#知识创作人第七季 #
Molière (1622-1673), an outstanding French comedian. He was born in Paris, the son of a royal interior decorator. Since childhood, Molière loved to watch farces in the market and the juggling of jianghu entertainers. In 1642 Molière received a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Orléans.
In 1643, despite the prejudice of looking down on artists at that time, he decided to pursue an artistic career. He and actress Madeleine. The Beyar family established the "Glory Theatre Company", which performed popular tragedies, but was imprisoned several times in debt, and in 1645 the troupe declared bankruptcy. From 1645 to 1650, he joined forces with other troupes and traveled all over the south and west, and began to perform some short clown plays that belonged to the Italian farce. From 1650 to 1658, Molière served as the head of the troupe, operating around Lyon. This wandering life of a leader, actor and choreographer provides a good material and experience for his creation. He wrote two comedies, Daredevil (1653) and Grudge (1656), which mimicked Italian comedies, and although the plot was not real, the jokes were endless, full of coincidences, and ended in a reunion.
The period between 1659 and 1663 was the beginning of his real career in theater and the inaugural period of classical comedy. In 1658, "The Amorous Doctor" was performed by Lu Critic and was a success. The Ridiculous Lady (1659) pioneered genre comedy. The School of the Lady (1662) was Molière's first major comedy, a critique of monastic education and feudal femininity, and a celebration of the true love of young men and women. The play was performed 53 times that year, the most performed in Molière's first play, and the king gave him the title of "excellent comedian" and an annuity. Molière was again personally attacked, and he wrote Criticism of the School of The Lady (1663) and The Impromptu versailles (1663) and fought back.
The period 1664 to 1668 was the height of his work. The performance of "The Hypocrite" has undergone a tortuous struggle, but it has sharpened the fine works of thought and art. Don Juan (1665) exposes the decay and depravity of the nobility, and the script combines reality with magic, mixing tragedy and joy. However, Molière was later suspended by external pressure and never staged again during his lifetime.
From 1669 to 1673, Molière wrote plays for the celebrations of the court and also produced some excellent genre comedies. The Noble Man's Fan (1670) satirizes the bourgeoisie who is intoxicated with the nobility. The Trick of Skaban (1671) created the image of Skaban as a resourceful and daring servant who transcended the concept of hierarchy. "No Illness to Find a Disease" is an exposé of the psychology of coveting property. When the play was staged, Molly was exhausted, but had to play the leading role for the sake of the troupe's expenses. On February 17, during the fourth performance, he collapsed and died a few hours later. It was only with the intervention of Louis XIV that the Archbishop of Paris allowed Molière's body to be buried in the cemetery. The French writer Musé once pointed out that the comedic color of Molière's work contrasts with the bitterness of his fate; Molière's laughter, seen from a distance, resembles a comical grimace, but to those who know his heart, it is a grimace of pain.
Molière's comedies can be divided into genre comedies and satirical comedies. "The responsibility of comedy is both to correct people's ills in entertainment. I think there is no better way to carry out this task than to attack the vices of this century through hilarious depictions. This is Molière's basic creative program. He repeatedly emphasized: "A serious lesson, even if it is comprehensive, is often less powerful than irony; There is nothing more effective in exhorting most people than to portray their faults. Turning vices into the laughing stock of everyone is a major blow to vices. At the same time, Molière argued that "the perfect intellect escapes all extremes and expects the wisdom of moderation".
His genre comedy changed the old comedy depicting pirate robbery, women dressed as men, shipwrecks, and finally confessions. He shows French society in the second half of the 17th century, from the life of high society to the scene of rural life, from the bourgeois family to the commoner family, from the relationship between husband and wife to the education of women, all with extreme detail and full description. Molière portrayed miserly (Abagon), jealousy (Anofre), hypocrisy (Dardufer), cynicism (Alcester), and so on, who had distinct personalities, so that Molière's comedy can also be called character comedy.
Molière's comedies dare to touch the subject matter that others are daunting, and have a strong fighting spirit. Most of his comedies are set in bourgeois families, exposing the vices of the bourgeoisie. He satirized the bourgeoisie's elegant atmosphere of the aristocratic salons, sharply attacked the idea of husband power, and paid attention to depicting human nature. Undoubtedly, Molière was the most famous classicalist comedian of 17th-century France.