The Qatar World Cup has been over for a while, and Pikachu has only just come out of the mountain without nets. It can be said that in the 2022 Qatar World Cup, the performance of the Japanese team is still remarkable, once defeating Germany and Spain, drawing with the last runner-up and this year's third runner-up Croatia, the strength should not be underestimated. It is also recognized as having the strength of a second-tier team in Europe, and the South Korean team is also close behind. At the same time, the domestic turmoil has not yet subsided. Although Pikachu is not a senior fan, he still places hope and blessings on Chinese football. I hope that our country will be outstanding in all fields and aspects, and become an invincible existence full of hexagons!
32 participating teams for the 2022 Cartel World Cup
Looking back at the history of the development of Chinese football, it can be described as a wonderful prosperity. Let's start with the birth of Chinese football.
First, the origin of Keju - stone ball
Many people have only heard that the origin of Chinese football is Keju, so what is the origin of Keju?
This has to mention the survival activity of ancient humans - hunting.
The big difference between man and beast is that the former learned to use tools. A large number of wild horse remains and stone balls were unearthed at the Paleolithic Cultural Site in Xujiayao, Shanxi, which were hit by stone balls or caught by tripping horses. But with the advent of animal husbandry, humans learned to keep animals in captivity, and stone ball hunting slowly faded out of history. It evolved into kicking stone balls.
Ancient human farming
Second, the earliest Keju
As we said earlier, the stone ball of ancient humans is the earliest ball activity that can be studied. So, when did the stone ball become a kakiju? According to the Han Dynasty Liu Xiang's "Bielu", it is recorded that "the one who bowed, it is rumored that the Yellow Emperor did it..."
The Yellow Emperor and Chi You
According to the book "Ten Great Classics and Positive Chaos" unearthed at the Mawangdui site in Changsha in 1973, it is recorded that the Yellow Emperor and the two tribes of Chi You clashed, and in the end, the Yellow Emperor defeated Chi You and killed Chi You, in order to vent his anger, he also dissected his body, took out Chi You's stomach pouch, had enough gas, and kicked him around as a leather ball.
Some people will say that such myths and stories are too unfounded, and the Changsha Mawang stacked books were copied between the end of the Warring States and the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of Han (168 BC), and at most it can be said that Keju existed before this era. Don't worry, listen to Pikachu continue.
According to the oracle bone text of the Yin Shang period: "Geng Yinbu, Zhen: Hu Dance, from the rain." "Taste is the meaning of Keju, and tasting dance is Keju dance. This sentence is to say that Geng Yin's divination by the king of heaven was smooth: people danced and danced to pray for rain, and it would rain in the sky. That is to say, during the Yin Shang period, Keju did already exist. Then, the aforementioned Keju originated in the Yellow Emperor period, not necessarily just a myth, perhaps in the near future, with the excavation of more ancient sites, there will be more ironclad evidence.
An ancient Chinese script: oracle bone script
Third, the rise of Keju - Spring and Autumn Warring States
The word "Keju" first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period "Shiji Su Qin Liebian ", according to records: the state of Qi "Linzi is very rich and practical, and its people are all blowing drums, playing the piano and fighting, fighting cocks and lackeys, and six bowers". It shows that at that time, in the territory of the Qi State, that is, the area around Linzi, Shandong, the sport of kicking was very popular. As for other countries of the same period, it is not easy to assert because the customs are different from place to place.
In the Han and Wei dynasties, there were many fewer wars, and the country's major policy was to rest and recuperate, so that the people could live and work in peace and contentment, and there was a great scene of social and economic prosperity. This also laid the social foundation for the development of the Keju movement.
4. The Prosperity of Keju - Han Dynasty
According to the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing": "Gao Zu asked left and right, (Liu Bangfather) was in the good of his life, all slaughtered young men, cockfighting and bowing to be happy, but now there is no such thing, so he is not happy." "What do you mean? It is said that Liu Bang and his father are used to playing cockfighting and kicking in his hometown Peixian, but they don't have these when they get to the palace, so they are not used to it. Therefore, Liu Bang ordered a new city to be built a hundred miles east of Chang'an City, imitating the scale of the original Peixian Fengyi, and all the residents of the original Fengyi were moved to the new city, and Liu Taigong also moved there. Since then, Mrs. Liu can fight cocks and bow again.
It may be a genetic relationship, most emperors of the Han Dynasty, like Liu Taigong, were very enthusiastic about the sport of juju, and all of them were football fans. Even Pikachu had to wonder if the Han Dynasty royal family made Keju a compulsory course for the heir to the throne, and Emperor Wudi of Han even built a stadium in the Pingle Hall in Shanglinyuan, and Emperor Hancheng was a well-known big fan who was addicted to Keju all day.
Han people kick bow
In Huan Kuan's "Salt and Iron Theory", it is recorded: "The house of nobles, bow and fight cocks." "The good are galloping, and the poor alleys are broken." During this period, from the imperial family, down to the ordinary people's alleys and cities, the sport of Keju can be seen everywhere. There is also a saying of "cold food and juju", which refers to the best season to play football around the Qingming Festival.
There was even the first historical Keju fanatic in Chinese history, and he died because of his obsession with it. According to the "Shiji Bian Quecang Gongli Biography", it is recorded that the ancient famous doctor Chun Yuyi saw a doctor for an official in Anling, and repeatedly told him to pay attention to rest and recuperate, and not to go out to play football again, he just didn't listen, and as a result, he vomited blood and died on the spot.
During the Han Dynasty, it can be described as an empty alley. It can be regarded as the peak period of the first wave of the development scale of Keju sports, and it is also an important period for the standardization and specialization of football.
During this period, Keju not only had a special stadium with walls and bleachers, Jucheng, but also had relatively sound rules of the game.
According to the Eastern Han Dynasty Li You's "Jucheng Ming": the construction of the stadium is rectangular, surrounded by walls, two half-moon-shaped goals facing each other, the half of Juyu has six players each, there are twelve players in the whole game, the referee should judge the victory or defeat fairly and strictly according to the rules of the game, the players should calmly accept the win or loss, obey the referee, and decide the victory or defeat by the number of goals scored, and so on. It can be called the prototype of modern football.
The intensity of the Han Dynasty kick ju competition is very high, and in order to get rid of the opponent's attack, it also allows actions such as pushing and falling, which is reminiscent of the wonderful plot in "Kung Fu Football".
Keju and ancient armies
Because the sport itself is confrontational and competitive, it is not only a game, but also an important subject of military physical fitness training and military training.
The ancients bowed
According to Liu Xiang's "Bielu", it is said that the Yellow Emperor did it, or it is said that the Warring States period recorded that the Yellow Emperor was also in the army, so he trained as a warrior and knew the talent. There is nothing to do in the army today, so it is necessary to make a bow, and there are twenty-five books. ’”
According to the "Hanshu Huo Qu Disease Biography", "the pawn lacks food or cannot revive himself, and goes to the sick still wears the domain and kicks and bows". It is said that the famous general Huo Qubing of the Han Dynasty, in addition to marching against Saimo, used Qiju to train the army's combat effectiveness.
Liu Xin, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, once recorded in the "Seven Sketches": "The law of the squat is so subtle, all because of playfulness to lecture on the trainer, and now the sergeant Yulin has nothing to do, so that the juju." "Dunhuang once unearthed a ju, filled with silk wool, and tied into a ball with a string made of fine hemp rope and white silk, which should be an example of the bian county sergeant's training in juju.
During the Han Dynasty, the army was trained by Juju
By the time of the Three Kingdoms, Keju was still one of the main training sports in the army. The "Taiping Yuyan" said: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms were at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the Golden Revolution was prosperous, and the warriors took bowing horses as their duty, and the family took Qiju as their study." ”
Fifth, the climax of the Qiju - Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty, can be said to be the most brilliant dynasty in the history of the mainland, during this period the national strength of the mainland almost reached its peak, but also the continent in the world's most influential dynasty, until now there are still many foreigners call us Tang, there are many Chinatowns abroad, which are the habits left from the Tang Dynasty. In this context, China's Qiju history began to enter a climax period, which is also the second peak in the history of development.
Tang Dynasty "Single Gate"
Tang Dynasty stadiums have appeared real "goals", sometimes called "gates". Some are "double gates" on one side and attack the other side. Some are "single doors", located in the middle of the court, with a hole in it, and both sides try to kick inside, and whoever kicks in points points. The double-pitched kick is very close to modern football.
The materials and techniques used to make the juju during the Tang Dynasty were already very advanced, and compared with before, the main major improvements were twofold: first, the spherical shell synthesized with two skins was changed to a spherical shell sewn into a round shape with eight pieces of pointed skin, and the spherical shape was more rounded; The second is to change the hair inside the ball shell to put an animal urine bubble, "shush and blow", becoming the world's earliest inflatable balloon, the ball is lighter. In this way, it is no longer laborious to kick, so the Keju movement began to reach the masses.
Now on display at Shaanxi Sports Museum: Han Dynasty Keju (left) and Tang Dynasty Keju (right)
During this period, there were also many Tang Dynasty women who joined the team of Qiju, and women loved the game of Qiju more, and the Tang Dynasty women's football style did not use the goal, and it was possible to kick high and play tricks. The overall level of "women's football" in the palace of the Tang Dynasty is very high, and it is regarded as the "royal women's football team". Therefore, the sonorous rose of our country, the Chinese women's football team, has a very good origin in the history of Chinese football.
According to Tang Biao's "Drama Talks": "When the spring rain is new, there are three women, but they are seventeen or eighteen, dressed in blue rags, wearing clogs, standing under the locust tree on the side of the road, and the young man in the army bows, and then sends it, straight up to several zhang, so the viewers gradually become crowded, super unique." "These seventeen or eighteen-year-old girls can play football and they are very technical. It can be seen that Keju was popular all over the world at that time.
Ancient Girls' Kicking
Not only that, during the Tang Dynasty, kicking competitions were often held, and for the winners, they could also get a small reward. That's more than 1,000 years earlier than the Champions League! Wei Zhuang once wrote in a poem: "The inner official first gave Qingming fire, and the prime minister was idle and paid for nothing." There is also Wang Jian who wrote in the "Palace Words": "Cold food insiders are long beaten in vain, and the treasury is scattered with money first." "It's all about the end of the Keju game, the referee (the upper photo) pays bonuses to the winning side, the difference is that Wei Zhuang is talking about a civil ball game, while Wang Jian is talking about a ball game in the palace.
Wang Wei also wrote in "The East of the Cold Food City": "The bow has repeatedly passed the birds, and the swing is racing out of the weeping Yangli." Du Fu also said in the poem "Qingming": "Ten years of juju will be far away, and the customs of thousands of miles of swings are the same." It shows that in that era, kicking football and swinging were very common phenomena, and it was also a side that brought out the prosperity and prosperity of the sport of kicking in that era.
Ancient Girls' Kicking
For unknown reasons, the article cannot be updated in a month, so let's talk about the first half for the time being. See you later!