenges of cover crops, despite their positive properties, incorporating cover crops into your growing system can also present challenges, including delayed planting and the economic expense associated with using cover crops.
Bibliography:
[1] Transaction Cost, Production Cost and Outsourcing of Agricultural Production Links: Based on the Perspective of Adjustment of Farmland Endowment Effect [J].
[2] Construction of agricultural socialized service system with Chinese characteristics[J].
[3] Path selection to improve rural land management mode[J].
#5,000 years of history ##把地球的故事讲给宇宙 #
